《高三句型讲》PPT课件.ppt

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1、高三语法复习,句子成分&基本句型,句子成分 在句子中起着不同语法作用的部分，叫做句子成分。 句子成分有9种：主语、谓语动词、表语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、同位语、插入语。,1、主语（subject）：表示句子描述的是“谁”或“什么”，通常是谓语动词的动作执行,主语通常由 The students worked very hard They are from America. 80% of the students in our class are girls. To learn English is very difficult for us.=It is difficult for us t

2、o learn English. Swimming in the lake is dangerous. What he said is true.,名词、代词、数词、动词不定式、动名词、 或主语从句担任。,2.谓语动词：说明主语的动作或具有的状态与特征，由动词充当。英语中一个简单句一般只能出现一个谓语动词。 构成形式如下： 1）简单谓语： She practices speaking English every day. The woman takes good care of the baby. I have got rid of smoking. 2）复合谓语形式(1)： You may

3、go now. He has caught a bad cold. We are going to visit the old town tomorrow. (2)： It will be wasted.,由一个动词或动词短语构成。,由情态动词或助动词+动词构成,情态动词+系动词+表语,3、宾语：表示动作承受的对象，宾语由名词、代词、 不定式或相当于名词的词、短语或宾语从句来担任。 分为： 找出下列句子中的宾语 He bought a new car. The heavy snow prevented her from going to school. She enjoys listening

4、 to music. I dont know how to get there. I think that he is old enough to join the army.,动宾&介宾,4、宾补：英语中有少数及物动词,或介词后除了接一个宾 语外，还必须有一个宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明， 这样才能使句子的意义完整.可充当宾补的有名词、形容词、 副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）。 找出其中的宾语补足语 The boss made us work 14 hours every day. We found the dog lying on the ground. We paint

5、ed our house white. We found him killed the next morning You shouldnt leave the classroom with the door open.,5.表语是在连系动词之后表示主语性质、特征、 状态或身份的部分。表语通常由名词、代词、 形容词、副词、介词短语以及动词不定式、动 名词、分词或表语从句担任。,如：The football match is on.（副词） All the pupils are on the playground.（介词短语） He seemed surprised at the new.（分词）

6、 The key question is how we should solve the problem.（从句）,英语五种基本句型列式如下： 基本句型一： + （主谓） 基本句型二： + + （主系表） 基本句型三： + + （主谓宾） 基本句型四： + +O1 +2（主谓间宾直宾） 基本句型五： + + +（主谓宾宾补） s: subject v: verb P: predicative o: object (indirect) c: complement,基本句型一： + + （主系表）,主系表 该句型无被动,系动词分类： 1）变化系动词： 例：She becomes a lawyer.

7、 The eggs went bad. 2）状态系动词： 例：He always kept silent at meeting. 3）感官系动词： 例：The milk tastes sour. The cloth feels soft. 4）终止性系动词： 例：His plan turned out a success.,turn, become, grow, fall, get, go, come, run等,be, seem, remain, stay, stand, keep等,feel, smell, sound, taste, look, appear等,prove, turn o

8、ut等,补充： there be 句型。be还可换为stand, lie, exit, seem, happen, appear, live, remain等 There is some water on the surface of the desk. There is some one singing a beautiful song.,Spring comes and all trees turn green. He stayed awake all night.You dont look happy, whats the matter? Their plan sounds wonder

9、ful. Who will take charge of the company is unknown. What made me annoyed was that he didnt turn up on time.,练习一 划分以下句子成分,练习二,作文句式再现,1.勤奋工作是成功的关键。 2.快餐食品远不令人满意。 3.他们觉得眩晕乏力。 4.其他学生反对这个观点。（against） 5.它是释放压力的有用方法. 6.有部分学生赞同这个观点（agree）。,基本句型二： + （主谓）,2. + （主谓） eg. The telephone rang. His father might ha

10、ve died. We all breathe, drink and eat. We students should study hard.,这种结构中的谓语动词是不及物动词,练习一,划分以下句子成分,注：,1.We walked for five miles. 2.This box weighs five kilometers.,3.They will be flying to London. 4.He kept trying until dark. 5.Whether we will have a picnic depends on the weather. 6.Making inform

11、ed decisions in time counts.,练习二,作文句式再现,1.绵阳已经发生了巨大变化。 2.我们不应该熬夜太晚。 3.学生们可以快乐地生活和学习。 4.面对失败，他们决不放弃。 5.怎么合理地安排时间更重要。（count）,基本句型三： + +O （主谓+宾）,主谓+宾 这种结构中的谓语动词是及物动词，后面只跟一个宾语。,She is reading a novel. You may have seen each other. She prefers to stay at home. Leaving the heating on all the time wastes e

12、lectricity. What they did influenced our environment badly.,练习一 划分以下句子成分,1.This factory makes machine tools. 2.Mary has ordered a new dress. 3.I have had my lunch. 4.Doing exercise every day benefits you a lot. 5.Whatever you say now cant make up for what you have done.,练习二,作文句式再现,1.老师和家长持有不同观点。 2.养

13、宠物有许多优点。 3.其他人反对网购。（object） 4。经营博客将花费许多时间和精力。 5.我们应当通过法律去保护有限的水资源。,基本句型四： + +O + O （主谓+间宾+直宾）,2,1,主+谓+直宾+间宾 谓语为双宾及物动词， 其后需跟间接宾语（通常指人）和直接宾语 通常 指物或事）。,常见的动词有allow,assign,award,bring,buy,cause, choose, fetch, find, get, give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pass, pay, post, promise , read, recomm

14、end, refuse, render, return, sell, send, show, sing, take, telephone, touch, tell, throw, wish, write 等,例：I gave him the book. Ill return you the dictionary soon.,注：,有时间接宾语可移至直接宾语之后，但要加 相应的介词如 “to”，“for”，“of” 等,例：Betty gave her daughter an apple.Betty gave an apple to her daughter. Father bought him

15、 a bike.Father bought a bike for him. Please pass me the cake. Please pass the cake to me.,练习一 划分以下句子成分,1.My father bought me an Mp4.,Kate made two cards for her teacher,= She sells the shoes to customers,=,=My father bought an Mp4 for me.,4.I will write you a letter when I arrive home.,=,I will wri

16、te a letter to you when I arrive home,2.She sells customers the shoes.,3.Kate made her teacher two cards.=,练习二,作文句式再现,1.我向你推荐我自己。 2.这个节目告诉我们奥运冠军的 成长经历。 （Olympic championships） 3.他们给予了我们无私的帮助。 4.父母仅仅给子女钱去买早餐。,I recommend myself to you. The program tells us the growing experience of the Olympic champi

17、onships. They give us unselfish help. Parents just give their children money to buy breakfast.,基本句型三： + +O+C （主谓+宾+宾补）,主谓+宾+宾补 该句型中，谓语动词虽有宾语， 但句子意义仍不完整，需加补语，补足其意义。 充当宾语补语的有,名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、 不定式短语及分词等,例：We call him a fool. We found the house empty. Our neighbors built their wall high. We believe you t

18、o be an honest man. I heard them singing in the classroom.,补充：常见的带宾补的动词类型有,1.使役动词有： 例：,All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy. What would you have me do? He made the boy working day and night.,2.感官动词,have, want, make, get, leave,let等。,see, notice, observe, watch, hear, feel, find,例：I saw the chi

19、ld playing basketball when I passed the school. I often see him play football.,3.其他一些动词如：consider, regard, advise, allow, ask, beg, command, tell, invite 等 例：We dont allow such things to happen again.,练习一 划分以下句子成分,He wants to have his eyes examined tomorrow. Please remind me to leave her this note L

20、et him do whatever he wishes to do. I heard someone screaming just now. I feel it an honor to be invited here. 比较,1.He didnt tell me where he was. He told me to stay at home. 2.Can you lend me some money? We made him monitor. 3. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian We call him Lao Li .

21、,结论：,双宾语和复合宾语的区别,1.从成分上看：在双宾语中，能充当间接宾语或是直接宾语的一般是名词或代词等名词性成分。而在复合宾语中，能充当宾语补足语成分的则较多，如名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式（短语）和分词（短语）。,例：She showed us a new TV set.双宾语） Theotherstudentsintheclasskeeptheir eyesclosed（过去分词）（复合宾语）,2. 从句意关系上看 在双宾语中，两个宾语都是动作的承受者。宾语和宾语补足语之间关系比较紧密。宾语与宾补有主谓关系，可以换成一个主谓结构的句子，（补充说明宾语“是什么，干什么，怎么

22、样”）。,例：Sheboughtmesometomatoes Sheboughtsome tomatoesforme WemadeTommonitor（Tomismonitor） Wewillmakeourcountrymorebeautiful （Ourcountry willbemorebeautiful）,练习二,作文句式再现,1.和宠物好好相处会使我们的生活充满乐趣。 2.好的习惯会使我们精力充沛。 3.一旦受骗，人们发现很难投诉。 4.我认为通过共同生活去学会共同生活很有意义。 5.这些都使博客在高中生中越来越受欢迎。,1.Getting along well with animal

23、s will make our life interesting. 2.A good habit can make us energetic. 3.Once cheated, people find it difficult to make a complaint. 4.I think it meaningful to learn to live together by living together. 5.These reasons make it more and more popular with high school students.,He lives in Guangzhou.,