英美文学概况-殖民时期文学.ppt

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1、Colonial American(Early 17th Century The End of 18the Century),Chinese Confucianism,American Puritanism,The beliefs and practices characteristic of Puritans (most of whom were Calvinists who wished to purify the Church of England of its Catholic aspects),The founding fathers of America,American Puri

2、tans: the founding fathers,Self-asserted God-chosen people with a strong sense of mission to build the wilderness into a new Garden of Eden according to their own ideal as Not tolerant to dissenters: Strictness and austerity in conduct and religion Calvinists Practical idealists,A group of religious

3、 people with a particular state of mind:,John Calvin (1509 27) was an influential French theologian and pastor during the Protestant Reformation.,Puritans believed that human beings were predestined by God before they were born. Some were Gods chosen people (Gods elect 上帝的选民)while others were predes

4、tined to be damned to hell. The success of ones work or the prosperity in his calling given by God was the sign of being Gods elect. Therefore, everyone must work hard, spend little and invest for more business. Working hard and living a moral life were their ethics. They regarded Bible to be the au

5、thority of their doctrine. To be able to read the Bible and understand Gods will, education was essential for Puritans.,The shaping influence of Puritanism upon American Literature,American literature: The expression of the American Puritan bequest For the establishment of the Garden of Eden (practi

6、ce of the God-endowed mission) with the indomitable courage and confident hope, fired with a sense of mission and the spirit of optimism The inevitable outcome-the mood of frustration and despair-in the wake of the initial optimism and idealism Symbolism as part of American intellectual tradition: a

7、 metaphorical mode of perception Simplicity in writing technique,The physical phenomenal world is a symbol of God. Physical life was simultaneously spiritual; every passage of life, enmeshed in the vast context of Gods plan, possessed a delegated meaning. The world was, in a word, one of multiple si

8、gnificance.,Make me, O Lord, thy Spinning Wheele compleat; Thy Holy Worde my Distaff make for mee. Make mine Affections thy Swift Flyers neate, And make my Soule thy holy Spoole to bee. My Conversation make to be thy Reele, And reele the yarn thereon spun of thy Wheele.,Make me thy Loome then, knit

9、therein this Twine: And make thy Holy Spirit, Lord, winde quills: Then weave the Web thyselfe. The yarn is fine. Thine Ordinances make my Fulling Mills. Then dy the same in Heavenly Colours Choice, All pinkt with Varnisht Flowers of Paradise.,Huswifery,Then cloath therewith mine Understanding, Will,

10、 Affections, Judgment, Conscience, Memory; My Words and Actions, that their shine may fill My wayes with glory and thee glorify. Then mine apparell shall display before yee That I am Cloathd in Holy robes for glory.,The literary scene in Colonial America,Humble origins: personal literature in its va

11、rious forms The imitation of British literature Tradition,Colonial Authors: John Smith William Bradford John Winthrop Anne Bradstreet Edward Taylor Roger Williams Thomas Paine John Woolman Philip Freneau Charles Brown,Themes: The glory of God Westward expansion Frontier life Soul-searching Conflicts

12、 between the physical and spiritual Religious and civil freedom Indigenous Indian culture and life Indigenous scenery and life Spirit of nationalism Psychological studying,Philip Morin Freneau (January 2, 1752 December 18, 1832) was a notable American poet, nationalist, sometimes called the Poet of

13、the American Revolution.,Fair flower, that dost so comely grow, Hid in this silent, dull retreat, Untouched thy honeyd blossoms blow, Unseen thy little branches greet; . No roving foot shall crush thee here, . No busy hand provoke a tear. By Natures self in white arrayed, She bade thee shun the vulg

14、ar eye, And planted here the guardian shade, And sent soft waters murmuring by; . Thus quietly thy summer goes, . Thy days declining to repose.,Smit with those charms, that must decay, I grieve to see your future doom; They died-nor were those flowers more gay, The flowers that did in Eden bloom; .

15、Unpitying frosts, and Autumns power . Shall leave no vestige of this flower. From morning suns and evening dews At first thy little being came: If nothing once, you nothing lose, For when you die you are the same; . The space between, is but an hour, . The frail duration of a flower.,The Wild Honey-

16、Suckle,18th Century- The age of reason,Benjamin Franklin,Jonathan Edwards,Religious idealism,Levelheaded common sense,Materialism,Immaterialism,Two faceted tradition of American Puritanism,*Enlightenment: the age of reason*Newtonian concept of the universe as something mechanical *Deism,*Calvinist v

17、iew of the universe,VS.,Benjamin Franklin,The symbol of America in the age of Enlightenment; the first self-made American man to realize American dream,Jonathan Edwards,“the current of Transcendentalism, originating in the piety of the Puritans, becoming a philosophy in Jonathan Edwards, passing thr

18、ough Emerson, producing the refinement and aloofness of the chief American writers”,The Freedom of the Will The Great Doctrine of Original Sin Defended The Nature of True Virtue Personal Narrative,anticipating the nature symbolism,J. Hector St. John de Crvecur,A note of pessimism indicating the illusory nature of American dream,