材料学专业名词中英文对译

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1、常见材料学专业名词中英文对译材料科学 Material Science 材料科学定义Material Science Definition加工性能 Machinability强度 Strength抗腐蚀及耐用 Corrosion & resistance durability金属特性Special metallic features抗敏感及环境保护 Allergic, re-cycling & environmental protection化学元素 Chemical element元素的原子序数 Atom of Elements原子及固体物质 Atom and solid material原

2、子的组成、大小、体积和单位图表 The size, mass, charge of an atom, and is particles (Pronton,Nentron and Electron) 原子的组织图 Atom Constitutes 周期表 Periodic Table 原子键结 Atom Bonding 金属与合金 Metal and Alloy铁及非铁金属Ferrous & Non Ferrous Metal金属的特性 Features of Metal 晶体结构 Crystal Pattern 晶体结构，定向格子及单位晶格 Crystal structure, Space l

3、attice & Unit cell X线结晶分析法 X ray crystal analyics method 金属结晶格子 Metal space lattice格子常数 Lattice constant 米勒指数 Mills Index金相及相律 Metal Phase and Phase Rule固熔体 Solid solution 置换型固熔体 Substitutional type solid solution 插入型固熔体 Interstital solid solution 金属间化物 Intermetallic compound 金属变态 Transformation 变态点

4、 Transformation Point磁性变态 Magnetic Transformation同素变态 Allotropic Transformation合金平衡状态 Thermal Equilibrium 相律 Phase Rule自由度 Degree of freedom 临界温度 Critical temperture共晶 Eutectic 包晶温度 Peritectic Temperature包晶反应 Peritectic Reaction包晶合金 Peritectic Alloy亚共晶体 Hypoeutetic Alloy过共晶体 Hyper-ectectic Alloy金属塑性

5、 Plastic Deformation 滑动面 Slip Plan畸变 Distortion硬化 Work Hardening退火 Annealing回复柔软 Crystal Recovery再结晶 Recrystallization金属材料的性能及试验 Properties & testing of metal 化学性能 Chemical Properties物理性能 Physical Properties颜色 Colour磁性 Magnetisum 比电阻 Specific resistivity & specific resistance 比重Specific gravity & sp

6、ecific density比热 Specific Heat热膨胀系数 Coefficient of thermal expansion 导热度 Heat conductivity 机械性能 Mechanical properties屈服强度Yield strength伸长度 Elongation 断面缩率 Reduction of area金属材料的试验方法The Method of Metal inspection 不破坏检验Non destructive inspections渗透探伤法 Penetrate inspection 磁粉探伤法 Magnetic particle inspe

7、ction放射线探伤法 Radiographic inspection 超声波探伤法 Ultrasonic inspection 显微观察法 Microscopic inspection破坏的检验 Destructive Inspection冲击测试 Impact Test疲劳测试 Fatigue Test潜变测试 Creep Test潜变强度 Creeps Strength 第壹潜变期 Primary Creep主要金属元素之物理性质Physical properties of major Metal Elements转变元素 Transition element交换能量 Positive

8、energy exchange外价电子 Outer valence electrons化学结合 Chemical bond钢铁的主要成份The major element of steel 钢铁用碳之含量来分类Classification of Steel according to Carbon contents铁相 Steel Phases钢铁的名称 Name of steel纯铁体 Ferrite渗碳体 Cementitle奥氏体 Austenite珠光体及共释钢 Pearlite &Eutectoid 奥氏体碳钢 Austenite Carbon Steel 单相金属 Single Ph

9、ase Metal 共释变态 Eutectoid Transformation 珠光体 Pearlite过共释钢 Hype-eutectoid 珠光体 Pearlite 粗珠光体 Coarse pearlite中珠光体 Medium pearlite幼珠光体 Fine pearlite磁性变态点 Magnetic Transformation 钢铁的制造 Manufacturing of Steel 连续铸造法 Continuous casting process电炉 Electric furnace钢铁生产流程 Steel Production Flow Chart 钢材的熔铸、锻造、挤压及

10、延轧The Casting, Fogging, Extrusion, Rolling & Steel 熔铸 Casting锻造 Fogging挤压 Extrusion延轧 Rolling冲剪 Drawing & stamping特殊钢 Special Steel简介 General特殊钢以原素分类 Classification of Special Steel according to Element 特殊钢以用途来分类 Classification of Special Steel according to End Usage Sulphuric Free Cutting Steel 硬化性

11、能 Hardenability 钢的脆性 Brittleness of Steel 低温脆性 Cold brittleness回火脆性 Temper brittleness 材料的加工性能 Drawing abillity硬度 Hardness表面处理 Surface finishEnd usages, industrial standard, quality, condition and hardness of cold rolled steel strip 硬度及拉力 Hardness & Tensile strength test拉伸测试(顺纹测试) Elongation test 曲面

12、(假曲率) Camber 防止生锈 Rust Protection 生锈速度表 Speed of rusting焊接 Welding气焊 Gas Welding埋弧焊 Submerged-arc Welding电阻焊 Resistance Welding电解/电镀锌大大增强钢片的防锈能力Galvanic Action improving Weather & Corrosion Resistance of the Base Steel Sheet 上漆能力 Paint Adhesion电镀锌钢片的焊接Welding of Electro-galvanized steel sheet点焊 Spot

13、 welding滚焊 Seam welding 电镀锌(电解)钢片Electro-galvanized Steel Sheet生产流程 Production Flow Chart锌镀层质量 Zinc Coating Mass表面处理 Surface Treatment 冷轧钢片 Cold-Rolled Steel Sheet/Strip 热轧钢片 Hot-Rolled Sheet/Strip电解冷轧钢片厚度公差 Thickness Tolerance of Electrolytic Cold-rolled sheet 热轧钢片厚度公差 Thickness Tolerance of Hot-ro

14、lled sheet 冷轧或热轧钢片阔度公差 Width Tolerance of Cold or Hot-rolled sheet 长度公差 Length Tolerance理论质量 Theoretical Mass简介 General硬度 Hardness 钢的种类 Type of Steel表面处理 Surface Finish 常用尺寸 Commonly Used Size电器用硅 硅 钢片 Electrical Steel Sheet 软磁材料 Soft Magnetic Material 硬磁材料 Hard Magnetic Material最大能量积 Maximum Energy

15、 Product 晶粒取向(Grain-Oriented)及非晶粒取向(Non-Oriented) Grain Oriented & Non-Oriented电器用硅 硅 钢片的最终用途及规格End Usage and Designations of Electrical Steel Strip 电器用的硅 硅 钢片之分类 Classification of Silicon Steel Sheet for Electrical Use 电器用钢片的绝缘涂层Performance of Surface Insulation of Electrical Steel Sheets 退火Anneali

16、ng 电器用钢片用家需自行应力退火原因 Annealing of the Electrical Steel Sheet退火时注意事项 Annealing Precautionary提防过份氧化 No Excessive Oxidation应力退火温度 Stress relieving Annealing Temperature 绝缘表面 Surface Insulation镀铝硅合金钢片的特色 Feature of Aluminized Silicon Alloy Steel Sheet 用途 End Usages 抗化学品能力 Chemical Resistance 公差 Size Tole

17、rance焊接能力 Weldability 钢板 Steel Plate 钢板用途分类及各国钢板的工业标准包括日工标准及美材试标准Type of steel Plate & Related JIS, ASTM and Other Major Industrial Standards钢板生产流程 Production Flow Chart钢板订货需知 Ordering of Steel Plate 不锈钢 Stainless Steel不锈钢的定义 Definition of Stainless Steel不锈钢之分类，耐腐蚀性及耐热性Classification, Corrosion Resi

18、stant & Heat Resistance of Stainless Steel 铁铬系不锈钢片Chrome Stainless Steel 表面处理 Surface finish不锈钢片机械性能(301, 304, 631, CSP)Mechanical Properties of Spring use Stainless Steel 不锈钢 种类，工业标准，化学成份，特点及 主要用途Stainless Steel Type, Industrial Standard, Chemical Composition, Characteristic & end usage of the most

19、 commonly used Stainless Steel不锈钢薄片用途例 End Usage of Thinner Gauge 不锈钢片、板用途例 Examples of End Usages of Strip, Sheet & Plate 不锈钢应力退火卷片常用规格名词图解General Specification of Tension Annealed Stainless Steel Strips 耐热不锈钢 Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel 镍铬系耐热不锈钢特性、化学成份、及操作温度Heat-Resistance Stainless Steel 铬系耐热

20、钢 Chrome Heat Resistance Steel 镍铬耐热钢Ni - Cr Heat Resistance Steel 超耐热钢 Special Heat Resistance Steel 抗热超级合金 Heat Resistance Super Alloy 边缘处理 Edge Finish硬度 Hardness高碳钢化学成份及用途高碳钢片 High Carbon Steel Strip 分类 Classification 用组织结构分类 Classification According to Grain Structure 用含碳量分类 即低碳钢、中碳钢及高碳钢 Classifi

21、cation According to Carbon Contains弹簧用碳钢片CarbonSteel Strip For Spring Use 冷轧状态 Cold Rolled Strip回火状态 Annealed Strip淬火及回火状态 Hardened & Tempered Strip/ Precision Quenched Steel Strip 贝氏体钢片 Bainite Steel Strip弹簧用碳钢片材之边缘处理 Edge Finished 淬火剂 Quenching Media 碳钢回火 Tempering 回火有低温回火及高温回火Low & High Temperatu

22、re Tempering 高温回火High Temperature Tempering 退火 Annealing 完全退火 Full Annealing扩散退火 Diffusion Annealing低温退火 Low Temperature Annealing中途退火 Process Annealing 球化退火 Spheroidizing Annealing光辉退火 Bright Annealing淬火 Quenching 时间淬火 Time Quenching奥氏铁孻回火 Austempering马氏铁体淬火 Marquenching高碳钢片用途 End Usage of High Car

23、bon Steel Strip冷轧高碳钢 日本工业标准Cold-Rolled (Special Steel) Carbon Steel Strip to JIS G3311 电镀金属钢片 Plate Metal Strip电镀金属捆片的优点Advantage of Using Plate Metal Strip 金属捆片电镀层Plated Layer of Plated Metal Strip 镀镍 Nickel Plated 镀铬 Chrome Plated镀黄铜 Brass Plated 基层金属 Base Metal of Plated Metal Strip低碳钢或铁基层金属Iron

24、& Low Carbon as Base Metal 不锈钢基层金属 Stainless Steel as Base Metal铜基层金属 Copper as Base Metal 黄铜基层金属 Brass as Base Metal轴承合金 Bearing Alloy 易溶合金 Fusible Alloy化学成份 Chemical Composition机械性能 Mechanical Properties 化学成份 Chemical compositionManufacturing Method 应用材料 Material Used 特点 Characteristic 用途 End Usag

25、es 材料的类型Types of materials, metals, ceramics, polymers, composites, elastomer部分材料性质复习Review of selected properties of materials, 电导率和电阻率conductivity and resistivity,热导率thermal conductivity, 应力和应变stress and strain,弹性应变elastic strain, 塑性应变plastic strain, 屈服强度yield strength, 最大抗拉强度ultimate tensile stre

26、ngth, 最大强度ultimate strength, 延展性ductility, 伸长率elongation, 断面收缩率reduction of area, 颈缩necking, 断裂强度breaking strength, 韧性toughness,硬度hardness,疲劳强度fatigue strength, 蜂窝 honeycomb, 热脆性 heat shortness,晶胞中的原子数atoms per cell, 点阵lattice, 阵点lattice point, 点阵参数lattice parameter,密排六方hexagonal close-packed, 六方晶胞h

27、exagonal unit cell,体心立方body-centered cubic, 面心立方face-centered cubic, 弥勒指数Miller indices, 晶面crystal plane, 晶系crystal system, 晶向crystal direction,相变机理Phase transformation mechanism: 成核生长相变nucleationgrowth transition, 斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition, 有序无序转变disordered-order transition, 马氏体相变martensite phas

28、e transformation，成核nucleation, 成核机理nucleation mechanism, 成核势垒nucleation barrier, 晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal, 金属组织的）基体quay, 基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix, 子晶，雏晶matted crystal, 耔晶，晶种seed crystal, 耔晶取向seed orientation, 籽晶生长seeded growth, 均质核化homogeneous nucleation, 异质核化heterogeneous nucleation, 均匀化热处理homogenizatio

29、n heat treatment, 熟料 grog,自恰场self-consistent field固溶体Solid solution: 有序固溶体ordered solid solution, 无序固溶体disordered solid solution, 有序合金ordered alloy, 无序合金disordered alloy. 无序点阵disordered lattice, 分散，扩散，弥散dispersal, 分散剂dispersant, 分散剂，添加剂dispersant additive, 分散剂， 弥散剂dispersant agent缺陷defect, imperfect

30、ion, 点缺陷point defect,线缺陷 line defect, dislocation, 面缺陷interface defect, surface defect, 体缺陷volume defect, 位错排列dislocation arrangement, 位错阵列dislocation array, 位错气团dislocation atmosphere, 位错轴dislocation axis, 位错胞dislocation cell, 位错爬移dislocation climb, 位错滑移dislocation slip, dislocation movement by sli

31、p, 位错聚结dislocation coalescence, 位错核心能量dislocation core energy, 位错裂纹dislocation crack, 位错阻尼dislocation damping, 位错密度dislocation density, 体积膨胀volume dilation, 体积收缩volume shrinkage,回火tempering, 退火annealing, 退火的，软化的softened, 软化退火，软化（处理）softening, 淬火quenching, 淬火硬化quenching hardening, 正火normalizing, norm

32、alization, 退火织构annealing texture, 人工时效artificial aging,细长比aspect ratio, 形变热处理ausforming, 等温退火austempering, 奥氏体austenite, 奥氏体化austenitizing,贝氏体bainite, 马氏体martensite, 马氏体淬火marquench, 马氏体退火martemper, 马氏体时效钢maraging steel, 渗碳体cementite, 固溶强化solid solution strengthening,钢屑混凝土steel chips concrete, 水玻璃，硅酸

33、钠sodium silicate, 水玻璃粘结剂sodium silicate binder, 硅酸钠类防水剂sodium silicate waterproofing agent,扩散diffusion, 扩散系数diffusivity, 相变phase transition, 烧结sintering, 固相反应solid-phase reaction,相图与相结构phase diagrams and phase structures , 相phase, 组分component, 自由度freedom, 相平衡phase equilibrium, 吉布斯相律Gibbs phase rule,

34、 吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy, 吉布斯混合能Gibbs energy of mixing, 吉布斯熵Gibbs entropy, 吉布斯函数Gibbs function, 相平衡phase balance, 相界phase boundary, 相界线 phase boundary line, 相界交联 phase boundary crosslinking, 相界有限交联phase boundary crosslinking, 相界反应phase boundary reaction, 相变phase change, 相组成phase composition, 共格相 pha

35、se-coherent, 金相相组织 phase constentuent, 相分布phase distribution, 相平衡常数phase equilibrium constant, 相平衡图phase equilibrium diagram, 相分离phase segregation, phase separation, 玻璃分相phase separation in glasses, 相序phase order, phase sequence, 相稳定性phase stability, 相态phase state, 相稳定区phase stabile range, 相变温度phase

36、 transition temperature, 相变压力phase transition pressure, 同质多晶转变polymorphic transformation, 相平衡条件phase equilibrium conditions, 显微结构microstructures, 不混溶固溶体immiscible solid solution, 转熔型固溶体peritectic solid solution, 低共熔体eutectoid，crystallization, 不混溶性immiscibility, 固态反应solid state reaction, 烧结sintering,

37、 相变机理Phase transformation mechanism: 成核生长相变nucleationgrowth transition, 斯宾那多分解spinodal decomposition, 有序无序转变disordered-order transition, 马氏体相变martensite phase transformation，成核nucleation, 成核机理nucleation mechanism, 成核势垒nucleation barrier, 晶核，结晶中心nucleus of crystal, （金属组织的）基体quay, 基体，基块，基质，结合剂matrix, 子晶，雏晶matted crystal, 耔晶，晶种seed crystal, 耔晶取向seed orientation, 籽晶生长seeded growth, 均质核化homogeneous nucleation, 异质核化heterogeneous nucleation, 均匀化热处理homogenization heat treatment