2012年职称英语考试

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1、2012年职称英语考试第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。1、Joe came to the window as the crowd chanted,”joe,joe,joe!”A、jumpedB.repeated C.maintainedD.approached2、What puzzles me is why his books are so popular.A.confusesB.shocks C.influencesD.concerns3.The storm caused severe

2、damage.A.physicalB.accidentalC.environmentalD.serious4.Our aim was to update the health service, and we succeeded.A.offerB.modernizeC.provideD.fund5.Her comments about men are utterly ridiculous.A.slightlyB.partlyC.faintlyD.completely6.A large crowd assembled outside the American embassy.A.watchedB.

3、gatheredC.shoutedD.walked7.The contempt he felt for his fellow students was obvious.A . needB.hateC.loveD.pity8.All the flats in the building had the same layout.A.colorB.arrangementC.sizeD.function9.The weather was crisp and clear and you could see the mountains fifty miles away.A.hotB.heavyC.fresh

4、D.windy10.He inspired many young people to take up the sport.A.allowedB.calledC.advisedD.encouraged11.I think 7 for a drink is a bit steep,dont you?A.tightB.highC.lowD.cheap12.Most babies can take in a wide range of food easily.A.bringB.keepC.serveD.digest13.The city centre was wiped out by the bomb

5、.A.destoryedB.coveredC.reducedD.moved14.The walls are made of hollow concrete blocks.A.emptyB.bigC.longD.new15.Do we have to wear these name tags?A.listsB.labelsC.formsD.codes第2部分：阅读判断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A;如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B;如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Eastern Quak

6、es Can Trigger Big ShakesIn the first week of November 2011,people in central Oklahoma experienced more than two dozen earthquakes. The largest, a magnitude(量)5.6 quake, shook thousands of fans in a college football stadium, caused cracks in a few buildings and scared many people who had never felt

7、a quake before. Oklahoma is not an area of the country famous for its quakes. If you watch the news on TV, you see reports about all sorts of natural disasters. But the most dangerous type of natural disaster, and also the most unpredictable, is the earthquake.Researchers at the US Geological Survey

8、(USGS)estimate that several million earthquakes occur globally each year. That may sound scary, but people dont feel many of them because they happen in remote and unpopulated regions. Many quakes happen under the ocean, and others have a very small magnitude.Scientists know about small, remote quak

9、es only because of very sensitive electronic devices called seismometers(地震仪). These devices detect and measure the size of ground vibrations(震颤)produced by earthquakes. Altogether, USGS researchers use seismometers to identify and locate about 20000 earthquakes each year.Although earthquakes can ha

10、ppen anywhere in the world, really big quakes occur only in certain areas. The largest ones register a magnitude 8 or higher and happen, on average, only once each year. Such big ones typically occur along the edges of Earths tectonic plates(构造板块).Thctonic plates are huge pieces of Earths crust(外壳),

11、 sometimes many kilometers thick. Often, edges of these plates temporarily lock together. When plates push and scrape(擦)past each other earthquakes occur. On average, tectonic plates move very slowly-bout the same speed as your fingernails grow.But sometimes earthquakes rumble(轰轰作响)through portions

12、of the landscape far from a plates edges. Although less expected, these “mid-plate” small earthquakes can be stantial damage. Some of the biggest known examples hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago. Today, scientists are still puzzling over why the quakes occurred and when sim

13、ilar ones might occur.16. Oklahoma is an area often experiencing natural disasters.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned17. The earthquake is the most unpredictable natural disaster.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned18. Few earthquakes happen without peoples awareness.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned19. Seismome

14、ters can identify and locate most of the earthquakes in China.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned20. Big earthquakes of a magnitude 8 or higher seldom happen far from the edges of tectonic plates.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned21. Whenever tectonic plates move, earthquakes happen.A. RightB.WrongC.Not ment

15、ioned22. The earthquake that hit the eastern half of the United States two centuries ago is the biggest”mid-plate” one in history.A. RightB.WrongC.Not mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。Learn about Noble Gases(

16、惰性气体)1 Have you ever ridden on a balloon? Many tourist spots offer balloon rides in order for people to see the beauty of a place from above. A balloon contains a noble gas called hellum(氦). Formerly, balloons contained hydrogen but hydrogen is very flammable and dangerous when uncontrolled. Therefo

17、re, people shifted to helium, which is safer. Helium is safe because it has the properties of the noble gases.2 People once belleved that noble gases couldnt chemically react at all. For this reason, they were called inert gases(惰性气体). They were also listed under Group 0 in the old periodic table be

18、cause scientists believed that the gases have zero valence(价)electrons in their outer shell. This was later proven to be untrue when some noble gas compounds were discovered.3 The gases are elements, which share similar properties. These properties include being monoatomic, colorless, odorless, bein

19、g able to conduct electricity, and having low chemical reactivity. Noble gases include Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon. These are all found in Group 18, in the rightmost column of the periodic table. If you look at the periodic table, you will notice that these elements are the only on

20、es, which do not have a charge. Helium has the lowest molecular(分子的)weight while Radon is the heaviest.4 Remember that chemical reactions occur because atoms have valence electrons, which are electrons in their outer shell. When the outer shell is “unfilled” or the required number of electrons is no

21、t yet complete, the atom is more reactive. Noble gases have a full outer shell, meaning that they have complete electrons in their outer shell. This complete number varies. For instance, the outer shell of Helium has 2 valence electrons while the outer shell of Xenon has 8 electrons. Nowadays, there

22、 remains to be a few noble gases because of the low chemical reactivity of these said gases.5 because of their properties, noble gases have many important applications. They are widely used in medicine and industries. For instance, liquid Helium is used for superconducting magnets(磁体). These magnets

23、 are very important in physics and medicine. When a doctor suspects that a persons brain has been damaged, he might request for Magnetic Resonance Imaging(MRI). MRI allows the doctor to “see” the brain, without operating on the patient.23. paragraph 2_24. paragraph 3_25. paragraph 4_26. paragraph 5_

24、A. How were noble gases discovered?B. what is the periodic table?C. what are the applications of noble gases?D. How were noble gases understood in the past?E.What causes the low chemical reactivity of noble gases?F. What are noble gases?27. Noble gases are not very chemically .28. Among the elements

25、 of noble gases Helium is the .29. The required number of electrons in noble gasesouter shell is .30. MRI may make operating on the patient .A. completeB. reactiveC.unnecessaryD. flammableE. importantF. lightest第4部分：阅读理解(第3145题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇 Gross National Happi

26、nessIn the last century, new technology improved the lives of many people in many countries. However, one country resisted these changes. High in the Himalayan mountains of Asia, the kingdom of Bhutan remained separate. Its people and Buddhist(佛教)culture had not been affected for almost a thousand y

27、ears. Bhutan, however, was a poor country. People died at a young age. Most of its people could not read, and they did not know much about the outside world. Then, in 1972, a new ruler named King Jigme Singye Wangchuck decided to help Bhutan to become modern, but without losing its traditions.King W

28、angchuck looked at other countries for ideas. He saw that most countries measured their progress by their Gross Natonal Product(GNP). The GNP measures products and money. When the number of products sold increases, people say the country is making progress. King Wangchuck had a different idea for Bh

29、utan. He wanted to measure his countrys progress by peoples happiness. If the peoples happiness increased, the king could say that Bhutan was making progress. To decide if people were happier, he created a measure called Gross National Happiness(GNH).GNH is based on certain principles that create ha

30、ppiness. People are happier if they have health care, education, and jobs. They are happier when they live in a healthy, protected environment. They are happier when they can keep their traditional culture and customs. Finally, people are happier when they have a good, stable government.Now these is

31、 some evidence of increased GNH in Bhutan. People are healthier and are living longer. More people are educated and employed. Teenty-five percent of the land has become national parks, and the country has almost no pollution. The Bhutanese continue to wear their traditional clothing and follow their

32、 ancient Buddhist customs. Bhutan has also become a democracy. In 2008, King Wangchuck gave his power to his son. Although the country still had a king, it held its first democratic elections that year. Bhutan had political parties and political candidates for the first time. Finally, Bhutan has con

33、nected to the rest of the world through television and internet.Bhutan is a symbol for social progress. Many countries are now interested in Bhutans GNH. These countries are investigating their own ways to measure happiness. They want to create new policies that take care of their people, cultures,

34、and land.Brazil may be the nest country to use the principles of GNH. Brazilian leaders see the principles of GNH as a source of inspiration. Brazil is a large country with a diverse population. If happiness works as a measure of progress in Brazil, perhaps the rest of the world will follow.31. Who

35、was Jigme Singye Wangchuck?A. A king.B. A president.C. A Buddhist priest.D. A general.32. Apart from modernizing Bhutan, what else did Wangchuck want to do for Bhutan?A. To make its population grow.B. To keep its traditions and customs.C. To keep it separate from the world.D. To encourage its people

36、 to get rich.33. A country shows its progress with GNP byA. spending more money.B. spending less money.C. providing more jobs.D. selling more products.34. According to GNH, people are happier if theyA. have new technology.B. can change their religion.C. have a good, stable government.D. have more mo

37、ney.35. Today many countries areA. using the principles of GNH to measure their progress.B. working together to develop a common scale to measure GNH.C. taking both Bhutan and Brazil as symbols for social progress.D. trying to find their own ways to measure happiness.第二篇 Archive Gallery: The Best of

38、 Bionics(仿生学)Humans might be the most highly-evolved species on the planet, but most animals possess skills we can only dream of having. Imagine how much electricity we could save if we could see in the dark the way cats do. Imagine leaping from tree to tree like a monkey. Giraffes(长颈鹿), which are o

39、therwise calm and good-natured, sleep only 4.6 hours a day.We realized a long, long time ago that nature provides the best blueprint(蓝图)for invention. Weve borrowed canals from beavers(河狸)and reflectors from cats eyes. Although the words “bionics” became popular only after the 1960s, history shows t

40、hat nature has always provided ideas on solving everyday problems. Our archives(档案)dont go back to the time of Leonardo da Vinci and his bird-like flying machines, but we can take you to the late 19th century, where we applied those same principles for building our first practical airplanes.To prepa

41、re for their flight at Kitty Hawk, the Wright brothers studied the movements of pigeons to figure out how they stayed high up when they were heavier than air. Their success inspired scores of successors to improve on the airplane by studying various aspects of nature. One of Orville Wrights pupils c

42、aught and stuffed seagulls to examine their wingspan. Meanwhile, two French inventors examined spinning sycamore(梧桐) seeds in an effort to apply those same motions, reversed, to a helicopter.Some examples are more obvious than others. The outside of the airplane designed by the Wright brothers looks

43、 like a minimalistic (简单抽象艺术) structure. On the other hand, Barney Connetts fish submarine (潜水艇) actually looks like a fish.Some bio-inspired concepts have yet to be invented. In the 1960s, the US Army commissioned several university professors to conduct research on the motor skills animals in hope

44、 of applying those same abilities to tanks. Tanks that run like horses or jump like grasshoppers(蚂蚱)-sounds shocking, doesnt it? But imagine how life would change if we could achieve that.36. “cats”,”monkeys” and “giraffes” mentioned in paragraph 1 are examples to illustrateA. they are highly-evolve

45、d species as humans.B. humans can learn animalsskills.C. they are skillful in different ways.D. animals have skills that humans do not possess.37. Which of the following can be found in the archive gallery?A. History books.B. The Wright brotherssculpture.C. First practical airplanes built in the lat

46、e 19th century.D. Leonardo da vincis bird-like flying machines.38. What happened after the Wright brotherssuccess?A. People carried out a systematic study on pigeons.B. People studied more animals and plants to develop the airplane.C. People cound fly their airplane for fun.D. People kept their airp

47、lane at a French gallery.39. Which of the following in true about the research carried out by the US Army?A. It has changed our life.B. It has cost a large sum of money.C. It has improved the abilities of tanks.D. It has not succeeded yet.40. What does the writer want to tell in the passage?A. Many

48、inventions get ideas from nature.B. Some animals possess unique skills.C. People should protect nature.D. Bionics is far from perfect.第三篇 Life Form Found on Saturns TitanScientists say they have discovered hints of alien life on the Saturns moon. The discovery of a sort of life was announced after r

49、esearchers at the US space agency,NASA,analyzed data from spacecraft Cassini,which pointed to the existence of methane-based form of life on Saturns biggest moon.Scientists have reportedly discovered clues showing primitive alien beings arebreathing in Titans dense atmosphere filled with hydrogen.Th

50、ey argue that hydrogen gets absorbed before hitting Titans planet-like surface covered with methane lakes and rivers. This,they say,points to the existence of somebugs consuming the hydrogen at the surface of the moon less than half the size of the Earth.We suggested hydrogen consumption because its

51、 the obvious gas for life to consume on Titan,similar to the way we consume oxygen on Earth,says NASA scientist Chris McKay.If these signs do turn out to be a sign of life,it would be doubly exciting because it would represent a second form of life independent from water-based life on Earth.To date,

52、scientists have not yet detected this form of life anywhere,though there are liquid-water-based microorganisms on Earth that grow well on methane or produce it as a waste product. On Titan, where temperatures are around 90 Kelvin (minus 290 degrees Farenheit),a methanebased organism would have to us

53、e a substance that is liquid as its medium for living processes, but not water itself. Water is frozen solid on Titans surface and much too cold to support life as we know it.Scientists had expected the Suns interactions with chemicals in the atmosphere to produce a coating of acetylene on Titans su

54、rface. But Cassini detected no acetylene on the surface.The absence of detectable acetylene on the Titans surface can very well have a non-biological explanation,said Mark Allen,a principal investigator of the NASA Titan team.Scientific conservatism suggests that a biological explanation should be t

55、he last choice after all non-biological explanations are addressed,Allen said. We have a lot of work to do to rule out possible non-biological explanations. It is more likely that a chemical process,without biology,can explain these results.41 .What do scientists claim to have found about Saturn?A.

56、Water-based life on it.B. Methane-based life on its biggest moon.C. A new moon moving around it.D. Earthlike life on its biggest moon.42. Which of the following statements about Titan is true?A. It is as large as the Earth.B. There is acetylene on its surface.C. Water on it acts as a life supporting

57、 medium.D. Hydrogen consumption is reported to be on it.43. The expression this form of life in paragraph 5 refer to?A. Water-based life.B. oxygen-based life.C. Methane-based life.D. Liquid-based microorganisms.44. It can be inferred from Mark Allens address thatA. Scientists are trying to confirm t

58、hese is life on Titan.B. Scientists agree that a chemical process is a convincing explanation.C. Scientists share the opinion that a biological explanation is reasonable.D. Scientists are arguing over whether there is life on Titan.45. Which of the following can replace the title of this passage?A .

59、 A different Life Form, a Possibility.B. Earthlike Living Beings Found on Titan.C. Finding of One More Moon of Saturns.D. Titan, a New Satellite Discovered.第5部分：补全短文(第4650题，每题2分，共10分)下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容，分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。Voice Your Opinion: Change Is Needed in Youth SportsEverywhere

60、you look, you see kids bouncing a basketball or waving a tennis racquet (网球拍). And these kids are getting younger and younger. In some countries, children can compete on basketball, baseball, and volleyball teams starting at age nine. (46) And swimming and gymnastics classes begin at age four, to pr

61、epare children for competition.Its true that a few of these kids will develop into highly skilled athletes and may even become members of the national Olympic teams. (47) This emphasis on competition in sports is having serious negative effects.Children who get involved in competitive sports at a yo

62、ung age often grow tired of their sport. Many parents pressure their kids to choose one sport and devote all their time to it. (48) But 66 percent of the young athletes wanted to play more than one sport-for fun.Another problem is the pressure imposed by over-competitive parents and coaches. Childre

63、n are not naturally competitive. In fact, a recent study by Paulo David found that most children dont even understand the idea of competition until they are seven years old. (49)The third, and biggest, problem for young athletes is the lack of time to do their homework, have fun, be with friendsin short, time to be kids. When they are forced to spend every afternoon at sports practice, they often start to hate their chosen sport. A searchers found that 70 percent of kids who take part in competitive sport