被动语态知识点讲解更全面,思路清晰

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1、被动语态一、主动语态与被动语态的概念：语态 -说明主语和谓语之间的关系英语动词的语态有两种：主动语态：表示主语是动作的执行者被动语态： 表示主语是动作的承受者( 常常没在有必要指出动作的执行者情况下使用)例： TheyspeakEnglish.（主动语态）主谓宾English is spoken by them.（被动语态）主语谓语介词短语注：及物动词有被动语态，不及物动词必须带有介词才可以有被动语态。例： We listen tothe teacher carefully in class.主谓宾 The teacheris listened toby uscarefully in clas

2、s.主语谓语介词短语 e laughed athim .He was laughed atby us.二、被动语态的结构与应用情况： 基本结构：肯定句式： be +done ( 及物动词的过去分词 )如果是不及物动词+ 相应的介词或副词否定句式： be +not +done疑问句式： be 动词（情态动词）放句首被动语态中的 be 为助动词，无意义。was ,were 或原形 be。be 可能是am , is , are也可能是注：被动语态的时态是由 be 的时态决定的， be 是什么时态，全句就是什么时态， be 后面的过去分词不变。Eg:、he song is liked by young

3、 people.(肯定句 )、he song isn t liked by young people（否定句）、Is the song liked by young people ?（一般疑问句）、Who is the song liked by ?=By whom is the song liked?疑问句）（特殊 各种时态的构成（动词以do 为例）：时 态动词的被动形式例句一般现在时 am/is /aredoneHeis asked to do this.一般过去时 was/were doneThestorywas toldby hermother.一般将来时will /shallbe d

4、oneThe problem will bediscussed tomorrow.Is/are going to过去将来时 should/wouldbedoneHesaid the treeswould be planted soon.Was/were are going to现在进行时am/is/are being doneThe novel is beingwritten.过去进行时 was/were being doneAtthattime the desk wasbeing made.现在完成时 has/have been doneThehouse has been built.过去完

5、成时 had been doneThey said that their workhad been finished.含有情态动词的被动语态: 情态动词 +be+ done Your homework must behanded in today.其它几种特殊句型： Itis saidthat .? ? ?Itiswellknownthat .? ? ? It is reported that?例： History is made by the people. (一般现在时 )The cars were made in Tianjin in 1995. (一般过去时 )The treewill

6、 be cut down next year.(一般将来时 )The room must be kept clean.（含有情态动词的被动语态）The dooris being opened.（现在进行时）The filmhas been seen by me.（现在完成时）注：不同时态的被动语态的差异主要体现在助动词be 的变化上 , 同时助动词be 还要在人称和数上与主语保持一致。（三）应用情况行为的执行者不明确或不必说出来。Eg: A stranger was killed last night.用于强调动作的承受者而不是执行者。Eg: The story is told everywh

7、ere in the city.三、主动语态改被动语态的方法：方法分为三步：把原主动句中的 宾语改成主语 （如果是人称代词同时应把宾格改为主格）谓语 动词改为被动形式be done( 时态不变，人称和数必须和新主语一致 )把原主动句的主语，如果需要的话放在介词 by 后面，以指明做事的人或物， 如果没有必要则省去 （by 短语 是代词，要用宾格形式）例： 1）The man killed a tiger. A tiger was killed by the man .(改的过程中要注意时态和语态两个方面 )2）Theyare repairing the machine. The machine

8、 is being repaired by them.3) The workershave done the job. The job has been done by the workers.四、特殊句型的被动语态：含有使役动词（ make/let/have ）或感官动词（ hear ,see,listento ,lookat ,find ,watch, feel, notice, observe等）的句子，在主动语态中这些词后常跟不带 to 的动词不定式， 但是在改成被动语态时， 则一定要把省去的to 再加上去，另外help这一个词在主动语态中后面的动词不定式可以带to,也可不带to,但在

9、被动语态中也必须把to加上去。例： Mother oftenmakesme do some housework.Iamoftenmade to dosome housework by mother.We saw himrun into the classroom.He was seen to runinto the classroom by us.teach ,give,pass ,show ,buy, tell等动词常常带有两个宾语（双宾语：直接宾语和间接宾语） ，改为被动语态时，两个宾语可以选其中任一个作主语。如果直接宾语被提前作主语，那么间接宾语（一般是人）前要加相应的介词 to/for

10、 。例： he gave me a pen.= She gave a pen to me. I was given a pen by her.A pen was given to me by her.My father bought me a newbike.= My father bought a new bike forme. I was bought a new bike by my father.A new bike was bought for me by my father.由不及物动词（ vi ） +介词 / 副词宾语的句子改成被动语态时，介词或副词不能丢掉。 ( 前面已举过两例

11、 ) 常见的这类短语动词有 :take care of, lookafter, take off, look at, send for, look up等。例： e shouldspeak toold people politely.Old people shouldbe spoken topolitely ( by us).He took awaythe box.The box was taken away by him.含有宾语补足语的句子改为变动语态。（宾补放在原来位置不变）例： We call him Xiao Ma.主谓宾宾补 e is called Xiao Ma by us.He

12、 found the book very interesting.The book was found very interesting by him.(5) 主动表示被动Want, need, require表“需要”时有两种被动语态形式。The room requires cleaning.requires to be cleaned.Worth doing表示被动。The book is well worth reading.五、没有被动语态的动词1.表示状态或特征的及物动词如: sell, study, grow, begin, read, cost,fit, have, suit等没

13、有被动形式，2.不及物动词或动词短语如 : appear,die ,disappear, end (vi.结束 ),fail,last,lie,remain, sit,spread（传播）, stand,cometrue,fallasleep,rise,.result from(缘于 ) ， belong to, consist ofhappen = take place, break out(爆发 ) ，break down( 坏了 )3. 大多数系动词 ：be ,feel( 摸起来 ) ，sound( 听起来 ) ，look( 看起来 ) ，smell( 闻起来 ) taste（尝起来）

14、,prove( 证明 ) ， turn, become, remain, stay等词无被动语态，它们的主动形式表示被动意义。例： The skirt feels very soft.这件裙子摸起来很柔软。Many changes have happened in our hometown.The film lasted for 3 hours.The booksellswell.The kind of clothcleans/washeseasily.被动语态考点归纳主动语态改为被动语态时，被动语态应和主动语态的时态保持一致。We speak English .（改为被动语态）English

15、 _ _ by us.分析此句主动语态为一般现在时态， 被动语态也应用一般现在时态， 因此，答案应是 is spoken 。注意被动语态的谓语结构：一般现在时是：时是： was / were + p.p；现在完成时是：进行时是： am / is / are / + being + p.pbe + p.p 。（注： p.p 过去分词）。am / is / are + p.p；一般过去have / has / been + p.p；现在；含有情态动词的是：情态动词Wemust take good care of our eyes.（改为被动语态）Our eyes must _ good care

16、of.分析此句中含有情态动词 must，那么，我们根据“情态动词 be+p.p. ” 的公式可知，答案应是 be taken 。3. 注意句中主谓语的一致关系。Tea _ （grow）in southeast of China and India.分析此句中主语tea 是不可数名词，作主语时谓语动词应用单数形式。而此句说明的又是一自然现象，因此就应用一般现在时态。所以，答案应是isgrown。4. 注意复合宾语的变化They couldn t make the cow go.（改为被动语态）分析 the cow go在句中作 make的复合宾语。一般情况下，变为被动语态后，宾语补足语的结构形式

17、、所处位置原封不动地保存下来，但make/ have /let / see / watch / hear等后原可省的 to 要还原回来。显然，此句中，thecow go 中省去的 to 应还原回来，因此答案应是 The cow couldn t be madeto go.5.注意双宾语的变化。Mr Smith showed the students two pictures yesterday .Two pictures _ _ _ the students by Mr Smith.（改为被动语态）分析变为被动语态时，双宾语中的任何一个皆可变为主语，一般变直接宾语，但间接宾语前必须加上介词to 或 for 。此句中显然是把直接宾语变为被动语态的主语，那么，间接宾语前须加上介词to ，所以答案应是 were shown to 。6. 注意短语动词中的“小词”。The old men and the children _ in our country.A. must take good care? ?B. must be taken good careC. must be taken good care of? ? D. must take good care of分析短语动词是一个不可分割的整体，应当做一个词来看待，变成被动语态后，“小词”不能丢弃。因此，此题答案应是C。