动词时态和语态重点讲解

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1、动词时态和语态重点讲解 篇一：动词时态和语态讲解 动词时态和语态讲解 动词时态 主要表示目前的特征或状态、如今经常性或适应性的动作、客观存在及普遍真理等。 【例1】 I _ all the cooking for my family，but recently Ive been too busy to do it. A. will do B. do C. am doing D. had done 【例2】 The teacher said that the sun _ in the east. A. rose B. raises C. rises D. is rising 在以when，unti

2、l (till)，as soon as，by the time，after，before等引导的时间状语从句或以if，unless，once等引导的条件状语从句以及以no matter when，however，even if等引导的让步状语从句中，假如主句中的动词用一般今后时，从句中的动词通常用一般如今时代替一般今后时。 【例3】 When _ again？ When he _，Ill let you know. A.he comes；comes B.will he come；will come C.he comes；will come D.will he come；comes 【例4】 I

3、 cant tell you if it _ tomorrow if you _ me. A.rains；will ask B.shall rain；ask C.will rain；askD.would rain；will ask 二、一般过去时 (1)表示在过去某个时间所发生的动作或存在的状态，或表示在过去一段时间内的经常性或适应性动作。 (2)常用的时间状语有：yesterday，last year，the other day，just now，three days ago，in 1999等。 【例5】 Sales of CDs have greatly increased since t

4、he 1900s，when people _ to enjoy the advantages of this new technology. A.begin B.began C.have begun D.had begun 【例6】 Nancy is not coming tonight. But she _！ill promiseD.had promised 在时间、条件等状语从句中用一般过去时表示过去今后时。 【例7】 He said he would go to see his mother when he _ from abroad. A.returned B.was returned

5、 C.would return D.had returned 【例8】 Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _ home. A.has left；comesB.left；had come C.had left；cameD.had left；would come 三、如今进展时 1.如今进展时的根本用法：表示如今此刻或现阶段正在进展的动作。 【例9】 Im not finished with my dinner yet. But our friends _ for us. A.will waitB

6、.wait C.have waited D.are waiting 【例10】 These days my father _ a novel. A.writes B.is writing C.has writtenD.will write2.用进展时表示今后的情况 某些动词的如今进展时可表示打算或安排好了的今后动作。常见的这类动词有：go，come，leave，arrive，start，take off等。 【例11】 He _ to see you tomorrow.as come C.is comingD.was coming always，often，constantly，frequen

7、tly，forever等副词和如今进展时连用，表达说话人的某种感情，即“赞扬”或“厌恶”等，可译为“老是、总是”。 【例12】 John _ of what he can do for others. A.always think B.is always thinkingC.has always thought D.will always think 【例13】 You _ TV.Why not do something more active？ A.always watchB.are always watching C.have always watchedD.have always bee

8、n watched 4.一般不用于进展时的动词 状态动词或静态动词通常不用于进展时态。如：like，love，prefer，want，think，wish，desire，believe，know，understand，realize，recognize，doubt，feel，forgive，guess，imagine，satisfy，taste，see，be，belong to，concern，contain，cost，depend on，deserve，have(有)，have on，lack，need，owe，own，remain，seem，sound等。 【例14】 I _ Tom qu

9、ite well.We were introduced at a party. A.am knowingB.was knowing C.knowD.had been knowing 【例15】 You are drinking too much. Only at home.No one _ me but you. A.is see 四、过去进展时 1. 【例16】 I walked slowly through the market，where people _ all kinds of fruits and vegetables.I studied the prices carefully

10、and bought what I needed.(2010湖南)ave sold 【例17】 Sorry to have interrupted you.Please go on. Where was I？ You _ you didnt like your fathers job. A.had saidB.said C.were sayingD.had been saying 【例18】 Shirley _ a book about China last year but I dont know whether she has finished it. A.has writtenB.wro

11、te C.had written D.was writing (1)表示某个短暂性动作发生的背景。 (2)与always，often，constantly，frequently，forever等副词连用,可表示某种感情色彩。 【例19】 He lost his watch when he _ football. A.played B.was playing C.had playedD.would play 【例20】 The leaders thought ill of Mrs.Black，because she _. A.was always complainingB.had always

12、complained C.would always complain D.will always be complaining 五、如今完成时 主要强调“过去”和“如今”的关系，须留意下面几点：(1)指过去的动作对如今的妨碍。 (2)如今完成时一般不与详细的过去时间状语或when从句连用。 (3)短暂性动词的完成时一般不与段时间状语连用。 (4)常用于如今完成时态的时间状语有：in the past few years，by now，up to now，so far，already，yet，since，for five years，recently，lately，before，never，on

13、ce，today，this week (month，year)，many times，just等。 【例21】 Im sorry，but I dont quite follow you.Did you say you wanted to return on September 20？ Sorry，I _ myself clear.We want to return on October 20.(2010北京)dnt made 【例22】 They _ friends since they met in Shanghai. A.have madeB.have become C.have been

14、 D.have turned 【例23】 I hear Jane has gone to the Holy Island for her birthday. Oh，how nice！ Do you know when she _？ 2.如今完成时在It/This/That is the first/second time (that).构造中的应用 该构造中，that引导的从句常用如今完成时。 【例24】 Do you know our town at all？ No，this is the first time I _ here. A.was B.have been C.cameD.am c

15、oming 一样点：都表示动作发生在过去。 不同点：如今完成时表示与如今有关；一般过去时表示与如今无关。 【例25】 You didnt lock the back door. You are wrong.I _. A.did lock itB.have locked it C.lock it myself D.do lock it 【例26】 How can you possibly miss the news？ It _ on TV all day long. A.has beenB.had been C.wasD.will be 【例27】 Does Liu Hui serve in t

16、he army？ No，but he _ in the army for 3 years. s served C.is servingD.would serve 如今完成进展时表示从过去某个时候开场不断连续到如今的动作；如今完成时表示动作已完成。如：Ive been writing an article.(还在写)/Ive written an article.(已写好) 【例28】 Im tired out.I _ all afternoon and I dont seem to have finished anything. A.shopped B.have shopped C.had s

17、hopped D.have been shopping 六、过去完成时 (1)表示在过去某一时刻或某一动作之前已经完成了的动作(即所谓的“过去的过去”)。 (2)表示从过去某一时刻开场不断连续到另一过去时刻的动作或状态。 【例29】 It took me a long time before I was able to fully appreciate what they _ for me. A.had doneB.did C.would doD.were doing 2.过去完成时表示“本来”的用法 动词think，expect，hope，suppose，want，plan，mean，int

18、end等用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的愿望或打算，意为“本来”。 【例30】 They _ to help，but they could not get there in time. A.want B.had wanted C.were wantingD.have wanted (1)It/This/That was the first/second time (that)过去完成时 (2)It wassince过去完成时 (3)no sooner.than.或hardly.when.的主句谓语要用过去完成时 (4)含“by过去时间点”或“by the time一般过去时”的句子常用过去完成

19、时。 【例31】 This was the first time we _ at home. A.met B.had met C.was metD.would meet 【例32】 We _ hardly arrived when it _ to rain. A.had；began B.have；began C.不填；beganD.不填；had began 【例33】 By the end of last year，another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. A.would be completed B.was being completedt been compl

20、eted D.had been completed 七、一般今后时 表示在今后的某个时候将要发生的动作或存在的状态。 1.“will/shall动词原形”表示今后的用法 will可用于各种人称，shall一般只用于第一人称。 【例34】 Great changes _ take place in the future.hall 注：will用于条件状语从句时，表示“愿意”。 【例35】 If you _ go to the countryside，you _ go. A.shall；shall B.will；may C.will；shallD.shall；may ：B 2.“be going

21、to动词原形”表示今后的用法 表示打算和预测。 【例36】 The film _ this Sunday. A.is going to be shown B.is showing C.is to show D.will have been shown 3.“be to动词原形”表示今后的用法 表示按打算或安排马上要发生的动作，有时也表示命令、禁止或可能性。 【例37】 The teacher said，“All the exercises _ be handed in on time.” A.will B.are to C.are about toD.are going to 4.“be ab

22、out to动词原形”表示今后的用法 表示马上要发生的事，通常不与详细的时间状语连用。 【例38】 Look！ Here comes a taxi.We _ leave.e to D.are going to 5.“be due to动词原形”表示今后的用法 表示按打算或时间表将要发生某事。 【例39】 The strike _ begin on Tuesday. A.is due to B.is about to C.shall D.are going to (1)be going to可用于条件状语从句表示今后，而shall/will一般不可。 【例40】 If you _ to my h

23、ouse，youd better phone me first. A.will comingB.shall come C.are going to come D.is to come (2)迹象说明要发生某事，只用be going to。【例41】 Look at those black clouds.It _ rain.l D.is about to (3)用be going to；而是在说话时的临时决定，那么用will/shall。 【例42】 Mary is in hospital. Oh，really？ I didnt know.I _ visit her.ill C.am to D.

24、am about to 【例43】 Mary is in hospital. Yes，I know.I _ visit her tomorrow. A.am going to B.will C.am to D.am about to 八、今后进展时 表示今后某一时间正在进展的动作，一般带状语。 【例44】 Guess what，weve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer. How nice！You_a different culture then. be experiencing B.have experien

25、ced C.have been experiencing D.will have experienced 【例45】 If you plant watermelon seeds in the spring，you_fresh watermelon in the fall.t B.would eat C.have eaten D.will be eating 九、过去今后时 表示从过去某时看将要发生的动作或存在的状态，多用于主句谓语动词是一般过去时的宾语从句中。 【例46】The discovery of gold in Australia led thousands to believe th

26、at a fortune_.d made 某些动词(如：go，start，come，leave，arrive，take off等)的过去进展时，能够表示过去将要发生的动作。 【例47】 My father will be here tomorrow. Oh，I thought that he _ today. 十、今后完成时 指今后某一时刻已完成的动作。常用于今后完成时的时间状语有：by the time，by the end of，by等。 【例48】 By the time Jane gets home，her aunt _ for London to attend a meeting.

27、十一、时态照应 时态照应是指从句谓语动词的时态受主句谓语动词时态的制约。时态照应的两个特点： (1) (2)当主句谓语动词为过去时态时,从句谓语动词要与其保持一致,即用相应的过去时态。 【例49】 I know that Jane _ for London last week and _ be back until next Sunday. A.had left；wont B.left；wont C.was leaving；will D.left；will 【例50】 The old man told me that he _ in the city for 50 years. A.has l

28、ivedB.wasll live 注：当从句表示的是一个永久的真理或说明一个人或东西的经常性特点时，能够不受主句谓语动词时态的约束。篇二：动词时态和语态讲解及练习 时态和语态讲解及练习 专题透析 2015年动词的时态和语态仍是考察的重点。将以“情景立意”为主。考点主要集中在三个方面：1.注重在详细语境中的考察；2.依照时间状语及上下文来确定时态和语态； 3.一些固定句式中的时态和语态。 用所给动词的适当时态、语态填空 1(2014广东卷).but the man at the front desk said there had been a mistake.We _(tell)that our

29、 rooms hadnt been reserved for that week，but for the week after. 2(2013广东卷)One day，Nick invited his friends to supper.He was cooking some delicious food in the kitchen.Suddenly，he _ (find)that he had run out of salt. 3(2014安徽卷)The twins，who _(finish) their homework，were allowed to play badminton on

30、the playground 4(2014北京卷)Hi，lets go skating. Sorry，Im busy right now.I _ (fill) in an application form for a new job. 5(2014北京卷)What time is it? I have no idea.But just a minute，I _(check) it for you. 6(2014北京卷)I found the lecture hard to follow because it _ (start) when I arrived. 7(2014大纲卷)Unless

31、extra money_(find)，the theatre will close. 8(2014大纲卷)The reports went missing in 2012 and nobody _(see) them since. 9(2014福建卷)Havent seen you for ages! Where have you been? I went to Ningxia and_(stay) there for one year，teaching as a volunteer. 10(2014湖南卷)Since the time humankind started gardening，

32、we _(try) to make our environment more beautiful. 11(2014湖南卷)Whenever you_(buy) a present，you should think about it from the receivers point of view. 12(2014江苏卷)How much do you know about the Youth Olympic Games to be held in Nanjing? Well，the media _ (cover) it in a variety of forms. 13(2014江西卷)Ton

33、y，why are your eyes red? I _(cut) up peppers for the last five minutes. 14(2014山东卷)Writing out all the invitations by hand was more timeconsuming thanwe_(expect) 15(2014山东卷)They made up their mind that they_(buy ) a new house once Larry changed jobs. 16(2014陕西卷)During his stay in Xian，Jerry tried al

34、most all the local foods his friends _(recommend) 17(2014四川卷)She _(phone) someone，so I nodded to her and went away. 18(2014天津卷)We wont start the work until all the preparations _(make) 19(2014浙江卷)Sofia looked around at all the faces: she had the impression that she _(see) most of the guests before.

35、20(2014重庆卷)Youd better write down her phone number before you _(forget) it. 21(2014重庆卷)James has just arrived，but I didnt know he _(come) until yesterday. 22(2013安徽卷) Im calling about the apartment you _ (advertise) the other day.Could you tell me more about it? 23(2013北京卷) Hurry up! Mark and Carol

36、_ (expect) us. 24(2013湖南卷) “What do you want to be？” asked Mrs.Crawford.“Oh，I _ (be) president，” said the boy，with a smile. 25(2013湖南卷) Around two oclock every night，Sue will start talking in her dream.It somewhat _ (bother) us. 26(2013湖南卷) If nothing _(do)，the oceans will turn into fish deserts. 27

37、(2013湖南卷) Have you heard about the recent election? Sure，it _(be) the only thing on the news for the last three days. 28(2013江苏卷) Could I use your car tomorrow morning? Sure.I _(write) a report at home. 29(2013江西卷) I _(come) to visit you later that day，but I had to phone and cancel. 30(2013辽宁卷) We a

38、re confident that the environment _(improve) by our further efforts to reduce pollution. 答案 1.were told 2.found 3.had finished 4.am filling found 8.has seen 9stayed 10.have been trying 11.buy 12.have covered 13have been cutting 14.had expected 15.would buy 23.are expecrs 26.is done 27.has been 28.wi

39、ll be writing 29.was coming 30.will be improved 考点? 一般时 1一般如今时 (1)表示经常性、适应性的动作和如今的状态、特征。句中常用often，usually，every day等时间状语。 Planning so far ahead makes no senseso many things will have changed by next year. 这么早做没有什么意义到明年非常多事情就会变了。 （2） )表示客观事实、普遍真理、自然现象以及不受时间限制的客观存在。 “Life is like walking in the snow，”

40、 Granny used to say，“because every step shows.” 奶奶过去常说：“生活就如在雪地里走路，由于每一步都显而易见。” (3)表示按打算、时刻表规定要发生的动作，但限于少数动词。如begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等。 飞机每星期三、五2：30起飞。 2一般过去时 表示在过去某一时刻、某一时间段内存在的状态或发生的动作，常与表示过去的时间状语连用(或上下文语境有暗示)；用于表示过去的适应；表示说话人原来没有料到、想到的事。 The president hopes that the

41、 people will be better off when he quits than when he started. 这位总统希望人民在他离任时比他上任时更富有。 3一般今后时 一般今后时表示今后会出现的动作或状态，常用的时间状语有：this evening，tomorrow，next week，in a few minutes等。常用构造有： (1)“will/shall动词原形”表示如今看来以后要发生的动作或存在的状态；表示事物的固有属性或必定趋势；表示临时性的打算或决定。 Fish will die without water. 离开水，鱼就会死。 名师指津 条件状语从句中的wi

42、ll表示“决心，意愿”，如今will不是助动词，而是情态动词表意愿。If you wont listen to us，just do as you please. 假如你不愿意听我们的，就请便吧。 (2)“be going to动词原形”表示如今打算或打算今后要做的事；表示依照某种迹象认为最近或今后要发生的事。 I am going to write to Hey this evening. 我今天晚上打算给亨利写封信。 (3)“be to动词原形”表示预先安排好的打算或商定；表示说话人的意志、意图、职责、义务、命令等；表示注定要发生的事情。 I am to meet Mr.Brown at

43、eleven oclock this morning. 我要在今天上午11点见布朗先生。 (4)“be about to动词原形”表示“刚要做某事，马上要做某事”，此构造不可与表示详细的今后时间的副词或副词性短语连用，而经常与when引导的从句连用。 The meeting is about to begin. 会议就要开场了。 考点? 完成时 1如今完成时 (1)表示从过去某一时间开场不断持续到如今的动作或状态。常与up to now，so far，already，yet，now，recently，in the past few years，just等表示时间的词以及since引导的状语从句

44、连用。 His first novel has received good reviews since it came out last month. 他的第一本小说自从上个月出版之后就非常受欢迎。 （2） 2)表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对如今产生的结果或妨碍。 瞧，已经有人清扫了沙发。 Well，it wasnt me.I didnt do it. 嗯，不是我，我没做过那件事。 (3)用于时间、条件、让步状语从句中，表示今后要完成的动作或一个动作先于另一个动作。 I will not believe you unless I have seen it with my own eyes. 除

45、非我亲眼看到，否那么我不会相信你的。 （4）4)常用于以下固定句式中： 在“It (This) is (will be) the first/second/third.timethat从句”中，that从句中的谓语动词用如今完成时。 这是我们全家第一次到电影院看电影。 在“It (This) is the adj.最高级名词that从句”中，从句中的谓语用如今完成时。 It is the most interesting movie that I have watch since I came here. 这是我到这儿看过的最有趣的电影。 2 过去完成时 (1)表示过去某一时间或某一动作前已完

46、成的动作或存在的状态。常与by，by the end of，by the time，before，since，until等后接表示过去某一时间的短语或从句连用。 By the time Jack returned home from England，杰克从英国回到家时，他的儿子已经大学毕业了。 (2)过去某一时间的动作或状态持续到过去另一时间，还可能持续下去。常与for，since等构成的时间状语连用。 By the end of last month he had worked in Shanghai for twenty years. 到上个月月底他已经在上海工作了整整二十年。 （3） 3

47、)常用于以下固定句式中： hardly/scarcely.when.；no sooner.than.中，主句常用过去完成时。 Hardly (No sooner)the rain poured down. 我刚到家大雨就倾盆而下。 It was/had been一段时间since从句。since从句中谓语用过去完成时。 It was ten years since we had had such a wonderful time. 我们10年没这么快乐了。 考点? 进展时 1如今进展时 (1)如今进展时主要用来表示如今或现阶段正在进展的动作。 Ill go to the library as

48、soon as I finish what I am doing. 我一做完手头上的活就去图书馆。 (2)有些动词的如今进展时能够表示估计马上发生的动作：go，come，leave，arrive，return，begin，do，die，lose。篇三：2015年高考英语动词时态语态重难点 2015年高考英语动词时态语态重难点 难点自测 1.At the last moment, Tom decided to _ a new character to make the story seem more likely. A. put up B. put in C. put onD. put off

49、高考常考的几组动词短语 1.bring about break away come about call at bring backbreak in come across call on bring down break into come alongcall back bring forwardbreak out come on call up bring in break through come outcall for bring up break upcome to call off 2.Cut down die away give away set off Cut in die d

50、own give in set through Cut off die out give off set to Cut up give out give up 3.take away put away set aboutget about/around take down put down set asideget on/along take offput off set downget away take upput on set off get down to sth Put out set out get on Put upset up get over Set to get throu

51、ghget togther 4.turn around/round go away make out pick out turn off go back make up pick up turn on go by turn overgo on turn to go over turn up go out turn down go up turn out go down 典型例题 1. I tried phoning her office, but I couldnt _. A. get alongB. get onC. get to D. get through 2.What shall we

52、 use for power when all the oil in the world has _?A. used up B. put on C. run out of D. given out 3.On hearing the news, the president _ his visit to Australia and returned home immediately. A. broke offB. went offC. kept off D. took off 一般过去时与如今完成时的区别 I was out of town at the time, so I dont know

53、exactly how it _. A. was happeningB. happened C. happens D. has happened 2. Why does the lake smell terrible? Because large quantities of water_. A.have polluted B. have been polluted C. has been polluted D. is being polluted 典型例题 1.When you are home, give a call to let me know you _ safely. A.are a

54、rriving B. have arrived C. had arrived D. will arrive 2.For many years, people _ electric cars. However, making them has been more difficult than predicted. A. had dreamed of B. have dreamed of C. dreamed of D. dream of 3.The middle-aged woman dressed in blue with a group of students around her_ abr

55、oad when she was young. A.studiesB. studied C. had studied D. has studied 一般过去时与过去进展时的区别 1.I _ along the street looking for a place to park when the accident_. A.went; was occurring B. went; occurred C. was going; occurred D. was going; had occurred 2.The Russian rocket designer has been dead. For m

56、any years, he _ as an important assistant to the father Soviet space program. serves B. was serving C. servedD. has served 3. Remember how we met for the first time, Dick? Of course I do. You _to the teachers office hurriedly and _ me. A.had walked; werent noticing walking; didnt notice C.had been w

57、alking; noticed D.walked; had noticed 如今完成时与如今完成进展时的区别 1.The girl has a great interest in sport and _ badminton classes twice a week over the last three years. (2013.福建) A.took B. has been takingC. takes D. is taking 2.Tom _ in the library every night over the last three months. A.studiesB. has been

58、 studying C. had been studyingD. Studied 典型例题 1.The light _ on for long.Oh, I am sorry. I will go and turn it off. A. has been left B. has left C. had been left D. had left 2. Why do you want to work for our company? This is the job that I _ for. A.lookedB. have been looking C. had looked D. am to l

59、ook 3. How long _ like this? Three weeks! Its usual here that rain _ without stopping these days of the year. A. has it rained; pours B. is it raining; is pouring C. has it been raining; pours D. does it rain; pours 一般今后时的几种表达法 1.Ann is in hospital. Oh, really? I _ know. I _ go and visit her.t; am going toB. dont; would C. dont; willD. didnt; will 典型例题m told that their classes _ at two oclock in the afternoon,