英语语法专题倒装讲义和练习及答案

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1、英语语法专题 倒 装 讲义和练习及答案英语的基本语序是“主语+谓语”，如果将谓语的一部分或全部放在主语之前，这种语序叫倒装。倒装既是一种语法手段，也是一种修辞手段，用于表示一定的句子结构或强调某一句子成分。倒转句的考查主要从以下几个方面入手：1） 含有否定意味的词置于句首，部分倒装；2）only状语/状语从句置于句首，部分倒装；3）so/suchthat句型中，so形容词/副词提前，部分倒装；4）表示方位的副词或介词短语放在句首，要完全倒装。一 倒装的原因A 语法倒装由于语法结构的需要，将谓语的全部或一部分移到主语之前。 1 一般疑问句 当我们把一个肯定句转变为疑问句时，常把肯定句中的助动词或

2、情态动词放在句首。这类助动词或情态动词包括：be， have， can， do， shall， will， may， must， dare， need， ought或 used 等。 He will do it. Will he do it？ 他会做这件事吗？ This is my mobile phone number. Is this your mobile phone number？ 这是你的手机号码吗？ 提示： 如果肯定句中没有助动词或情态动词时， 我们可以在句首用do 的某种形式，以构成倒装语序。 Jack likes to eat fish. 杰克喜欢吃鱼。 Does Jack l

3、ike to eat fish 杰克喜欢吃鱼吗？ 2 特殊疑问句 特殊疑问句的构成：特殊疑问词 + 一般疑问句 What does he like to eat 他喜欢吃什么？ When will they go to the Great Wall 他们什么时候去长城？ Where did you go last night 昨晚你去哪里了？ 提示：如果疑问代词在句中做主语，句子不要倒装。 Who is not coming to dinner tonight 今晚谁不来吃饭？ 3. 反意问句 在反意问句中，用一般疑问句的形式，前后两分句的主语，人称要一致。前一分句是肯定，反意问句用否定形式，

4、并一定要缩写；前一分句是否定, 反意问句用肯定形式。 Everything is ready, isnt it 一切都准备好了，是吗？ Bobbie seldom got drunk, did he 博比很少喝醉，是吗？ You had a wonderful time last night, didnt you 昨天晚上你玩得很愉快，是吗？ 4感叹句 英语中的感叹句有时也通过倒装的形式来表达。 Here comes Santa Clause! 圣诞老人来啦！（谓语前置） What bad manners they have! 他们真没礼貌！（宾语前置） How happy the child

5、ren are！孩子们多么幸福啊！（表语前置） 5. 某些含有“really”意义的简短表达，也用倒装语序，但它们并不需要任何回答。 - Elsa saw a snake last night. 埃尔莎昨天晚上看到一条蛇。 - Did she 真的吗？ - Our new boss is very easygoing. 我们的新老板人很随和。 - Is he 是吗？ - Philip has already finished his report. 菲利普已经完成了他的报告。 - Has he 真的吗？ 6以引导词there引起的陈述句 There was nobody in the room

6、. 房间里没有人。 In the valley there lies a river. 山谷里有一条河。 There is no harm in trying. 不妨一试。 7虚拟条件句 在虚拟语气中，如果不用if，且从句中有were, had, should等助动词，需将助动词were, had, should放在句首，用倒装语序。 If I were a bird, I could fly freely. Were I a bird, I could fly freely. 假如我是一只小鸟，我就能自由翱翔。 If I had known it earlier, I would have

7、lent him the money. Had I known it earlier, I wouldnt have lent him the money. 要是我早知道这件事，我就不会把钱借给他了 表示祝愿的一些句子 Long live peace! 和平万岁！ May our friendship be ever lasting! 愿我们的友谊长存！ 8直接引语的一部分或全部放在句首时，主句倒装。但是主语为代词时不倒装。 “You had better stay at home,” she said. You should have been here five minutes ago,

8、said the teacher. 老师说：“你5分钟之前就该来了。” Douglas, said the teacher, do be careful next time.“道格拉斯，”老师说道，“下次一定要小心。” B. 修辞倒装 为了突出重要的内容，或为了生动地描写动作，人们往往采用修辞倒装。 1为了强调 Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。 Only in this way can we learn English well. 只有用这种方法，我们才能学好英语。 Selfish does our life ma

9、ke us students. 是生活把我们的学生变得如此自私。 2为了生动流畅 Up went the rocket into the sky. 嗖的一声火箭上了天。 Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 我们面前有很多困难。 Happy are those who are contented. 知足者常乐。 Next came a man in his forties. 接下去进来一个四十多岁的男人。 Long did we wait before hearing from her. 我们等了很久才收到她的信。 C. 一些句型的固定用法 Such wer

10、e his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。 Hardly had I got home when the telephone rang. 我一到家，电话就响了。 How came it that she knew the secret 她怎么会知道那个秘密的？ 二 倒装的种类 英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。如果将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，这称之为完全倒装。如果只将助动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，这称之为部分倒装。 A. 完全倒装 完全倒装是将谓语的全部放在主语之前，此结构通常只用于一般现在时和一般过去时两种。 On her left

11、sat her husband. 她左边坐着她丈夫。 Here is the book you want. 你要的书在这儿。 Down went the small boat. 小船沉下去了。 B. 部分倒装 部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分，如助动词或情态动词，移至主语之前。 Only by working hard can one succeed. 只有努力才能成功。 Never have I seen her before. 我以前没见过她。 提示：如果句中的谓语没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。 Well do I remember the d

12、ay I joined the League.入团的那一天，我记忆犹新。 Little did I think that he could be back alive 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。 二 常见的倒装结构倒装句用法一览表分类倒装条件句型结构例句完全倒装There be句型There are many students in our school.表地点的介词短语置于句首：地点状语+谓语(be, lie, sit等)+主语Near the river is/stands a pine tree.here, there, now, then(只用过去式), up, down, away,

13、 out等副词位于句首Out rushed the boy.Then came the teacher.直接引语的一部分或全部位于句首，主句倒装。结构：“ ,” said/asked sb.“You had better stay at home,” said my mother.强调表语，置于句首，或为保持句子平衡Fastened to the pole is the national flag.We saw a house, in front of which stood a tall tree.部分倒装主谓宾结构的一般疑问句和特殊疑问句Have you finished your hom

14、ework?/ Why did you buy it?seldom, never, little, hardly, nowhere, by no means, in no time等表否定意义的副词或短语置于句首。Seldom does he watch TV.By no means will I give up trying.Only +状语置于句首Only when you have grown up can you understand your parents.not onlybut also连接并列的句子，前倒后不倒Not only does he do well in study,

15、 but also he is ready to help others.neithernor连接并列的句子，前后都倒Neither do I know it, nor do I care about it.so/suchthat中such/so的修饰成分置于句首时前倒后不倒So fast did he speak that I didnt follow him./Such good players are they that they often win.as引导的让步状语从句Child as he is, he knows a lot.so, neither或nor表示前句内容也适用于另外

16、的人或事He can play the piano. So can I .we didnt win. Neither did they.表示祝愿的祈使句May you have a good trip.省略if的虚拟条件句：结构：Were/Had/Should+主语+谓语动词 Were I you, I would not do it this way.A. 常见的完全倒装结构 1there be 句型。 There is a mobile phone and some books on the desk. 桌上有一个手机和一些书。 There are thousands of people

17、gathering on the square. 广场上聚集着成千上万的人 注意 引导词there 还可以接appear, exist, lie, remain, seem, stand, live 等词。 There lived an old fisherman in the village. 村里住着一位老渔夫。 There stand two white houses by the river. 河滨矗立着两座白房子。 There existed some doubt among the students. 学生中有些怀疑。 2用于“here, there, now, thus, the

18、n + 谓语动词 + 主语（名词）”的句型中（谓语动词多为be, go, come等）。注意 then(只用于过去式)： Here comes the bus汽车来了。 There goes the bell. 铃响了。 Now comes my turn. 轮到我了。 Then came the order to take off. 起飞的命令到了。 3以out, in, up, down, off, away等副词开头，谓语动词是表示“移动”的go, come, leave等句子里。 Away went the crowd one by one. 人们一个一个地离去。 In came a

19、stranger in black. 进来了一位穿黑衣的陌生人。 Down fell the leaves. 树叶掉了下来。注意在完全倒装的结构里,如果主语是人称代词,则用正常语序（不倒装）。例如：Out he rushed. Out she went. 她走了。 Here we are. 我们到了。 4表示地点的介词词组位于句首，谓语动词是表示“存在”之意的be, lie, stand, exist，live, seem to be等。 South of the lake lies a big supermarket. 湖泊的南边是一个大超市。 20 miles east of our sc

20、hool lies a modern swimming pool. 我们学校向东20英里有一个现代化的游泳池。 On the floor were piles of old books, magazines and newspapers. 地板上是一堆堆旧的书报杂志。 5. “表语+连系动词+主语”结构。 Lucky is she who was admitted to a famous university last year. 她很幸运，去年被一所名牌大学录取。 Gone are the days when he was looked down upon. 他被人看不起的日子一去不复返了。

21、 Present at the meeting are some well-known scientists. 一些知名的科学家出席了会议。B. 常见的部分倒装结构 1. 含有否定意义的副词或连词（如not, seldom, little, hardly, never, rarely, nowhere等）放在句首时。 He can not speak a single word of English. Not a single word of English can he speak. 他连一个英语单词都不会说。 He cares little about his clothes. Littl

22、e does he care about his clothes. 他不在乎穿着。 I have never seen him before.Never have I seen him before.Never before have I seen him. 我以前没见过他。 The mother didnt leave the room until the child fell asleep. Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room. 孩子睡着了，妈妈才离开房间。(Not until引出的主从复合句中，主句倒

23、装，从句不倒装。) Churchill was not only a statesman, but a poet Not only was Churchill a statesman, but a poet. 丘吉尔不仅是个政治家，而且还是个诗人。 I shall by no means give up. By no means shall I give up. 我决不放弃。 必背：表示“刚就”的倒装结构 Hardly had he started to leave when it began to rain. 他刚要离开，天就下起了雨。 Scarcely had he sat down wh

24、en his mobile phone rang. 他刚坐下，手机就响了。 No sooner had he handed in his paper than he realized his mistakes. 他刚交卷就意识到出错了。 2. 副词only +状语放在句首时。 Only then did I see life was not easy. 只有那时我才知道生活是不易的。 Only in this way can you use the computer well. 只有用这种方法你才能把电脑学好。 Only when he is seriously ill does he eve

25、r stay in bed. 只有他病重时，他才待在床上。（only+状语从句，从句不倒装，主句倒装） 3. so作“也”讲时，引导的句子用倒装语序，表示前面所说的肯定情况也适用于另一人(或物)。其句型是：So + be（have，助动词或情态动词）+主语。 She has been to Tokyo. So have I. 她去过东京，我也去过。 He can send emails to his former classmates. So can she. 他能电子邮件给以前的同学，她也能。 He went to the film last night. So did I. 昨天晚上他去看

26、电影了，我也去了。 注意：主语与前句相同，表赞同, 译为“确实如此”。如果对前面所说的内容，加以肯定，或不作“也”讲而只起连词作用，表示一种结果的意思，那不倒装。 - Jack won the first prize in the contest. 杰克在比赛中获一等奖。 - So he did. 确实是的。 - It is cold today. 今天很冷。 - So it is and so was it yesterday. 确实是很冷，昨天也很冷。 His mother told him to go to the film. - So he did. 他母亲叫他去看电影，他就去了。 4

27、Neither/nor引导的句子用倒装语序，用于对前面所说的否定内容表示同样的看法。 She wont go. Neither/Nor will I. 她不走，我也不。 I cannot swim. Neither can he. 我不会游泳，他也不会。 注意：如果前面所说的内容既有肯定又有否定（表示前句内容也适用于另外的人或事），或前后的谓语动词形式不一致时（前句如果列举了两种事实以上），用“It is the same with +主语”结构或用“So it is with +主语”结构（即用 “So it is/was with sb/sth.”回答）。 -Tom is kind and

28、 often helps those in trouble. -So it is with his father. He worked hard, but didnt pass the exam. So it was with his sister. 他很努力，但没有通过考试。他妹妹也是这样。（既有肯定又有否定） She is a teacher and she enjoys teaching. So it is with Mr. Li. 她是老师，热爱教书。李先生也是这样。（谓语一个是系动词，一个是行为动词） 5. “so.that.和“such.that.”结构中的so或such位于句首时

29、。 He was so excited that he could not say a word. So excited was he that he could not say a word. 他如此激动以至于一句话都说不出来。 His anger was such that he lost control of himself. Such was his anger that he lost control of himself. 他是如此地生气，以至于他不能控制自己了。 6一些表示频率的副词（如many a time, often等）位于句首时。 I have seen her taki

30、ng a walk alone many a time. Many a time have I seen her taking a walk alone. 我多次看到她独自一人在散步。 She often came to my house in the past. Often did she come to my house in the past. 过去她常到我家来。 7表示方式、程度的副词位于句首时。 Well do I remember the day when I joined the League. 我对入团的那一天还记忆犹新。 Gladly would I accept your

31、proposal. 我很高兴接受你的建议。 8非谓语动词 + be + 主语。 Covering much of the earths surface is a blanket of water. 覆盖地球大部分表面的是水。 Also discussed were the problems we had met with in our studies. 同时还讨论了我们在学习中碰到的问题。 First to unfold was the map of the world. 首先要打开的是世界地图。B 常见的其他形式的倒装结构 1宾语位于句首表示强调 The past one can know,

32、 but the future one can only feel. 一个人可以明知过去，但只能感悟未来。 What Julia did I cannot imagine. 我想象不出朱莉娅做了什么。 2the .more. the more .结构中的倒装 The harder you work, the happier you feel. 你越努力工作，就越觉得快乐。（表语提前） The more you study, the more you know. 你学得越多，就明白越多。（宾语提前） 提示： 有时从句倒装，主句不倒装。 I like the painting better the

33、 more I look at it. 我越看这幅画，就越喜欢它。 3As/though 引导的让步状语从句中的倒装 表语提前，构成倒装。 Though she is very pretty, she is not clever. Pretty though she is, she is not clever虽然她很漂亮，但是她不聪明。 Although it may appear strange, it is true. Disabled as he was, he tried his best to serve the people. 虽然他残疾了，但他仍尽力为人民服务。 Although

34、 he is a child, he speaks fluent English. Child as he is, he speaks fluent English. 虽然他是个孩子，但能讲流利的英语。（名词单数前不用不定冠词a） Though he is the shortest, he is the richest of the three. Shortest as he is, he is the richest of the three. 虽然他是三个人中最矮的，却是最富有的。（形容词最高级前去定冠词the） 动词提前，构成倒装。 Though they searched, they

35、could not find anything in the house. Search as they did , they could not find anything in the house. 虽然他们搜遍了，却没在房子里找到任何东西。 Though I failed, I would try again. Fail as I did, I would try again. 尽管我失败了，但我还要再试。 Though she may try again, she wont pass it. Try as she may, she wont pass it.尽管愿意再试，她还是不会通过

36、的。 副词提前，构成倒装。 Though he tried hard, he couldnt pass the exam. Hard as he tried, he couldnt pass the exam. 尽管他努力了，他还没有通过考试。 Though I listened attentively, I still couldnt understand what he said at the meeting. Attentively as I listened, I still couldnt understand what he said at the meeting. 尽管我专心听了

37、，我还是不懂他在会议上说的话。 Though he ran the fastest, he still didnt catch the train. Fastest as he ran, he still didnt catch the train. 尽管他跑得最快，仍没有赶上火车。（副词最高级前不用定冠词the） 4一些习惯说法使用倒装语序。 How goes it with you 你好吗？ What care I 管我什么事？ What matters it 这有什么关系？口诀: 副词开头要倒装，人称代词则如常。 only修饰副介状，位于句首半倒装。 否定意义副连词，即“不也不”需倒装。

38、 such代词做表语，引起主谓要倒装。 Not only开头句，前一分句须倒装。 had, were, should虚拟句，省略if半倒装。倒 装 练习1. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didnt realizeD. I realized2. Only by practising a few hours every day _ be able to master the language.A. you canB. can youC. y

39、ou willD. will you3. If you dont go, neither _.A. shall IB. do IC. I doD. I shall4. No sooner _ to the station _ the train left.A. had I got, whenB. I had got, thanC. had I got, thanD. did I get, when5. - Your father is very strict with you.- _. He never lets off a single mistake of oursA. So he isB

40、. So is heC. He is soD. So does he6. _ today, he would get there by Sunday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave7. Never in my life _ such a thing.A. I have heard or have seenB. have I heard or seenC. I have heard or seenD. did I hear or see8. - Here _! Where is Xiao Li

41、u?- There _. A. comes the bus, is he B. comes the bus, he isC. the bus comes, is heD. the bus comes, he is9. _ , I will not buy it.A. Much as do I like itB. As much I like itC. Much as I like it D. As I like it much10. - I like football. I dont like volleyball.- _.A. So do IB. Neither do IC. So it i

42、s with meD. So is it with me11._ the expense, I _ to Italy.A. If it were not, goB. Were it not for, would go C. Werent it for, will goD. If it hadnt been, would have gone12. So _ in the darkness that he didn t dare to move an inch.A. he was frightened B. was he frightenedC. frightened he was D. frig

43、htened was he13.In modem times, girls like beautiful clothes. Yes, _ and boys. After all, our life has greatly improved.A. so do they; so do youB. so they do; so you do C. so do they; so you doD. so they do; so do you14.You have an English class every day except Sunday. - _.A. So we have B. So we do

44、C. So have we D. So do we15. I wonder if your wife will go to the ball. If your wife _, so _ mine.A. does; will B.will; doesC.will; would D.does; do16. Only after I read the text over again _ its main idea.A. that I knew B.did I knewC. 1 could know D. I did know17.You seem to have learned all the En

45、glish words by heart. - .A.So I do B.So do IC. So I have D. So have I18. I seldom watch TV, but listen to the radio a lot.A. So do I B. Neither do IC. Im the same D. So it is with me19. So excited _ that he couldnt say a word.A. he seemed B. did he seemC. was he seeming D. he did look20. Jimmy was s

46、o nervous not a single word _ down in the dictation.A. he wrote B. he was writtenC. did he write D. was he written21. Little _ when 1 took the trip where it would lead me.A. have I known B. had I known C. do I know D. did I know22. Have you ever seen anything like that before? _.A. No, I never have

47、seen anything like that before B. No, never I have seen anything like that beforeC. No, never have I seen anything like that before D. No, I have seen anything like that before never23. _ , I would accept the invitation and go to the party.A. Were I you B. Was I youC. Had I been you D. Would 1 be yo

48、u24. You should work less _.A. and neither should IB. and so should I C. and nor should I D. and so I should25. _ and caught the mouse.A. Up the cat jumped B. The cat up jumpedC. Up jumped the cat D. Jumped up the cat26. Not only _ a promise, but also he kept it. A. did he make B. he madeC. does he

49、make D. has he made27. His uncle is a worker and has been working in the factory for more than ten years. _.A. So is his auntB. So has his auntC. So his aunt doesD. So it is with his aunt28. Not once _ their plan. A. did they change B. they changedC. changed they D. they did change29.Do you know Jim

50、 quarreled with his brother?I dont know, and _ .A. nor dont I care B. nor do I careC. I dont care neither D. I dont care also30. Not until he arrived home _ he find that this wallet had been stolen. A. did B. wouldC. when D. that31. This is one of the oldest trees in the world. _ such a big tree.A.

51、Never I have seenB. I havent never seenC. Never have I seenD. I have seen never32. Nowhere else in the world _ cheaper tailoring（裁缝业, 成衣业）than in Hong Kong.A. a tourist can find B. can a tourist findC. a tourist will find D. a tourist has found33. _ succeed in doing anything.A. Only by working hard

52、we canB. By only working hard we canC. Only we can by working hardD. Only by working hard can we34. _ that we all went out, lying in the sun.A. So fine was the weatherB. So was the fine weatherC. The weather was so fine wasD. So the weather was tine35. _ a nice man _ that we all believe him.A. So; d

53、id he seem B. So; he seemedC. Such; he seemed D. Such; did he seem36. You seem to be an actor._. I have played many parts in a lot of films.A. So do IB. So am IC. So I doD. So I am37. Not only_ working hard, but also _ very polite.A. the boy is; he is B. is the boy; he isC. the boy is; is he D. is t

54、he boy; is he38. _ , he never seems able to do the work beautifully.A. Try as he does B. As he tries C. Try as does he D. As try he does39.I cannot see the picture well from here. _.A. Neither can t I B. Neither I canC. I cant neither D. Neither can I40. You ought to have given them some advice _, b

55、ut who cared what I asked?A. So ought you B. So 1 oughtC. So it was D. So I did41. So carelessly _ that he almost killed himself.A. he drives B. does he driveC. did he drive D. he drove42. Little _ about his own health though he was very ill.A. he caredB. did he careC. he caresD. does he care43. Wel

56、l _ know him and well _ know me.A. I did; he did B. did I; he didC. did I; did he D. I did; did he44. No sooner _ they rushed out into the street.A. did they hear the news thanB. did they hear the news whenC. had they heard the news thanD. had they heard the news when45. Little wonder _ up their han

57、ds in dismay.A. have some thrown B. some have thrownC. thrown some have D. have thrown some46. _ , he would have passed the exam.A. If he were to studyB. If he studied hard C. Had he studied hard D. Should he study hard47. We were lucky enough, for no sooner _ home _ it rained.A. we returned; andB.

58、we had returned; whenC.did we return; whenD. had we returned; than48. So little _ agree on the plan that they could not settle their difference.A. did they B. do theyC. they did D. they did not49. _ he realized it was too late to return home.A. No sooner it grew dark thanB. Hardly did it grow dark w

59、henC. It was not until dark thatD. It was until dark that倒 装 练习 含答案1. Not until I began to work _ how much time I had wasted.A. didnt I realizeB. did I realizeC. I didnt realizeD. I realized2. Only by practising a few hours every day _ be able to master the language.A. you canB. can youC. you willD.

60、 will you3. If you dont go, neither _.A. shall IB. do IC. I doD. I shall4. No sooner _ to the station _ the train left.A. had I got, whenB. I had got, thanC. had I got, thanD. did I get, when5. - Your father is very strict with you.- _. He never lets off a single mistake of oursA. So he isB. So is heC. He is soD. So does he6. _ today, he would get there by Sunday.A. Would he leaveB. Was he leavingC. Were he to leaveD. If he leave7. Never in my life _ such a thing.A. I have heard or have seenB. have I hear