高考英语二轮复习 第三部分 阅读理解 专题一 细节理解类课件.ppt

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1、第三部分 阅读理解,2013-2015年高考新课标全国卷阅读理解题材及各类题型考点统计表,考点统计 看考向 观变化,考情分析 找热点 寻规律,1.从统计表可以看出,设题类型以细节理解类和推理判断类为主。各个 题型的分布已逐步成熟且趋于平稳,预计2016年题型分布及比重仍保 持不变。 2.题材仍然体现了来源于实际生活、紧贴时代、反映欧美文化等特点。 所选文章多源于国外的英文图书、报刊、网络媒体。原汁原味,地道 纯正,具有鲜明的英语语言文化特点。从体裁看,文章分别属于应用文、 说明文和记叙文。 3.语篇结构复杂化,句子长度、难度有所增加。行文具有跳跃性,隐含信 息较多,语篇难度递增。 4.词汇运用

2、要求高,一词多义、熟词生义、词汇活用频繁出现,阅读速度 要求提高。,专题突破 攻专题 克难关,专题一细节理解类 设问方式 此类题型主要有以下三种设问形式: 1.疑问句式 以5W1H(what,who,when,where,why和how)等开头的特殊疑问句。 What made the authors getting up early worthwhile? Who will give the talk on the islands in the Thames? Which is the right order of the events given in the passage? How d

3、id it happen?,2.以是非题的形式 常含true(except),not right/correct(except)等词语。 Which of the following statements is (not) true/correct? All the statements are true except . 3.不完整的陈述句式 According to.,before.,Americans had little idea about . To avoid attracting mountain lions,people are advised . By the first s

4、entence of the passage,the author means .,考点一,事实细节题,【典例1】 (2015新课标全国,B片段) Swimming pools,wine tasting,and pink sunsets(at normal evening hours,not 4 in the afternoon) filled the weekend,but the best part-particularly to my taste,dulled by months of cold-weather root vegetables-was a 7 a.m.adventure

5、to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call. 25.What made the authors getting up early worthwhile? A.Having a swim. B.Breathing in fresh air. C.Walking in the morning sun. D.Visiting a local farmers market.,剖析:D事实细节题。根据文中的句子.,but the best partparticularly

6、to my taste,.was a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call.可知作者早上7点到农产品市场是非常值得的。,【典例2】 (2015新课标全国,A片段) November 7th The Canal Pioneers, by Chris Lewis.James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.He was also

7、 a major player in training others in the art of canal planning and building.Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the education of that group of early “civil engineers”. December 5th Ice for the Metropolis,by Malcolm Tucker.Well before the arrival of freezers,th

8、ere was a demand for ice for food preservation and catering.Malcolm will explain the history of importing natural ice and the technology of building ice wells,and how Londons ice trade grew.,February 6th An Update on the Cotswold Canals,by Liz Payne.The Stroudwater Canal is moving towards reopening.

9、The Thames and Severn Canal will take a little longer.We will have a report on the present state of play. March 6th Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands,by Miranda Vickers.The Thames has many islands.Miranda has undertaken a review of all of them.She will tell us about those of greatest interest. 21.When i

10、s the talk on James Brindley? A.February 6th.B.March 6th. C.November 7th.D.December 5th.,答案及剖析: 21.C事实细节题。根据题干关键信息词James Brindley直接定位到关键信息句James Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers.和Chris Lewis will explain how Brindley made such a positive contribution to the educatio

11、n of that group of early “civil engineers”.由此可以知道November 7th这一天的报告是关于James Brindley的,故选择C项。A、B、D中三个日期的报告均未提到有关James Brindley的信息。,22.What is the topic of the talk in February? A.The Canal Pioneers. B.Ice for the Metropolis. C.Eyots and AitsThames Islands. D.An Update on the Cotswold Canals. 23.Who w

12、ill give the talk on the islands in the Thames? A.Miranda Vickers.B.Malcolm Tucker. C.Chris Lewis.D.Liz Payne.,答案及剖析: 22.D事实细节题。根据题干关键信息词topic和February可知问的是二月份的报告的话题,同时根据文段结构特点可以看出每一段的第一句中的黑体字就是每一次报告的话题名称,所以可以直接定位到February 6th第一句的黑体字部分An Update on the Cotswold Canals就是答案,故选D项。 23.A事实细节题。根据题干关键信息词the

13、 islands in the Thames可以直接定位到选文最后一段。该段第一句Eyots and AitsThames Islands,by Miranda Vickers.就是答案所在信息句,由此可知Miranda Vickers将作一个关于the islands in the Thames的报告,因此选A项。B、C、D三项中提到的人物均未在选文最后一段中出现。,名师在线 寻找信息题题干定位法 题干定位法是做事实细节题最基本也是最常用的方法。事实细节题主要考查对某句话或某几句话的理解,可根据题干内容从原文中找到相关的句子,然后进行比较和分析,便可确定最佳答案。“题干定位法”分为三步: 第

14、一步:先通过题干信息来选择定位词。定位词主要是题干中的名词、动词和数词等,即问题的核心信息。 第二步:在原文中查找定位词或定位词的近义词,找出相关的句子。 第三步:分析这些句子和选项,得出正确答案。 如2015新课标全国第25题题干中的getting up early worthwhile对应文章中的a 7 a.m. adventure to the Sarasota farmers market that proved to be more than worth the early wake-up call。 2015新课标全国第21题题干中的James Brindley对应文中的James

15、 Brindley is recognized as one of the leading early canal engineers;第22题题干中的in February对应文章中的February 6th;第23题题干中的the islands in the Thames对应文章中的Eyots and Aits-Thames Islands, by Miranda Vickers.。,考点二,细节理解题,【典例1】 (2015新课标全国,A片段) When neither of these methods removed the static noise,I would sit help

16、lessly and wait for the noise to go away.At last I ended up hitting the set with my fist,and it stopped working altogether.My trip to the repair shop cost me $62,and the set is working well now,but I keep expecting more trouble. 3.How did the author finally get his TV set working again? A.By shaking

17、 and hitting it. B.By turning it on and off. C.By switching channels. D.By having it repaired.,剖析:D细节理解题。根据最后一句话My trip to the repair shop cost me $62,and the set is working well now.可知,作者花钱修理电视,且到目前为止电视还没有再出现什么问题,故选D项。,名师在线 语意转换题断章取义法 在高考试题中,细节理解题已由过去简单的对号入座直接答题转向通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查学生对英语语言的理解能力。解答这类题可用

18、“断章取义法”,即带着问题,有针对性地扫读短文,迅速锁定相关词句,然后寻找相关的同义或反义表述。如本例选项D,By having it repaired就是对原文My trip to the repair shop cost me $62的转述。,【典例2】 (2015新课标全国,B片段) Disappointed by many a broken,vine-ripened(蔓上成熟的) promise, Ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.No matter how attractive they look in the store,on

19、ce I get them home theyre unfailingly dry,hard,and tasteless. 26.What can we learn about tomatoes sold in New York in winter? () A.They are soft. B.They look nice. C.They taste great.D.They are juicy.,剖析:B细节理解题。由.Ive refused to buy winter tomatoes for years.可知,作者在纽约已经好多年不买冬季出售的西红柿了,然后通过No matter how

20、 attractive they look in the store,once I get them home theyre unfailingly dry,hard,and tasteless.可知,纽约冬季出售的西红柿只是看起来好看,但是吃着发干、很硬而且无味。故B项正确。A、C、D三项与作者所描述的纽约冬季出售的西红柿的现实情况相反,故排除。,名师在线 表达转换题找同义词、反义词法 做某些阅读题不是找感觉,本质上是找同义词或反义词,解题时找出的同义或反义词组越多,答案就越准确。这是解答细节理解题的基本方法。 具体做法是比对原文和选项,利用“同义原则”或“反义原则”,找出原文中与正确选项匹

21、配的同义或反义词组,将原文出题的信息和选项进行比较,确定正确选项。例如本例选项中的nice与原文中的attractive是同义词;而hard与soft,dry与juicy,tasteless与taste great正好意思相反。,【典例3】 (2015浙江,A片段) During the spring she really astonished me.One day,she was reading at her desk.From a glimpse of the illustrations I thought I knew what the book was.I said to myself

22、,“It cant be,”and went to take a closer look.Sure enough,she was reading Moby Dick,in the edition with woodcuts.I said,“Dont you find parts of it rather heavy going?”She answered,“Oh,sure,but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.” 44.Which of the following statements about th

23、e girl is TRUE according to the passage? A.She skipped over those easy parts while reading. B.She had a hard time finishing the required reading tasks. C.She learned to appreciate some parts of the difficult books. D.She turned out to be a top student after coming to this school.,剖析:C细节理解题。由选文中的I sa

24、id,“Dont you find parts of it rather heavy going? ”She answered,“Oh,sure,but I just skip over those parts and go on to the next good part.”可知,虽然女孩读的书有些部分有难度,但是女孩在阅读时,会跳过那些晦涩难懂的部分,选择容易理解的部分来阅读,故C项正确。A项错在skipped over those easy parts,实际为跳过难懂的部分;B项错在had a hard time,实际是在阅读中感受到乐趣;D项在文中未提及。,【典例4】 (2015福建,

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28、. 10% OFF ALL BOOKINGS for departures from 5 to 11 September 2015 *Child must be accompanied by two paying adults. *Terms and conditions apply.,67.Which of the following is TRUE according to the advertisement? A.You need to pay $50 to sign up a child for the club. B.Club members enjoy free travel in

29、surance for any flight. C.The advertisement is intended for students of all ages. D.Any child must be accompanied by at least one paying adult.,剖析:A细节理解题。由With a registration fee of just $50 per child.可知A项正确;由All bookings made before 12 September will receive free travel insurance.可知B项错误;由.children

30、under the age of 12.可知C项错误;由Child must be accompanied by two paying adults.可知D项错误。,名师在线 是非判断题对号入座法、排除法 1.对号入座法。带着细节性问题中所给出的关键词返回原文,找出相关的词或相对应的句子,仔细阅读,从中找出答案。但需要注意的是,这些问题的提问方式往往不是直接照搬文中的原话,而是使用同义词、近义词等来复述,所以考生一定要认真审题。虽然这类细节题在文章中能够找到答案,但是正确选项与文章中的原句还是会有出入的,命题者通常用不同的词语或句型表达同一个意思。如用同义词替换、词类转换、肯定否定互换等,但万

31、变不离其宗。 2.排除法。对于是非判断题中的“三错一对”或“三对一错”类试题,考生通常可以用排除法解答。这就要求考生仔细阅读文章,排除未在文章中提及或转述错误的三个细节选项,或排除是文章中已知信息的三个选项,剩下的选项便是正确答案。,考点三,数字计算题,【典例1】 (2015四川,C片段) Mothers have long known that their home workload was just as heavy as paid work.Now,the new study has shown that if they were paid for their parental labo

32、urs,they would earn as much as 172,000 a year. The study looked at the range of jobs mothers do,as well as the hours they are working,to determine the figure.This would make their yearly income 30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns. 38.How much would a mother earn a year if working as the Prime

33、Minister? A.30,000. B.142,000. C.172,000. D.202,000.,剖析:B数字计算题。根据they would earn as much as 172,000 a year可以得知母亲们一年可赚172,000;而根据This would make their yearly income 30,000 more than the Prime Minister earns.可以得知她们比首相多赚30,000;把两者相减即可得出首相的年薪,也就是142,000。,【典例2】 (2014山东,B片段) It was one of those terribly h

34、ot days in Baltimore.Needless to say,it was too hot to do anything outside.But it was also scorching in our apartment.This was 1962,and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years.So my brother and I decided to leave the apartment to find someplace indoors.He suggested

35、we could see a movie.It was a brilliant plan. 46.In which year did the author first live in a place with an air conditioner? () A.1952. B.1962. C.1972. D.1982.,剖析:C从本段中的“This was 1962,and I would not live in a place with an air conditioner for another ten years.”可知“当时是1962年,我在一个没有空调的地方还要再生活十年”,说明作者在

36、十年之后,也就是1972年才会生活在一个有空调的地方。,名师在线 数字计算题结果求证法 数字事实细节题一般会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算。一般来说,从数学的角度讲,计算量都比较小,计算容易。但是英语阅读中的数字计算必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些“暗”信息会涉及对某个难句的理解,从这个角度上讲,理解文中相应复杂句是解这类题的关键。 解决此类问题可将原文信息的表述以数字计算的形式表现出来,进行结果求证。如:2015年四川卷第38题,172 000-30 000=142 000;2014年山东卷第46题,1962+10=1972。,考点四,细节排序题,【典例1】 (2014四川

37、,C片段) A schoolgirl saved her fathers life by kicking him in the chest after he suffered a serious allergic (过敏的) reaction which stopped his heart. Izzy,nine,restarted father Colms heart by stamping (踩) on his chest after he fell down at home and stopped breathing. Izzys mother,Debbie,immediately cal

38、led 999 but Izzy knew doctors would never arrive in time to save her father,so decided to use CPR. However,she quickly discovered her arms werent strong enough,so she stamped on her fathers chest instead. Debbie then took over with some more conventional chest compressions (按压) until the ambulance a

39、rrived. Izzy,who has been given a bravery award by her school,said:“I just kicked him really hard. My mum taught me CPR but I knew I wasnt strong enough to use hands. I was quite scared. The doctor said I might as well be a doctor or a nurse. My mum said that Dad was going to hospital with a big foo

40、tprint on his chest.” “Shes a little star,” said Debbie. “I was really upset but Izzy just took over. I just cant believe what she did. I really think all children should be taught first aid. Izzy did CPR then the doctor turned up. Colm had to have more treatment on the way to the hospital and weve

41、got to see an expert.” Truck driver Colm,35,suffered a mystery allergic reaction on Saturday and was taken to hospital, but was sent home only for it to happen again the next day. The second attack was so serious that his airway swelled,preventing him from breathing,his blood pressure dropped sudden

42、ly,and his heart stopped for a moment. He has now made a full recovery from his suffering.,40.Whats the right order of the events? A.B. C.D.,剖析:C细节排序题。由上下文可知,Izzy先前了解了一些CPR(心肺复苏术)的知识,后来她父亲因过敏反应心脏停止了工作,Izzy的母亲Debbie拨打了999急救电话,然后Izzy采取了急救措施。,Izzy kicked Colm. Debbie called 999. Izzy learned CPR. Colms

43、 heart stopped.,剖析:B细节排序题。由本段内容可知,传感器可以感知雨水的降落,然后灯伞里的电动马达就会把伞打开,由此可知,其顺序为:传感器马达伞篷。,名师在线 细节排序题首尾定位法、代入淘汰法 排序题会出现在各种文体中,记叙文中的排序题通常以故事发生的时间为线索,也就是排列出什么时间发生了什么事情;说明文中的排序题通常以说明的先后顺序为线索,也就是排列出先说明什么后说明什么;而议论文中的排序题则要以逻辑顺序为线索,比如解决问题的方法步骤等。 做此类排序题可采用“首尾定位法”,即先找出第一件事情和最后一件事情,这样可以迅速缩小范围,从而快速选出正确答案,或用代入淘汰法按顺序逐一排

44、除,从而得出正确答案。,对点训练,(A) (2015安徽,A) Welcome to the Electronic Village to explore new ways of language teaching and learning.,1.Nearpod can be used to . A.offer grammar testsB.teach listening on-line C.help vocabulary learningD.gain fluency in speaking 2.If you want to improve your speaking skills,you ca

45、n go to . A.Room 501B.Room 502 C.Room 601D.Room 602 3.Which of the following can assess your grammar learning?() A.Nearpod.B.Kahoot. C.TEO.D.Prezi. 4.A teacher who wants to learn on-line teaching is expected to arrive by . A.9:00 amB.10:30 am C.2:00 pmD.3:30 pm,语篇解读:本文是一篇应用文。全文主要介绍了四种电子教学产品。,答案及剖析:

46、1.C细节理解题。从广告Nearpod中的Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich context for students to learn vocabulary.可知,Nearpod对于词汇学习是有帮助的,故选C项。 2.D细节理解题。根据广告Prezi中的Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw students attention to speaking more fluently.及Room 602可知,要想提高自己的口语技能,你可以到602房间去了解一下Prez

47、i,故选D项。 3.B细节理解题。根据广告Kahoot中的Kahoot software can be used to create grammar tests可知,Kahoot是专门用于评估语法水平的,故选B项。 4.C细节理解题。根据广告TEO中的how any teacher can begin teaching on-line with TEO及2:00 pm to 3:00 pm可知,想学在线教学的老师要在下午2:00以前到达502房间。故选C项。,【读写一体练】 1.改错:Uses of Prezi in listening and speaking courses draw st

48、udents attention to speak more fluently.,剖析:draw ones attention to.“把某人的注意力吸引到上”, to为介词,后面接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语。,2.Nearpod is a software program that creates a rich context for students to learn vocabulary. 仿写:我看到过你在网上张贴的夏令营通告,我对此很感兴趣。 I read the announcement of the summer camp . and Im interested in i

49、t. 答案:that you have posted on the Internet,(B) (2015福建,A) Food festivals around the world Stilton Cheese Rolling May Day is a traditional day for celebrations,but the 2,000 English villagers of Stilton must be the only people in the world who include cheese rolling in their annual plans.Teams of fou

50、r,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes,roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course.On the way,they must not kick or throw their cheese,or go into their competitors lane(赛道).Competition is fierce and the chief prize is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos (disappointing

51、ly,but understandably the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones).All the competitors are served with beer or port wine,the traditional accompaniment for Stilton cheese. Fiery Foods FestivalThe Hottest Festival on Earth Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque,New Mexico

52、.They come from as far away as Australia,the Caribbean and China,but they all share a common addictionfood that is not just spicy(辛辣),but hot enough to make your mouth burn,your head spin and your eyes water.Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival which is held over a period of three da

53、ys every March.You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepperofficially the hottest pepper in the worldor any one of the thousands of products that are on show.But one things for sureif you dont like the feeling of a burning tongue,this festival isnt for you!,1.In the Stilton cheese rolli

54、ng competition,competitors on each team must . A.wear various formal clothes B.roll a wooden cheese in their own lane C.kick or throw their cheese D.use a real cheese weighing about four kilos 2.Where is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival held?() A.In New Mexico.B.In the Caribbean. C.In Australia. D.In

55、 China. 3.The celebration of La Tomatina lasts . A.three days B.seven days C.less than three daysD.more than seven days 4.Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?() A.The chief prize for the Stilton cheese rolling competition is beer or port wine. B.More than 10,000 Chinese take part

56、 in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. C.Thousands of spicy foods are on show in the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival. D.An exciting tomato battle takes place at the beginning of La Tomatina.,语篇解读:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了世界各地跟食物有关的节日。 答案及剖析: 1.B细节理解题。根据题干中的Stilton cheese rolling可以定位到文章第一段。由第一段中的Teams of four,dressed

57、 in a variety of strange and funny clothes.可排除A项;由On the way,they must not kick or throw their cheese.可排除C项;由the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones可排除D项;由On the way,they must not.go into their competitors lane(赛道)和the cheeses used in the race are wooden ones可知答案为B项。 2.A细节理解题。根据题干中的Fiery Food a

58、nd BBQ Festival可以定位到文章第二段。由第二段中的Every year more than 10,000 people head for the city of Albuquerque,New Mexico.和Their destination is the Fiery Food and BBQ Festival.可知答案为A项。 3.B细节理解题。由题干中的La Tomatina可以定位到文章第三段。由第三段中的A week-long celebration.可知,La Tomatina的庆祝持续一周。故答案为B项。 4.C细节理解题。由第一段中的.the chief priz

59、e is a complete Stilton cheese weighing about four kilos.可知A项错误;由第二段中的Every year more than 10,000 people head for.They come from as far away as Australia,the Caribbean and China.可知B项中的Chinese错误;由第二段中的You might like to try a chocolate-covered habanero pepperofficially the hottest pepper in the worldo

60、r any one of the thousands of products that are on show.可知C项正确;由第三段中的.an exciting tomato battle as the highlight of the weeks events.可知D项中的at the beginning of 错误。故答案为C项。,【读写一体练】 1.Teams of four,dressed in a variety of strange and funny clothes, roll a complete cheese along a 50-metre course. 仿写:在事故中受伤的男孩被送到医院去了。 The boy was taken to hospital. 答案:injured in the accident 2.改错:A week-long celebration leads up to an excited tomato battle as the highlight of the weeks events.,剖析:excited感到兴奋的,多用来修饰人,形容人的感受;exciting令人兴奋的,多用来修饰事物。句意:持续一周的庆祝活动后会举行一个令人兴奋的西红柿之战作为一周活动的高潮。,