最新英语句子成分39567

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1、句子成分句子成分v（一）句子成分的（一）句子成分的定义定义：v构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。主语：主语：v主语主语(Subject)表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。表示句子说的是什么人或什么事。是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但是一个句子所叙述的主体，一般位于句首。但在在there be结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）结构、疑问句（当主语不疑问词时）和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动和倒装句中，主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句动名词、名词化

2、的形容词和主语从句等表示。等表示。例如：例如：1.During the 1990s,American country music has become more and more popular.2.We often speak English in class.3.One-third of the students in this class are girls.4.To swim in the river is a great pleasure.5.Smoking does harm to the health.6.The rich should help the poor.（名词）（代词

3、）（数词）（不定式）（动名词）（名词化的形容词）7.When we are going to have an English test has not been decided.8.It is necessary to master a foreign language.（主语从句）（it作形式主语，真正的主语为后面的不定式）谓语谓语 v谓语谓语(Predicate)说明主语所做的说明主语所做的动作动作或或具有的具有的特征和状态特征和状态。动词在句中作谓语，。动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如下：v1、简单谓语简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构：由

4、一个动词或动词短语构成。如：成。如：He practices running every morning.The plane took off at ten oclock.谓语谓语 表语表语 v表语表语(Predicative)v 用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，用以说明主语的性质、特征、状态与身份，它一般位于系动词（如它一般位于系动词（如be,become,get,look,grow,turn,seem等）之后。等）之后。v 表语一般由表语一般由名词、代词、形容词、数词、名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及副词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语及表语从句表语从

5、句表示。例如：表示。例如：1.Our teacher of English is an American.（名词）（名词）2.Is it yours?（代词）（代词）3.The weather has turned cold.（形容词）（形容词）4.The speech is exciting.（分词）（分词）5.Three times seven is twenty one.（数词）（数词）6.His job is to teach English.（不定式）（不定式）7.His hobby is playing football.（动名词）（动名词）8.The meeting is of

6、great importance.（介词短语）（介词短语）9.Time is up.The class is over.（副词）（副词）（副词）（副词）10.The truth is that he has never been abroad.（表语从句）（表语从句）注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。1）状态系动词状态系动词用来表示主语状态，只有用来表示主语状态，只有be一词，一词，例如：例如：He is a teacher.2）持续系动词持续系动词用来表示主语继续或

7、保持一种状况或态度，用来表示主语继续或保持一种状况或态度，主要有主要有keep,remain,stay,lie,stand,例如：例如：He always keeps silent at the meeting.3）表像系动词表像系动词用来表示用来表示“看起来像看起来像”这一概念，主要有这一概念，主要有seem,appear,look,例如：例如：He seems(to be)very sad.注意：系动词（注意：系动词（Linking verb)用于连接主语和表用于连接主语和表语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。语，说明主语的状态，性质特征和身份等。4）感官系动词感官系动词主要有主要有fe

8、el,smell,sound,taste,例如：例如：This kind of cloth feels very soft.5）变化系动词变化系动词表示主语变成什么样，主要有表示主语变成什么样，主要有become,grow,turn,fall,get,go,come,run.例如：例如：The river was beginning to run dry.6）终止系动词终止系动词表示主语已终止动作，主要有表示主语已终止动作，主要有prove,turn out,表达表达结果是结果是;证明是证明是，之意，之意，例如：例如：The rumor proved false.His plan turned

9、 out a success.宾语宾语 v宾语（宾语（Object）表示动作的对象或承受者，一）表示动作的对象或承受者，一般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：般位于及物动词和介词后面。例如：1.He is doing his homework.2.The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time.3.-How many dictionaries do you have?-I have five.（名词）（代词、动名词）（名词）（数词）4.They helped the old with their housework yesterd

10、ay.5.He pretended not to see me.6.I enjoy listening to popular music.7.I think（that）he is fit for his office.（名词化形容词，名词）（不定式短语）（动名词短语）（宾语从句）v宾语种类宾语种类：v（1）双宾语双宾语（间接宾语（间接宾语+直接宾语），例如：直接宾语），例如：Lend me your dictionary,please.write,tell,pass,give,send,promise,show,hand,read,tell,bring,throw后跟后跟to，例如：，例如：H

11、e sent the novel to William yesterday.leave,buy,build,choose,cook,draw,find,get,order,post,save后跟后跟for，例如：，例如：She bought a gift for her mother.v（2）复合宾语复合宾语（宾语（宾语+宾补），例如：宾补），例如：vThey elected him their monitor.宾语补足语宾语补足语 v宾语补足语（宾语补足语（Object Complement），），用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语用于补充说明宾语的动作，一般位于宾语之后，宾语与宾语补足语

12、一起构成复合宾之后，宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有：语。需接复合宾语的动词有：tell，let，help，teach，ask，see，have，order，make等。等。“宾补宾补”一般可由一般可由名词、形容词、名词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句副词、不定式、分词、介词短语和从句充充当。例如：当。例如：1.His father named him Xiaoming.2.They painted their boat white.3.Let the fresh air in.4.You mustnt force him to lend his money

13、to you.5.We saw her entering the room.6.We found everything in the lab in good order.7.We will soon make our city what your city is now.（名词）（形容词）（副词）（不定式短语）（现在分词短语）（介词短语）（从句）定语定语 v修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语(Attribute)。v定语可由以下形式表示：定语可由以下形式表示：1.Guilin is a beautiful city.（形容词（形容词）2.China i

14、s a developing country;America is a developed country.（分词（分词）3.There are many women teachers in our school.（名词）（名词）4.His rapid progress in English made us surprised.（代词）（代词）5.Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.（不定式短语）（不定式短语）6.The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.（动

15、名词）（动名词）7.He is reading an article about how to learn English.（介词短语）（介词短语）8.She is the girl who sings best in my class.(定语从句定语从句)状语状语 v修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状语（Adverbial）。可由以下形式表示）。可由以下形式表示：1.Light travels most quickly.2.He has lived in the city for te

16、n years.3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.（副词及副词性词组）（介词词组）（不定式短语）4.He is in the room making a model plane.5.Wait a minute.6.Once you begin,you must continue.（分词短语）（名词）（状语从句）9种状语种类：1.How about meeting again at six?2.Last night she didnt go to the dance party becau

17、se of the rain.3.I shall go there if it doesnt rain.4.Mr Smith lives on the third floor.5.She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（时间状语）（原因状语）（条件状语）（地点状语）（方式状语）6.She came in with a dictionary in her hand.7.In order to catch up with the others,I must work harder.8.He was so tired that he fel

18、l asleep immediately.9.She works very hard though she is old.（伴随状语）（目的状语）（结果状语）（让步状语）同位语同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代词做）对前面的名词或代词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如：句担任，如：This is Mr.Zhou,our headmaster.插入语插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有解释，通常有to be honest,I think(suppose,believe-)等，如

19、：等，如：To be frank,I dont quite agree with you.练习练习一一.指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分：v1.The students got on the school bus.v2.He handed me the newspaper.v3.I shall answer your question after class.v4.What a beautiful Chinese painting!v5.They went hunting together early in the morning.S.AttributeO

20、.PredicateAdverbialAttributeAdverbialAdverbialv6.His job is to train swimmers.v7.He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.v8.There is going to be an American film tonight.v9.He is to leave for Shanghai tomorrow.v10.His wish is to become a scientist.v11.He managed to finish the work in time.v12.

21、Tom came to ask me for advice.v13.He found it important to master English.AttributePredicativeO.AdverbialS.PredicateS.PredicativePredicateO.AdverbialAO.RO.v14.Do you have anything else to say?v15.To be honest，your pronunciation is not so good.v16.Would you please tell me your address?v17.He sat ther

22、e,reading a newspaper.v18.It is our duty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.v19.He noticed a man enter the room.v20.The apples tasted sweet.O.AttributeParenthesisO.AdverbialAdverbialPredicativeO.C.O.C.Predicative名词名词/代词代词/形容词形容词/副词副词/动词不定式动词不定式/动词动词-ing/动词动词-ed/从句从句主主语语谓谓语语宾语宾语宾语宾语宾补宾补表语表语/主补主补宾语宾

23、语(间)宾语宾语(直直)VtV-lVi名词名词/代词代词/The+形容词形容词动词动词-ing/从句从句/动词不定式动词不定式名词名词/代词代词/The+形容词形容词动词动词-ing/从句从句/动词不定式动词不定式be/feel/seem/lookappear/lie become/get/grow/turn go/come/remain/keeptaste/smell etc.名词名词/代词代词/形容词形容词/副词副词/动词不定式动词不定式/动词动词-ing/动词动词-ed/从句从句有关句子成分的真题：有关句子成分的真题：vIn the sentence Its no use waiting

24、 for her,the italicized phrase is)_.v A.the object B.an adverbial v C.a complement D.the subjectv本题为句子成分题。在本题为句子成分题。在Its no use waiting for her中，中，it为形式主语，句子真正的主语是动名词短语为形式主语，句子真正的主语是动名词短语waiting for her，故选故选D（P.14-18）。A意为意为“宾语宾语”，B意为意为“状语状语”，C意为意为“补语补语”。v2010Which of the following sentences has an o

25、bject complement?v A.The directors appointed John manager.v B.I gave Mary a Christmas present.v C.You have done Peter a favour.v D.She is teaching children English.v本题为句子成分题。宾语后面加上一个词或一个短语用来对宾本题为句子成分题。宾语后面加上一个词或一个短语用来对宾语的特征、状态等情况进行补充说明，这个成分称之为宾语补语的特征、状态等情况进行补充说明，这个成分称之为宾语补足语。它和前面的宾语一起形成足语。它和前面的宾语一起形

26、成“复合宾语复合宾语”，宾语和宾语补足，宾语和宾语补足语之间存在一种逻辑上的主谓关系。语之间存在一种逻辑上的主谓关系。选项选项A（P.14-18）中的中的manager和宾语和宾语John之间存在逻辑主谓关系，故为宾语补足语。之间存在逻辑主谓关系，故为宾语补足语。而选项而选项B、C、D中的动词后面都是双宾语。中的动词后面都是双宾语。2011In“How much do you think he earns?”,“how much”is _ of the sentence.vA.the subject B.the adverbialvC.the object D.the complementv题

27、解：题解：how much在句中作动词在句中作动词think 的宾语，主语的宾语，主语是是you，所以答案为所以答案为C(P.14-18)。v2009vWhich of the following italicized parts is used as an object?vA.What do you think has happened to her?vB.Who do you think the visiting professor is?vC.How much do you think he earns every month?vD.How quickly would you say h

28、e would come?v考查句子结构。考查句子结构。A、B、C选项中选项中do you think 是插入是插入语，语，A中中what 作主语作主语，B中中 Who作表语，作表语，C中中How much 作作earns 的宾语，的宾语，D中是状语。中是状语。故故选选C（P,14-18）v20111.Which of the following italicized phrases indicates CAUSE?v A.Why dont you do it for the sake of your friends?v B.I wish I could write as well as yo

29、u.C.For all his efforts,he didnt get an A.v D.Her eyes were red from excessive reading.v本题为句意理解题。句中的斜体字部分本题为句意理解题。句中的斜体字部分from excessive reading是眼睛红的原因，是眼睛红的原因，故故选选D(原原因状语因状语)。句意：由于看书太多，她的眼睛红了。句意：由于看书太多，她的眼睛红了v2010 Which of the following italicized phrases indicates purpose?vA.She said it for fun,bu

30、t others took her seriously.vB.For all its effort,the team didnt win the match.vC.Linda has worked for the firm for twenty years.vD.He set out for Beijing yesterday.v考查句子成分，选出目的状语。vA 目的状语：目的状语：“为了娱乐为了娱乐”vB 让步状语让步状语，“尽管付出了很多努力尽管付出了很多努力”vC 时间状语，时间状语，vD 地点状语。地点状语。v故故选选A 2011v4.Which of the following it

31、alicized parts is a subject clause?vA.We are quite certain that we will get there in time.vB.He has to face the fact that there will be no pay rise this year.vC.She said that she had seen the man earlier that morning.vD.It is sheer luck that the miners are still alive after ten days.v考查句子成分。考查句子成分。D

32、中中It是形式主语，是形式主语，that引导真实的主语从句，引导真实的主语从句，A是表语从句，是表语从句，B是同位语从句是同位语从句 C是宾语从句。是宾语从句。故选故选D(P.348)v2011v5.There is no doubt _ the couple did the right thing in coming back home earlier than planned.vA.whetherB.thatvC.whyD.whenv考查句子成分，考查句子成分，that引导同位语从句。引导同位语从句。v故选故选B(P.349)v201164Which of the following pr

33、epositional phrases is an adverbial of concession?AThey used the box for keeping treasuresBI stepped aside for her to get in firstCFor all that he seems to dislike me，I still like himDThe parents bought a birthday cake for their sonv64.答案：答案：C 考查句子成分考查句子成分-状语状语v201257which of the italicized parts fu

34、nctions as a subject?vAWe never doubt that her brother is honestvBThe problem is not who will go but who will stayvCYou must give it back to whoever it belongs to.vDIt is clear that the crime was done deliberatelyv57.答案：答案：D.考查主语从句考查主语从句(P.348)v201258which of the italicized parts functions as an obj

35、ect?v AHe doesnt like the idea of my speaking at the meetingv BIt is no use your pretending not to know the matterv CMy parents strongly object to my going out alone at nightv DHer falling into the river was the climax of the whole tripv答案：答案：C.考查句子成分和考查句子成分和V-ing分词分词（P.242）v2012v59All the following

36、 sentences have an appositive EXCEPTA.She bought herself a pair of new shoes.B.Only one problem still remains-the foodC.My friends all understand and support me.D.She liked her current job,teaching English.v答案：答案：A Av20122012v 62Which of the following prepositional phrases can function as an adverbi

37、al?vAAre you sure of Simons disappearance?vBThe man with a beard is talking to the manage.vCEvery precaution was taken against the failure of the planvDDespite the rain，everyone enjoyed the tripv答案：答案：(P.424)考查句子成分考查句子成分-状语状语v2012v52.Xinchun returned from aboard adifferentman.The italicized part functions as a(n)_.v A.appositive B.object v C.adverbial D.complementv解析：选解析：选D v2012