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1、HUAWEI TECHNOLOGIES CO.,LTD.距离矢量路由协议-RIPCopyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.Page 2前言路由信息协议RIP（Routing Information Protocol）的简称，它是一种基于距离矢量（Distance-Vector）算法的协议，使用跳数作为度量来衡量到达目的网络的距离。RIP主要应用于规模较小的网络中。Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.Page 3学习目标 学
2、完本课程后，您应该能：l掌握RIP的基本工作原理l掌握RIP的配置Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.路由信息协议-RIPPage 4l配置简单l易于维护l适合小型网络Site BSite ASite CRIPRTBRTARTCRIPRIPCopyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.RIP工作原理Page 5l路由器运行RIP后，会首先发送路由更新请求，收到请求的路由器会发送自己的RIP路由进行响应。l网络稳定后，路由器会周
3、期性发送路由更新信息。路由表路由表RTBRTARTC 路由表Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.RIP-度量Page 6lRIP使用跳数作为度量值来衡量到达目的网络的距离。l缺省情况下，直连网络的路由跳数为0。当路由器发送路由更新时，会把度量值加1。RIP规定超过15跳为网络不可达。RTC10.0.0.0Metric=110.0.0.0Metric=1 10.0.0.0Metric=210.0.0.0/8 RTBRTACopyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.A
4、ll rights reserved.Page7RIPv1 vs.RIPv2lRIPv1是有类别路由协议，不支持VLSM和CIDR。l以广播的形式发送报文。l不支持认证。lRIPv2为无类别路由协议，支持VLSM，支持路由聚合与CIDR。l支持以广播或者组播（224.0.0.9）方式发送报文。l支持明文认证和 MD5 密文认证。Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.RIPv1报文格式Page 8UDP 端口：520目的地址：255.255.255.255Must be ZeroMust be ZeroG0/
5、0/0 G0/0/0 IP AddressMetricCommandAddress Family IdentifierVersionRTBRTAMust be ZeroMust be ZeroCopyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.RIPv2报文格式Page 9UnusedIP AddressSubnet MaskMetricCommandAddress Family IdentifierVersionRoute TagNext HopUDP端口：520目的地址：224.0.0.9G0/0/0 G0/0/0
6、RTBRTACopyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.RIPv2认证Page 10lRIPv2支持对协议报文进行认证，认证方式有明文认证和MD5认证两种。Authentication0XFFFFAuthentication TypePassword:huaweiUnusedCommandVersionG0/0/0 G0/0/0 RTBRTAPassword:huaweiCopyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.RIP-环路Pag
7、e 11l当网络发生故障时，RIP网络有可能产生路由环路。10.0.0.0/810.0.0.0/8 Metric=2RTBRTADestination/Mask Nexthop metric10.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 2192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.环路避免-水平分割Page 12l路由器从某个接口学到的路由，不会从该接口再发回给邻居路由器。10.0.0.0/810.0.0.0/8 Metric=2RTBRTA192.168.
8、1.2/24192.168.1.1/24Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.环路避免-毒性反转Page 13l毒性反转是指路由器从某个接口学到路由后，将该路由的跳数设置为16，并从原接收接口发回给邻居路由器。10.0.0.0/810.0.0.0/8 Metric=16RTBRTADestination/Mask Nexthop metric10.0.0.0/8 192.168.1.2 16192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24Copyright 2014 Huawei Technolog
9、ies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.环路避免-触发更新Page 14l触发更新是指当路由信息发生变化时，立即向邻居设备发送触发更新报文。10.0.0.0/810.0.0.0/8 Metric=16RTBRTA192.168.1.2/24192.168.1.1/24Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.RIP基本配置Page 15RTARTBRTCRTD10.0.0.0/8RTAripRTA-rip-1version 2 RTA-rip-1network 10.0.0.0Copyr
10、ight 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.RIP配置-MetricinPage 16RTARTCRTD10.0.0.0/810.0.0.0/8 Metric=1RTBG0/0/0 192.168.1.0/24RTCinterface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 RTC-GigabitEthernet0/0/0rip metricin 2Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.RIP配置-MetricoutPage 17R
11、TARTCRTD10.0.0.0/8RTBG0/0/0 Metric=1192.168.1.0/24RTAinterface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0 RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0rip metricout 2Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.水平分割&毒性逆转Page 18l两个特性同时配置后，只有rip poison-reverse会生效。RTARTCRTD10.0.0.0/8RTBG0/0/0 RTCinterface GigabitEthernet 0/0/
12、0 RTC-GigabitEthernet0/0/0rip split-horizonRTC-GigabitEthernet0/0/0rip poison-reverseCopyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.配置验证Page 19RTC display rip 1 interface GigabitEthernet0/0/0 verbose GigabitEthernet0/0/0(192.168.1.2)State :UP MTU :500 Metricin :2 Metricout :1 Input :
13、Enabled Output:Enabled Protocol :RIPv2 Multicast Send version :RIPv2 Multicast Packets Receive version:RIPv2 Multicast and Broadcast Packets Poison-reverse :Enabled Split-Horizon :Enabled Authentication type :None Replay Protection :Disabled l虽然两者都显示“Enabled”，但只有“Poison-reverse”生效。Copyright 2014 Hua
14、wei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.RIP配置-OutputPage 20l配置RTA的G0/0/0 接口禁止发送RIP报文。RTARTCRTD10.0.0.0/8RTBG0/0/0 10.0.0.0/8 Metric=1 RTAinterface GigabitEthernet 0/0/0RTA-GigabitEthernet0/0/0undo rip outputCopyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.RIP配置-InputPage 21l配置RTD的
15、G0/0/0 接口禁止接收RIP报文。RTARTCRTD10.0.0.0/8RTB10.0.0.0/8 Metric=1 G0/0/1 192.168.1.1RTDinterface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1RTD-GigabitEthernet0/0/1undo rip inputG0/0/0 192.168.1.2Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.抑制接口Page 22l配置G0/0/1接口为抑制状态，只接收RIP 报文。l此命令的优先级大于rip input和rip output
16、。RTDripRTD-rip-1silent-interface GigabitEthernet 0/0/1RTARTCRTD10.0.0.0/8RTB10.0.0.0/8 Metric=1 G0/0/1 192.168.1.1G0/0/0 192.168.1.2Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.配置验证Page 23RTD display ripPublic VPN-instance RIP process:1 RIP version :2 Preference :100 Checkzero :Ena
17、bled Default-cost :0 Summary :Enabled Host-route :Enabled Maximum number of balanced paths:8 Update time :30 sec Age time:180 sec Garbage-collect time:120 sec Graceful restart :Disabled BFD :Disabled Silent-interfaces:GigabitEthernet0/0/1Copyright 2014 Huawei Technologies Co.,Ltd.All rights reserved.Page 24总结lRIP的路由跳数是在什么时候增加的?谢谢
华为培训课件：HC110113002 距离矢量路由协议-RIP
