工程管理专业英语

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1、工程管理专业英语工程管理专业英语Specialized English for Construction Management 莫懿懿莫懿懿Email:myy_什么是专业英语？普通英语普通英语(Common or Ordinal English)通用、普遍的通用、普遍的基础词汇以及听说读写基础词汇以及听说读写科技英语科技英语(English for Science and Technology)专业英语专业英语(English for Special Science and Technology)隶属于科技英语隶属于科技英语 是科技英语的一部分，以表达科技概念是科技英语的一部分，以表达科技概念

2、、理论与事实为主要目的。遵守科技英语的语法体系和翻、理论与事实为主要目的。遵守科技英语的语法体系和翻译方法，特别注意客观事实和真理，译方法，特别注意客观事实和真理，表达准确表达准确(accuracy)、精炼、精炼(conciseness)和和正式正式(formal)。是是结合各自专业的科技英语结合各自专业的科技英语 有很强的专业性、涉及的面有很强的专业性、涉及的面更加狭窄，与专业内容配合更为密切。更加狭窄，与专业内容配合更为密切。专业英语与科技英语专业英语与科技英语既有区别又有联系既有区别又有联系，专业英语的学习，专业英语的学习需要有一个良好的需要有一个良好的科技英语基础科技英语基础，同时也要

3、注意其自身的，同时也要注意其自身的词汇特点，语法特点、修饰特点词汇特点，语法特点、修饰特点和和翻译特点翻译特点等等。等等。学习本课程的目的(Main purpose)Based on the existing knowledge of Construction Management and English,through the course,you will be able to:Expand the vocabulary of Specialized English for Construction Management Improve the ability to read and un

4、derstand English Journals/Papers for Construction Management Improve the ability of Specialized English-Chinese translation for Construction Management.学习要求 遵守上课纪律，不要迟到、早退 授课方式：朗读专业单词、翻译、小组讨论 考核方式：出勤+随堂练习+期末PPT 成绩评定：平时成绩30%+考试成绩70%相互沟通Unit 1 Types of Construction Project 建筑项目的类型Words and Expressioni

5、ntersect vi.相交，交叉，横断take shape 成形，形成，具体化，体现refinery n.精炼厂，炼制厂intimately adv.密切地transcend vt.超过，胜过in large measure 在很大程度上，大部分high-rise n.高楼，大厦condominium n.共管，共有房产town house n.市内住宅，城内住宅Unit 1 Types of Construction Project 建筑项目的类型Field-labor-intensive 现场劳动密集型的Account for 占，说明Fiscal 财政的Skyscraper 摩天大楼S

6、ophistication 老于世故，老练，复杂Oligopoly 垄断，求过于供Footpath 人行道，小路Pipeline 管道，管线Earthmover 重型推土机Crane 起重机Unit 1 Types of Construction Project 建筑项目的类型Warm Up Questions1.Why is residential construction industry dominated by large numbers of very small firms?2.Give some examples of project types of that office a

7、nd commercial building construction may encompass.3.What are the major distinctions of heavy construction compared to office and commercial building and residential housing construction?4.What are the major distinctions of industrial construction in contrast with the basic materials characteristic o

8、f heavy engineering construction?Unit 1 Types of Construction Project 建筑项目的类型 human endeavor 人类活动人类活动 Educational philosophies and practices take shape in the architecture of schools and colleges,while governments and corporation express their“images”with structures that house their offices and prod

9、uction facilities.教育理念和实践在学校建筑中得以教育理念和实践在学校建筑中得以体现体现，而政府与企业则通过，而政府与企业则通过容纳容纳其其办公室和生产设备的建筑物来体现他们的办公室和生产设备的建筑物来体现他们的“形象形象”。It is difficult,if not impossible(=if possible 如果可能的话如果可能的话),to categorize neatly so great a spectrum of project.if not impossible 双重否定表示强烈肯定，否定句型表达肯定句型。双重否定表示强烈肯定，否定句型表达肯定句型。a sp

10、ectrum of n.系列，范围系列，范围 frustrate vt.阻碍，挫败阻碍，挫败 arbitrary adj.武断的，主观的武断的，主观的 transcend the boundary 超越超越边界边界 outnumber vt.在数量上超过在数量上超过 parallel vt.与与相似，类似相似，类似Unit 1 Types of Construction Project 建筑项目的类型 The latter(condominium),in particular,are technologically less closely related to residences than

11、 to the following description of nonresidential building construction and are sometimes incorporated as part of multipurpose commercial development.尤其是后者，即尤其是后者，即共管式住宅共管式住宅,它们与住宅的技术关联性它们与住宅的技术关联性不如不如以下描述以下描述的非住宅类建筑那样的非住宅类建筑那样密切相关（密切相关（be closely related to），有时被合并，有时被合并为多功能商业发展的一部分。为多功能商业发展的一部分。There

12、 are a few very large firms,but as a rule the low capital and technology requirements in this sector of the industry means that it is characterized(以以为特征为特征)by large quantities of very small firms.有一些大型企业，但是有一些大型企业，但是通常（一般）通常（一般）由于该行业较低的资金和技术要由于该行业较低的资金和技术要求，占主导地位的还是大量小型企业。求，占主导地位的还是大量小型企业。among oth

13、er things 除此之外，除了别的以外除此之外，除了别的以外 business failure 经营失败经营失败 independent contractor 独立承包商独立承包商 developer-builder 开发开发-建造商建造商Unit 1 Types of Construction Project 建筑项目的类型 mass production 批量生产批量生产 the financing of constructed facilities 兴建设施的兴建设施的融资融资 general contractor 总承包商总承包商 be specialized in 专门从事于专门

14、从事于 labor-and-material intensive 劳动力与材料密集型劳动力与材料密集型 speculative housing 投机性住投机性住 oligopoly 垄断，求过于供垄断，求过于供 interstate adj.【主美主美】州与州之间的州与州之间的 utilitarian structure 功利性功利性（实用性）的结构（实用性）的结构 publicly financed 公共资金公共资金 under contract with 根据合同与根据合同与 competitive open bidding 竞争性竞争性公开招标公开招标Unit 1 Types of Co

15、nstruction Project 建筑项目的类型 dominate vt.在在占主要地位，支配占主要地位，支配 and typically all phase of the project are handled by the same firm on a negotiated design-construct or“turnkey”contractual arrangement,with considerable overlap between design,procurement,and construction.通常项目各阶段的工作由同一企业依据通常项目各阶段的工作由同一企业依据谈判

16、的设计建造谈判的设计建造或或交钥匙合交钥匙合同安排同安排来来承担承担，因而设计、采购与施工各工作之间有相当多的重叠。，因而设计、采购与施工各工作之间有相当多的重叠。key patent 核心专利核心专利 privately financed 私人融资私人融资 hoisting and material-handling equipment 起重和材料处理设备起重和材料处理设备开心连线Single-family homeGarden apartmentRecreational facilitiesRetail chain storesMultiunit town house WarehouseL

17、ight manufacturing plantSkyscraper CondominiumHigh-rise apartment多单元城内住宅独户住宅花园式住宅仓库共管式建筑娱乐场所摩天大楼高层公寓零售连锁店轻工制造厂房英汉互译 Earthmover Crane Truck Turnkey contractual arrangement Fossil-fuel Professional consultant Urban rapid transit system Disposal system Power line 土方土方 岩石岩石 钢材钢材 混凝土混凝土 木材木材 管道管道 开发建造商开发

18、建造商 分包商分包商 商业用房建设商业用房建设 业主业主 设备密集型设备密集型Listening Practice:Yours 2012Vocabulary Curator 管理人员，馆长管理人员，馆长 Split it up into 裂开，分裂裂开，分裂 Archive n.档案馆，资料库，文件档案馆，资料库，文件 Archaeology 考古学考古学 Vibrant 明亮的，色彩鲜艳的，充满生机的明亮的，色彩鲜艳的，充满生机的 Perimeter 周围，周边，边界周围，周边，边界 Spiral 螺旋（形），螺线螺旋（形），螺线Yours 2012Listen to the video a

19、nd please answer the questions below1.How many categories is the exhibition split up into?2.How much has been spent on removing waste from the site?3.How many seats are there in the main Olympic Stadium?4.What material has used to make up the View Tube?Unit 2 Emerging Role of Management in Civil Eng

20、ineering 管理对土木工程的重要性 standalone adj.独立的，单独独立的，单独 A logical question is how are these managers,who requires business skills,developed from a pool of civil engineers who are trained as technical experts?who requires business skills 定语从句修饰定语从句修饰 these managers;who are trained as technical experts?修饰修饰

21、a pool of civil engineers a pool of 大量的，众多的大量的，众多的 On-the-job training 在职训练，岗位训练在职训练，岗位训练 Training in-house 机构内部进行的训练，内部训练机构内部进行的训练，内部训练 This is confirmed by the fact that 这个事实已经被证实这个事实已经被证实(引导同位引导同位语从句，语从句，补充说明补充说明fact的内容的内容)Home office 公司总部公司总部 Well-honed 技巧纯熟的技巧纯熟的Unit 2 Emerging Role of Manageme

22、nt in Civil Engineering 管理对土木工程的重要性 The local manager is frequently required by the client to have power to attorney,to ensure that all agreements made in the field are legally binding.客户常常要求当地的经理具客户常常要求当地的经理具有有代理人代理人的的权限权限，以确保现场签订的所有，以确保现场签订的所有协议都具有协议都具有法律约束力法律约束力。To illustrate the additional skill

23、s required of a project manager,take the case where a company has submitted its qualifications and has been invited to submit a technical and financial proposal for designing a highway before the time stipulated.“to illustrate”引导一个目的状语，引导一个目的状语，可以可以举例举例说明一个项目经理所需要的额外的技能，例如一个公司已经说明一个项目经理所需要的额外的技能，例如一

24、个公司已经提交了它们的资质合格证，并被邀请在提交了它们的资质合格证，并被邀请在规定时间规定时间内提交一份设计一条内提交一份设计一条高速公路的技术与财务高速公路的技术与财务计划书计划书。adversarial relationship n.敌对关系，不良关系敌对关系，不良关系 boring n.钻孔钻孔Unit 2 Emerging Role of Management in Civil Engineering 管理对土木工程的重要性 When local firms insist that they only participate as a join-venture partner,the

25、project managers problems increase because the local firms normally can not provide a performance bond,liability insurance,or even a meaningful set of accounts that would establish their true salary costs and overhead.在当地公司坚持它们只能以在当地公司坚持它们只能以合资合资伙伴参与，项目经理面临的问题就增伙伴参与，项目经理面临的问题就增加了，因为当地公司通常不能提供一份加了，因为

26、当地公司通常不能提供一份履约保证金履约保证金、责任保险责任保险或者甚或者甚至是一套有意义的能建立它们真正的工资成本和至是一套有意义的能建立它们真正的工资成本和日常开支日常开支的账户。的账户。In summary,the present paper is intended to show总之，本文旨总之，本文旨在说明在说明 accelerate vt.加速加速,促进，增加促进，增加 command vt.赢得，拥有，掌握赢得，拥有，掌握 appreciably ad.明显的，可觉察到，相当的明显的，可觉察到，相当的Unit 2 Emerging Role of Management in Civ

27、il Engineering 管理对土木工程的重要性Comprehension ExercisesPlease answer the following questions briefly.1.Why are managerial skills highly demanded in civil engineering?2.What are the main subjects one should learn in order to get MPM(Masters in Project Management)?3.Why is it necessary to provide a local ma

28、nager?What kind of qualities should he/she possess?4.Besides the normal civil engineering training,what is a modern civil engineer required to know?Unit 2 Emerging Role of Management in Civil Engineering 管理对土木工程的重要性Academic Writing Exercise During the past two decades/ten years,XXX have grown substa

29、ntially/decreased increasingly/increased dramatically in.XXX have become more and more important/less important/crucial because XXX is extremely crucial/important to.在过去的在过去的20年年/10年里，年里，?大幅度增长大幅度增长/减少，因为减少，因为?变得越来越重变得越来越重要要/不重要不重要由于由于?变得非常重要变得非常重要Unite 3 what is Project Management 何为项目管理 While the

30、relevant technology,institutional arrangement or process will differ,the management of such projects has much in common with the management of similar types of projects in other specialty or technology domains such as aerospace,pharmaceutical and energy developments.尽管相关的技术，组织机构的设置和进程不一样，但是建设项目的管尽管相

31、关的技术，组织机构的设置和进程不一样，但是建设项目的管理与其他专业技术领域的项目，例如航天，医药和能源发展，在管理理与其他专业技术领域的项目，例如航天，医药和能源发展，在管理上仍然上仍然有许多共同之处有许多共同之处。Generally,project management is distinguished from the general management of corporation by the mission-oriented nature of a project.一般而言，工程项目管理一般而言，工程项目管理有别于有别于一般企业管理的一般企业管理的在于（在于）在于（在于）它是它是以

32、以目标（任务）为导向目标（任务）为导向的本质特征。的本质特征。Be distinguished from 表示表示“不同于，与不同于，与加以区别加以区别”以人为本？以教育为本？以素质教育为本？以人为本？以教育为本？以素质教育为本？Unite 3 what is Project Management 何为项目管理 By contrast,the general management of business and industrial corporations assume a broader outlook with greater continuity of operations.相比之下相

33、比之下，工商企业的一般管理，工商企业的一般管理承担承担着更大的操作着更大的操作连贯性连贯性和和更广阔的更广阔的前景。前景。Working knowledge n.应用知识应用知识 例例 She has a working knowledge of French.她的法语尚可应付工作。她的法语尚可应付工作。A working knowledge of Spanish.足够运用的西班牙语的知识。足够运用的西班牙语的知识。Indispensable adj.必不可少的，必须的。必不可少的，必须的。Computer science 计算机科学；计算机科学；decision science 决策科学决策

34、科学 管理学？管理学？In fact,modern management practices and various special knowledge domains have absorbed various techniques or tools which were once identified only with the supporting disciplines.事实上，现代管理实践和各种事实上，现代管理实践和各种专业知识领域专业知识领域都吸收了许多一度被用于都吸收了许多一度被用于支持性学科的技术和工具支持性学科的技术和工具.Unite 3 what is Project Ma

35、nagement 何为项目管理 Commonplace 司空见惯的，常用的司空见惯的，常用的 Specifically,project management in construction encompasses a set of objectives which may be accomplished by implementing a series of operations subject to resource constrains.Which 引导定语从句，修饰前面的引导定语从句，修饰前面的 a set of objectives，翻译时可作为翻译时可作为并列句翻译并列句翻译。Sub

36、ject to 为为“使遭受，使服从，受制于使遭受，使服从，受制于”具体来说，建设项目管理包含一组目标，这些目标具体来说，建设项目管理包含一组目标，这些目标通过通过在资源约束下在资源约束下执行一系列的项目实施行为得以实现。执行一系列的项目实施行为得以实现。impose on vt.把把强加于强加于 These conflicts should be resolved at the onset of a project by making the necessary tradeoffs or creating new alternatives.这些冲突应该在项目这些冲突应该在项目启动启动的时候就

37、的时候就通过通过必要的必要的折中权衡折中权衡或者制造替代或者制造替代性的方案来解决。性的方案来解决。onset n.开始，启动开始，启动Unite 3 what is Project Management 何为项目管理 The Project Management Institute focuses on nine distinct areas requiring project manager knowledge and attention 项目管理协会明确了项目经理需要要了解和关注的项目管理协会明确了项目经理需要要了解和关注的9个方面。个方面。focus on 集中注意力于集中注意力于Li

38、stening Practice:Kungfu Panda Listen to the video and please answer the questions below1.What are the names of the Furious Five?2.What Pos father wanted to do when he was young?3.Whats the name of the place of choosing the Dragon Warrior?Unit 4 Preparation of Bids 投标文件的编制 The Standard Bidding Docume

39、nts for Procurement of Works(SBDW)have been prepared by the World Bank to be used for the projects that are financed in whole or in part by the World Bank(which includes the International Bank for Reconstruction and Development IBRD and the International Development Association IDA,hereinafter calle

40、d“the Bank”.SBDW工程采购标准招标文件；工程采购标准招标文件；IBRD国际复兴开发银行；国际复兴开发银行；IDA 国际开发协会国际开发协会Unit 4 Preparation of Bids 投标文件的编制 There are mandatory for use in works contracts which are estimated to cost more than US&10million(including contingency allowance)unless the Bank agrees with the use of other Bank Standard

41、Bidding Documents on a case-by-case basis.mandatory adj.义务的，强制的义务的，强制的 ，命令的，命令的 contingency allowance 应急准备金，应急费用应急准备金，应急费用 对于成本估计超过对于成本估计超过1000万美元（含应急费用）的万美元（含应急费用）的工程合同工程合同，必须使用，必须使用该标准文件，除非世行同意在个别情况下使用其他银行的标准文件。该标准文件，除非世行同意在个别情况下使用其他银行的标准文件。The following provisions that are some abridgement from t

42、he first part,bidding procedures,provides relevant information to help bidders prepare their bids,and information is also provided on the submission,opening,and evaluation of bids and on the award of contracts.Abridgement 节选内容，摘要，节本节选内容，摘要，节本 下列条款为招标程序中的第一部分的下列条款为招标程序中的第一部分的节选内容节选内容，提供相关信息帮助投，提供相关信息

43、帮助投标者编制其标者编制其投标文件投标文件，同时还提供关于，同时还提供关于投标文件投标文件文件的提交，开标和文件的提交，开标和评标以及评标以及合同授予合同授予等方面的内容。等方面的内容。Unit 4 Preparation of Bids 投标文件的编制 The Bid,as well as all correspondence and documents relating to the bid exchanged by the Bidder and the Employer,shall be written in the language specified in the Bidding D

44、ocument.exchanged by the Bidder and the Employer为定语修饰名词为定语修饰名词bid;specified in the Bidding Document 为后置定语修饰为后置定语修饰language.投标文件以及投标者和投标文件以及投标者和招标人招标人之间来往的与标书有关的信件和文件，之间来往的与标书有关的信件和文件，均应使用招标文件均应使用招标文件规定的（指定的）规定的（指定的）语言。语言。Supporting documents and printed literature that are parts of the Bid may be in

45、 another language provided they are accompanied by an accurate translation of the relevant passages in the language specified in the Bidding Document,in which case,for purposes of interpretation of the Bid,such translation shall govern（管理，决定，支配）（管理，决定，支配）.that are parts of the Bid为定语从句修饰主语为定语从句修饰主语s

46、upporting documents and printed literature；in which case 引导定语从句。引导定语从句。支持性文件和打印文献，作为投标文件的一部分可以使用其他语言；支持性文件和打印文献，作为投标文件的一部分可以使用其他语言；但相关段落必须使用招标文件所指定的语言进行准确翻译，但相关段落必须使用招标文件所指定的语言进行准确翻译，在这种情在这种情况下况下，投标文件的翻译应以此译文为主。，投标文件的翻译应以此译文为主。Unit 4 Preparation of Bids 投标文件的编制 Letter of Bid 投标函投标函 priced Bill of Qu

47、antities 已标价的已标价的工程量清单工程量清单 Bid Security 投标保证金投标保证金 Written confirmation authorizing the signatory of the Bid to commit the Bidder 委托委托投标人进行投标文件签署投标人进行投标文件签署书面书面授权授权确认文件确认文件 Technical Proposal 技术标技术标 Conform to 遵守，符合，顺应遵守，符合，顺应 Items against which not rate or price is entered by the Bidder will not

48、be paid for by the Employer when executed and shall be deemed covered by the rates for other items and prices in the Bill of Quantities.投标人没有填入单价和价钱的项目在实施过程中招标人将不予支付，投标人没有填入单价和价钱的项目在实施过程中招标人将不予支付，并视为并视为此项目已包括在其他项目单价和工程量清单的价格中。此项目已包括在其他项目单价和工程量清单的价格中。Unit 4 Preparation of Bids 投标文件的编制 Bids shall rema

49、in valid for the period specified in the Bidding Document after the bid submission deadline prescribed by the Employer.在招标人在招标人规定规定投标文件提交截止日期后，投标文件应在招标文件规定投标文件提交截止日期后，投标文件应在招标文件规定的期限内保持有效。的期限内保持有效。He shall extend his bid security for twenty-eight days beyond the deadline of the extended validity per

50、iod.Beyond 超出超出之外之外 投标人需要延长投标保证金投标人需要延长投标保证金超出超出延长后的投标有效截止日期的延长后的投标有效截止日期的28天。天。Unless otherwise specified in the Bidding Document,the Bidder shall furnish as part of its bid,a bid security in original form and in the amount and currency specified in the Bidding Document.除非招标文件另有规定，投标人必须提供招标文件中规定的投标

51、保证除非招标文件另有规定，投标人必须提供招标文件中规定的投标保证金的表格，金额和币种作为投标文件的一部分。金的表格，金额和币种作为投标文件的一部分。Unit 4 Preparation of Bids 投标文件的编制 The bid security of the successful bidder shall be returned as promptly as possible once the successful Bidder has signed the Contract and furnished the required performance security.一旦中标人签订了

52、合同并按规定提交一旦中标人签订了合同并按规定提交履约保证金履约保证金后，中标人的投标保后，中标人的投标保证金在将尽快退还。证金在将尽快退还。In the event of any discrepancy between the original and the copies,the original shall prevail.In the event of 如果如果发生，万一发生，万一 如果正文和副本内容不符，以正本为准。如果正文和副本内容不符，以正本为准。The original and all copies of the bid shall be typed or written in

53、indelible ink and shall be signed by a person duly authorized to sign on behalf of the Bidder.所有投标文件的正本和副本都必须打印或用不褪色的墨水书写，并经所有投标文件的正本和副本都必须打印或用不褪色的墨水书写，并经由由正式授权正式授权的签署人代表投标者签名。的签署人代表投标者签名。Unit 4 Preparation of Bids 投标文件的编制Translate the following into ChineseLetter of bidBill of Quantitiesalternative

54、 bidsTechnical ProposalBid Securitythe Biding Documentthe period of validity of bidsthe International Development AssociationPerformance securityevaluation of bid Translate the following into English 开标开标 单价单价 现金流量现金流量 杂项开支杂项开支 破产者破产者 交易交易 线性规划线性规划 项目风险管理项目风险管理 预订目标预订目标 竞争性招标竞争性招标Unit 5 Submission a

55、nd Opening of Bids 投标文件的提交和开标 duly ad.以适当方式，按时的以适当方式，按时的 bear vt.注明注明 If all envelopes are not sealed and marked as required,the Employer will assume no responsibility for the misplacement or premature opening of the bid.如果投标文件密封袋没有按照规定密封和标记，招标人将不如果投标文件密封袋没有按照规定密封和标记，招标人将不承担承担投标投标文件文件错放错放和和提前开封提前开封的

56、责任。的责任。The employer may extend the deadline for the submission of bids by amending the bidding document,in which case all rights and obligations of the employer and bidders previously subject to the deadline shall thereafter be subject to the deadline as extended.subject to 使服从，受制于；使服从，受制于；in which

57、case 引导定语从句引导定语从句 招标人也可以修改招标文件，延长提交招标文件的截止日期，招标人也可以修改招标文件，延长提交招标文件的截止日期，在这种在这种情况下情况下，投标双方在原投标截止日期前所承担的权利和义务都将适用，投标双方在原投标截止日期前所承担的权利和义务都将适用于延长后的新的投标截止日期。于延长后的新的投标截止日期。Unit 5 Submission and Opening of Bids 投标文件的提交和开标 A Bidder may withdraw,substitute,or modify its bid after it has been submitted by sen

58、ding a written notice.投标人在提交投标文件后，可以书面形式撤回，投标人在提交投标文件后，可以书面形式撤回，替换替换或修改已提交的或修改已提交的投标文件。投标文件。The corresponding substitution or modification of the bid must accompany the respective written notice.投标文件相应的替换和修改必须附有投标文件相应的替换和修改必须附有相应的相应的书面通知书面通知。No bid may be withdrawn,substituted,or modified in the int

59、erval between the deadline for submission of bids and the expiration of the period of bid validity.interval n.时间间隔，间隔时间间隔，间隔 从投标文件提交的截止日期到投标有效期期满为止，在此期间，投标从投标文件提交的截止日期到投标有效期期满为止，在此期间，投标文件不得撤回，替换或修改。文件不得撤回，替换或修改。Unit 5 Submission and Opening of Bids 投标文件的提交和开标 The employer shall open the bids in publ

60、ic in the presence of bidders designated representatives at the address,date and time specified in the bidding document.specified in the bidding document 为后置定语，修饰名词为后置定语，修饰名词address,date and time 招标人应该按照招标文件规定的时间和地点在投标人招标人应该按照招标文件规定的时间和地点在投标人指定代表指定代表出席的出席的情况下公开开标。情况下公开开标。All other envelopes shall be

61、 opened one by one,reading out:the name of the bidder;the bid price;the presence of a bid security and any other details as the employer may consider。as the employer may consider为定语从句，修饰名词为定语从句，修饰名词details.所以其他的信封应所以其他的信封应依次依次打开，并宣读投标人名称、投标报价、是否提打开，并宣读投标人名称、投标报价、是否提交投标保证金和招标人认为适宜的其他细节。交投标保证金和招标人认为适宜

62、的其他细节。How to Get Money out of Your Parents如何从父母那里要钱Words and Expressions Solvent adj.有偿化债务有偿化债务能力的能力的 Plasma n.血浆血浆 Profitable adj.有利可图有利可图 sperm donation 精子捐献精子捐献 homemade brownies 自制自制巧克力蛋糕巧克力蛋糕 canned goods 罐装食物罐装食物 Broke（break过去式）没过去式）没钱，破产，一文不值钱，破产，一文不值 sheepishly adj.羞怯的，羞怯的，怯懦的怯懦的 cafeteria f

63、ood 餐馆食物餐馆食物 reinforce vt.强调，加强强调，加强 replenish vt.补充，把补充，把加满加满http:/ to Get Money out of Your Parents如何从父母那里要钱So its one month into the school year and youve already blown through the entire semesters allowance（生活费）（生活费）.Youre gonna(=going to)need a good strategy.Step 1:Dont call them 不要主动给父母打电话不要主动

64、给父母打电话Dont call themwait for them to phone.When they complain that they never hear from you,tell them calls cost money.Tip 1:Crunch some paper into the phone as youre chatting.When asked,say youre rolling pennies so you can buy dinner.How to Get Money out of Your Parents如何从父母那里要钱 Step 2:Sound weak 电

65、话时听起来要很虚弱电话时听起来要很虚弱Next time they call,sound weak.When they show concern,tell them youre just a little tired from donating plasma（血浆）血浆）for cash three times this week.Tip 2:If youre a guy,add that youre looking into the more profitable（有利可图）（有利可图）sperm donation.Girls,say,“Hey,did you guys know I cou

66、ld get$5,000 for my eggs?”How to Get Money out of Your Parents如何从父母那里要钱 3:Ask for canned goods 要一些罐装的东西要一些罐装的东西Tell your mom youd love her to send some of her homemade browniesthen ask if she could toss in a few canned goods as well.Step 4:Too broke（break过去式，一文不值）过去式，一文不值）to come home 承认没钱回家承认没钱回家Gently break it to them that you wont be coming home for the holidays after all.When pushed,sheepishly（羞怯的）（羞怯的）admit you dont have the money.How to Get Money out of Your Parents如何从父母那里要钱 Step 5:Have re