高三英语it的用法课件.ppt

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1、It的用法,Its 10:08,Its lovely,It weighs only 3 kilos,Its a large sum of money, 1.it作人称代词 1.1.it的最基本用法是作人称代词，主要指刚提到的事物，以避免重复: Ningbo is a beautiful city, isnt it? 1.2.也可以指动物或婴儿(未知性别的婴儿或孩子): Is this your dog？No, it isnt. 1.3.也可指抽象事物: It was a great surprise to me when he did a thing like that 2.非人称代词it i

2、t有时并不指具体的东西，而泛指天气、时间、环境等，称为非人称的it： 2.1.指天气： It is a lovely day, isnt it?It is a bit windy.,2.2.指时间:It was nearly midnight when she came back.2.3.指环境:It was very quiet in the caf.2.4.指距离： It is half an hours walk to the city centre. 3.it的其他用法 3.1.表示谁在做某事的句子：Who is it? -Its me.Her face lighted when sh

3、e saw who it was. 3.2.用来泛泛的指某件事：So you are going to be married this time？When is it？It doesnt matter.It is a shame, isnt it?,it可用来指代前文提到的人,物或事情,也可以用来指时间,金钱,距离,天气等自然现象,基本用法:,1. S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to do sth.,The chairman thought _ necessary to invite Professor Smith to speak at the

4、 meeting.(05全国) A. that B. it C. this D. him,Sentence patterns:,B, find, possible,feel ,important ,/clause,形式宾语,2. S+ V + it + ones duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause,3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth. no use,形式宾语,I think it his duty to clean the blackboard.,Sentence patterns:, a rule,an honour

5、 , find possible S+ think + it + necessary +( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause feel important ,Sentence patterns:,形式宾语, a rule 2. S+ V + it + ones duty + ( for sb. ) to do sth. /clause an honour ,3. S + V + it + no good + doing sth. no use,I like _ in the autumn when the weather is clear and bright.(04全

6、国) A. this B. that C. it D. one,点拨:这是it作形式宾语的一种特殊用法.少数动词(如like, love, enjoy, dislike, hate, appreciate等)或包含介词的动词短语(如see to, depend on等)后接宾语从句,必须先由it担任形式宾语,再接从句.,I like (enjoy, hate) it when. I would appreciate it if see to (depend on) it that,Sentence patterns:,C,形式宾语,1. It is necessary to be prepar

7、ed for a job interview. Having the answers ready will be of great help. 2. The Foreign Minister said, “It is our hope that the two sides will work towards peace.” 3. It is known to everybody that the moon travels round the earth once every month.,形式主语,高考真题,.it的重要句型1. It is + 被强调部分 + that . 该句型是强调句型。

8、将被强调的部分放在前面，其它部分置于that之后，被强调部分可以是主语，宾语，表语或状语，强调的主语如果是人，that可以由who换用。如果把这种句型结构划掉后，应该是一个完整无缺的句子；这也是判断强调句型与其它从句的方法。 It was about 600 years ago that the first clock with a face and an hour hand was made. It was they that (who ) cleaned the classroom yesterday. It was in the street that I met her father.

9、,2. It is not until + 被强调部分 + that . 该句型也是强调句型。主要用于强凋时间状语，译成汉语直到才，可以说是 not . until . 的强调形式。 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was a famous film star. = Not until she took off her dark glasses did I realize she was a famous film star. = I didnt realize she was a famou

10、s film star until she took off her dark glasses.,3. It is clear ( obvious， true， possible， certain.) that . 该句型中it 是形式主语，真正的主语是that 引导的主语从句，常译为清楚（显然，真的，肯定）是主语从句最常见的一种结构。 It is very clear that hes round and tall like a tree. = That hes round and tall like a tree is very clear.,4. It is important ( ne

11、cessary， strange， natural.) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型；由于主句中的形容词不同，that 后的从句中要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省去，建议记住该句型中的形容词。 It is important that we (should) learn English well. It is necessary that he (should) remember these words. 5. It is said (reported， learned.) that . 该句型中的it 仍是形式主语，真正主语是that 引导的主语从

12、句；该结构常译为据说（据报道，据悉）。 It is said that he has come to Beijing. It is reported that another earth satellite has been put into orbit.,6. It is suggested ( ordered /demanded/insisted/commanded. ) that . 该句型和上一个同属一个句型，主句中的过去分词是表示请求，建议，命令等词时，that后的从句要用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should 可以省；常译为据建议；有命令） It is suggest

13、ed that the meeting ( should ) be put off. It was ordered that we ( should ) arrive there in two hours.,7. It is a pity ( a shame . ) that . 该句型中，that后的从句一般用虚拟语气（should + 动词原形），should可省去表示出乎意料，常译为竟然。没有这种意义时，则不用虚拟语气。 It is a pity that such a thing ( should ) happen in your class. 这种事竟然发生在你们班上，真是遗憾！ I

14、t is a pity that he is ill. 他生病了，真遗憾！ 8. It is time ( about time ，high time ) that . 该句型中that 后的从句应该用虚拟语气，值得注意的是 常用过去时态表示虚拟 有时也用should + 动词原形，should 不能省，常译为是（正是）的时侯 It is time that children should go to bed. = It is time that children went to bed.,9. It is the first ( second . ) time that . 该句型要和上一个

15、句型区别开来，该句型中的 that 从句不用虚拟语气，而用完成时态，。至于用什么完成时态，由主句的谓语动词的时态决定。如果是一般现在时，后面从句用现在完成时态；如果是一般过去时，后面从句则用过去完成时态，该结构中 that 可以省去；it有时用 this 替换常译为是第一（二）次。 It is the first time I have been here. = This is the first time I have been here. 10. It is . since .。 该句型主要用作处理瞬间动词的完成时，又要和表示一段时间的时间状语连用的问题，主句中是时间作表语，其时态是现在时

16、或完成时，since 引导的从句通常是一般过去时态，而且是瞬间动词。如果主句是一般过去时，从句则用过去完成时。 It is ( has been ) 5 years since his father died.,11. It is . when .。 该句型中的 when 引导的是一个时间状语从句，主句中的 it 指时间，表语由具体的时间充当，常译为当的时候，是 It was 5 oclock when he came here. 12. It be . before . 该句型主句中的 it 指时间， 主句中的时态常是将来一般时或过去时两种时态主句中的表语多是long， not long ，

17、 3 days ， 2 weeks 等表示时间段的词或短语，常译为之后。 It was 3 days before he went to Beijing. It will be not long before he finishes his job. 13. It happens (seems， appears) that. 该句型中it是形式主语，that 引导的是主语从句，主句中的happen ， seem等词是不及物动词。 It happened ( so happened ) that he met his teacher in the street. 碰巧. It seems tha

18、t he will be back in a few days. 看来,14. It takes sb. . to do sth. 该句型中的不定式是真正的主语，it是形式主语，句型中的直接宾语是时间，常译为做要花费某人。 It took thousands of people many years to build the Great Wall. 15. It is no good (use ) doing sth. 该句型中的真正主语是动名词短语，主句中的表语可以是no good ， ( not any good ) ， no use ， ( not any use )。 It is no

19、 good learning English without speaking English. 16. It doesnt matter whether ( if ) . 该句型中whether(if) 引导的从句是真正主语，该句型常译为不论（是否）没关系。It doesnt matter if they are old.,17. It is kind ( of sb. ) to do sth. 该句型中的不定式短语是真正主语，如果不定式的逻辑主语是由 of引起，主句中的形容词必须是能表示逻辑主语特征的形容词。 常见的有： bad ， brave ， careless， clever ， c

20、ruel ， foolish ， good （好心的）， honest ， horrible ， kind ， lazy ， modest ， naughty ， nice（有教养的）， polite， rude ， silly ， stupid ， wise ， wrong（错误的）等。 这个句型可以改写为：sb. is kind to do sth. 。 It is kind of you to say so. = You are kind to say so.,18. It is necessary ( for sb. ) to do sth. 该句型与上一个同属一个句型，如果不定式的逻

21、辑主语是由for引起，主句中的形容词通常是表示重要性，紧迫性，频繁程度，难易，安全等情况的形容词。 常见的形容词有： important， necessary， natural easy ， safe ， common ， normal ， hard ， difficult ， dangerous ， unusual， rare ， impossible ， pleasant等。 =在中的形容词作表语可以用从句改写， 如： It is important for her to come to the party. = It is important that she (should ) com

22、e to the party.,19. It looks ( seems ) as if . 该句型中it无意义， as if 引导一个状语从句。常译为，看起来好象如果与事实不相符合，则用虚拟语气。 It looks as if he is ill.（真的病了） It looks as if he were ill. （没有生病） It seemed as if he were dying. 20. We think it important to learn a foreign language. 该句型中的it 作形式宾语，为了记忆方便我们可称该句型为6123结构。 6指主句中常用的动词：

23、think,believe,make,find,consider,feel； 1指的是形式宾语it； 2指的是宾补的两种形式：形容词或名词； 3指的是真正宾语的三种形式：不定式短语，动名词短语或that引导的宾语从句。 We think it our duty to clean our classroom every day. He felt it important learning English well. They found it difficult that they would finish their work in two days., possible It is / wa

24、s + adj. necessary + ( for sb. ) to do sth. / clause important , ones duty It +is /was + n. ones hope + clause /( for sb. ) to do sth. an honour , said It is / was p.p. known + that-clause believed ,形式主语,在一些固定用法中考查,常见的固定用法有: make it 成功，安排在或定在某时间 forget it 别提了，忘了它吧 Dont mention it 别提了，表示不用谢 It doesnt

25、 matter 没关系 It(That) depends 视情况而定 You guessed it 你猜着了 Its hard to say 很难说 Its up to you to do sth.由你来决定做某事,Practice,It is the ability to do the job_ matters not where you come from or what you are. A. one B. that C. what D. it,It is / was + 被强调的部分 +that / who+句子其他成分,强调句型,高考真题,It was _ back home aft

26、er the experiment. A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didnt go C. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didnt go In which play is _ your brother appears? A. that where B. this when C. it that D. it where It was in the lab _ was taken charge of by Professor

27、Zhang _ they did the experiment. A. where; that B. which ; where C. that ; where D. which; that,强调句型,被强调的部分是not until引导的时间 状语,?,强调句型用于疑问句, 被强调的部分是特殊疑问词或从句引导词,?,In which play is it that?,It is that,Is it that?,I dont know in which play it is that,强调句型和各种从句,高考热点,?,Exercise Bar,The Parkers bought a new

28、 house but _ will need a lot of work before they can move in. A. they B. it C. one D. which 2. Weve been looking at houses but havent found _ we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it D. them 3. Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D.

29、those,易误辨析:,it / one / that,B,A,C,the house that the Parkers bought,a house,the air,1.Its years _(since, before, after, that) I painted this beautiful picture. 2.It will be years _(since, before, after, that) I paint this beautiful picture. 3.It was years _(since, before, after,that) I painted this

30、beautiful picture. 4.Its for years _(since, before, after, that) I have painted this beautiful picture.,易误辨析:,表示从since 从句谓语动作发生以后到现在所经过的一段时间，译为“自从.以来已多久了”,It is +时间段+since(过去时).,表示从过去某一时间到before从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间,译为“多长时间后才/就做了”,It + was + 时间段 + before(过去时),表示从现在起到before从句谓语动作发生所经过的一段时间,译为“多长时间后才会/就会做”

31、,It + will be +时间段 +before(一般现在时),_,_,_,_,Translate the following: 过了很久他才回来. 2. 我们很久后才会见面的. 3. 我离开这所学校已经很久了.,It was long before he came back.,It will be long before we meet again.,It is long since I left this school.,It is +时间段+since(过去时).,It + will be +时间段 +before(一般现在时),It + was + 时间段 + before(过去时

32、),易误辨析:,走进高考,1. (2005, 全国) The doctor advised Vesa strongly that she should take a holiday, but _ didnt help. A. it B. she C. which D. he 正确答案：A。根据句意：医生的建议未起作用。it代替整个句子。 2. (2004,全国) -Do you like_here? -Oh, yes. The air, the weather, the way of life. Everything is nice. A. this B. these C. that D. I

33、t 正确答案：D。根据下文，提问者不能确定被问者喜欢什么，it用于不确定指代或模糊指代。 3. (2000,上海) Someone is ringing the doorbell. Go and see_. A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 正确答案：D。说话时，不知道对方的性别。注意在宾语从句中需用陈述语序。,4. (2007, 全国)Have you heard the latest news? No, what _? A. is it B. is there C. are they D. are those 正确答案：

34、A。it指代上文提及的latest news。 5. (2006,全国) If I can help _, I dont like working late into the night. A. so B. that C. it D. them 正确答案：C。help是“阻止、避免”的意思，it指代下文的事情。 6. (2002,北京) -He was nearly drowned once. -When was _? -_ was in 1998 when he was in Middle School. A. that, It B. this, This C. this, It D. th

35、at, This 正确答案：A。it指时间。 7. (2005，浙江) Weve been looking at the houses but havent found _ we like yet. A. one B. ones C. it D.them 正确答案：A。表示任意一幢房子。,8.（2005，江苏）Im moving to the countryside because the air there is much fresher than _ in the city. A. ones B. one C. that D. those 正确答案：C。分析语境和逻辑关系可以知道：该空指代

36、the air，且有in the city后置定语修饰。 9. (2004,北京) The Foreign Minister said, “_ our hope that the two sides will work towards peace. A、This is B、There is C、That is D、It is 正确答案：D由句意易知：that从句是真正的主语;it为形式主语。 10. (2005,上海)_in the regulations that you should not tell other people the password of your e-mail acc

37、ount. A. What is required B. What requires C. It is required D. It requires 正确答案：C 。it为形式主语，在此结构中done为required/suggested/demanded/recommended等时，从句必须用should + 动词原形，且should可以省略。,11. (2004,上海春) It was foolish of him to _ his notes during that important test, and as a result, he got punished. A. stick t

38、o B. refer to C. keep to D. point to 正确答案：B。短语辨析题，refer to有“参考”的意思，符合句意。 12. (2006,全国) It is no _ arguing with Bill because he will never change his mind. A. use B. help C. time D. way 分析：正确答案：A。为固定结构。 13. (2007,天津)He didnt make _ clear when and where the meeting would be held. A. this B. that C. it

39、 D. these 正确答案：C。it为形式宾语，clear后的从句为真正的宾语。 14. (2006,湖南)As the busiest woman in Norton, she made _ her duty to look after all the other peoples affairs in that town. A. this B. that C. one D. it 正确答案：D。真正宾语为不定式。,15. (2005,江苏)Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York? I agree, but

40、 the problem is _ he has refused to. will not be sent; that B. not be sent; that C. should not be sent; what D. should not send; what 正确答案：B。表示“理应如此”需用should动词原形，should可以省略。在做it形式宾语和形式主语的复合句中如果从句表示的是“惊奇、惋惜或者理应如此”等含义时，需用should动词原形，should可以省略。 16、(2004,全国) I like _ in the autumn when the weather is cl

41、ear and bright. A、this B、that C、it D、one 正确答案：C。love/enjoy/hate和like的用法相同，后接宾语从句时需用it作形式宾语，宾语从句后置。,17、(2003,上海) I would appreciate it _ you call back this afternoon for the doctors appointment. A、until B、if C、when D、that 正确答案：B。 18. (1998，上海) Dont _ that all those who get good grades in the entrance

42、 examination will prove to be most successful. A. take as granted B. take this for granted C. take that for granted D. take it for granted 正确答案：D。take it for granted that 意为：想当然的认为某事。it为形式宾语，真正的宾语为that从句。另外我们也应该注意：depend(rely) on it（相信某事）和see to it（负责某事）的用法。 19. (2008,全国) It was in New Zealand _ Eli

43、zabeth first met Mr. Smith. A. that B. how C. which D. when 正确答案：A。将it was去掉句子结构完整，易知是考查it的强调句型。,20. (2004,福建) It was with great joy _ he received the news that his lost daughter had been found. A. because B. which C. since D. that 正确答案：D。 21. (1997,全国) Was it _ that I saw last night at the concert?

44、 A. you B. not you C. yourself D. that yourself 正确答案：A。强调句型的一般疑问式的基本结构为：Is/Was it+被强调部分+that将该句恢复为陈述语序，去掉It is/wasthat结构，易判断是强调you的强调句型。 22. Is _student _was caught smoking in the classroom? A. it that, that B. that it, it C. it it, that D. it which, that 正确答案：A。,23. (2004,上海) Why! I have nothing to

45、 confess. _ you want me to say? A. What is it that B. What it is that C. How is it that D. How it is that 正确答案：A。强调句型的特殊疑问式的基本结构为：wh- +is/was it that +其它成分，故选B。 24. (2005,山东)-_ that he managed to get the information? -Oh, a friend of his helped him. A. Where was it B. What was it C. How was it D. Wh

46、y was it 正确答案：C。,25. (2007,浙江) It _ we had stayed together for a couple of weeks _ I found we had a lot in common. A. was; when B. was that; that C. wasnt until; when D. wasnt until; that 正确答案：D。易判断这是考查not until的强调形式。 26. (2008，重庆) It was not until midnight _ they reached the camp site. A. that B. w

47、hen C. while D. as 正确答案：A。 27. (2007,山东)Where did you get to know her? It was on the farm _we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where 正确答案：D。答句完整形式应为：It was on the farm where we worked that I got to know her.,28. -Who made such a stupid mistake? -_Tom. A. It was B. He was C. That was D. There was

48、 正确答案：A。答句完整形式应为：It was Tom who made such a stupid mistake. 29. It was the university _ he was teaching _ sent him to America. A. which; that B. where; that C. that; which D. that; had 正确答案：B。本题是考查：it was +university + 引导的定语从句+ that。 30. (2007,陕西) It is not who is right but what is right _ is of imp

49、ortance. A. which B. it C. that D. this 正确答案：C。本题是考查强调句型和名词性从句连用。,31. (2006,辽宁) It was after he got what he had desired _ he realized it was not so important. A. that B. when C. since D. as 正确答案：A。本题是考查强调句型和状语从句连用。 32. It might have been Tom _ bought John a new pen yesterday. A. what B. since C. tha

50、t D. then 正确答案：C。去掉It might have beenthat句子仍然是完整的，所以选C。 33、(2008, 北京) Im sorry youve been waiting so long, but itll still be some time _ Brian gets back. A. before B. since C. till D. after 正确答案：A。It be + 时间 + before 表示过了一段时间才 34. (2006,福建) How long do you think it will be _ China sends a manned spa

51、ceship to the moon? -Perhaps two or three years. A. when B. until C. that D. before 正确答案：D,35、(2005,安徽) That was really a splendid evening. Its years _ I enjoyed myself so much. A. when B. that C. before D. since 正确答案：D。 36、(2006,四川) Its thirty years since we last met. -But I still remember the stor

52、y, believe it or not, _ we got lost on a rainy night. A. which B. that C. what D. when 正确答案：B。 易判断本题是考查同位语从句。 37. (2006,重庆) Isnt it time you got down to _ the papers? mark B. be marked C. being marked D. marking 正确答案：D。got down to是“开始从事”的意思，to不是不定式符号，而是介词后跟名词或者-ing形式。,38. (2005,安徽) -Shall we go to t

53、he art exhibition right away? -_. A. Its your opinion B. I dont mind C. It all up to you D. Thats your decision 39、(2006,湖北) You know who came yesterday? -Yao Ming? We had s basketball match. -_ He came and watched the game. A. You guessed it! B. How did you know that? C. Well done! D. That was good

54、 news! 正确答案：A。由具体语境易做出正确选择。 40. (2008,天津) How much do I own you for lunch? -_. Its nothing. A. Youre welcome B. Forget it C. With pleasure D. Thats all right 正确答案：B 。,The Usage of “it”,基本用法,常见用法 特殊用法,三个考点,三个句型,三个句型,三个替代词 三个it 后接时间段的句型,易误辨析,强调句型,形式主语,形式宾语,Summary,Homework,1.Collect as many phrases and the sentence patterns including “it” as you can . 2.Finish the exercises on your piece of paper.,Thank you,