高中新课程作业本_化学_选修4-化学反应原理答案（New curriculum in high school chemistry _ elective 4 - chemical reaction theory answer）

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1、高中新课程作业本_化学_选修4-化学反应原理答案（New curriculum in high school chemistry _ elective 4 - chemical reaction theory answer）Answers and tipsTopic 1 chemical reaction and energy changeHeat effect in unit 1 chemical reaction1. Change of enthalpy of chemical reaction (1)1. = E2-2 E1 put D3. B4. D5. B6, D7. C8. A9.

2、 A10. C11. A12. B13.2 H2 O2 (g) (g) + 2 h2o (l) = 22.4 QkJ, mol, 12. Change of enthalpy of chemical reaction (2)1. C2. D3. (1) = E1 and E2 (2) H, H, N N, NHHH391kJ945. 6 kj4. (1) the H2 o2 (g) (g) + 12 H2O (l) = - 286 kJ, mol, 1 (2) CO (g) + 12 o2 (g) (g) CO2 =, - 283 kJ mol, 1 (3), C (s) + H2O (g)

3、CO + H2 (g) (g) = + 131.5 kJ, mol, 1 (4) SiH4 o2 (g) (g) + 2 SiO2 (s) + 2 H2O (g) = 1427.2 kJ mol - 15.9.66.14.537. C8. E1 E2 E3 H1 H29. CO (g) + 12 o2 (g) (g) CO2 = - 280 kj mol - 13. Measurement and calculation of heat of reaction1. C2. D3. C4. C5. (1) circular glass stirring rod (2) 3 (3) is smal

4、l. Because in the process of the experiment is (4) the heat loss is equal and unequal heat refers to acid and alkali neutralization reaction generated 1 molh2o release of energy, has nothing to do with the amount of acid and alkali 6. (1) the B2H6 O2 (g) (g) + 3 B2O3 (s) + 3 h2o (l) =, - 2165 kj mol

5、, 1 (2), Fe2O3 (s) co (g) fe 2 + 3 (s) + co2 (g) 3 = 25 kj mol, 1 (3), a 2 c (s) + O2 (g) 2 co (g) = - 221 kj, mol - 17. C8. BMake the most of energy1. A2. D3. B4. C5. B6. B7. - 392.928-2900 kj mol - 1C4H10 o2 (g) (g) + 132 4 co2 (g) + 5 h2o (l) = - 2900 kj, mol - 19. D10. (1) Mg (OH) 2 and Al (OH)

6、3 absorb a large amount of heat when it is heated, causing the environmental temperature to drop; Simultaneously generate high temperature resistance, good stability of MgO style, Al2O3 cover on the fuel surface, better flame retardant effect of Mg (OH) 2 (2) the heat efficiency of Mg (OH) 2 as foll

7、ows: 81.5 kJ mol - 1/58, g. = 1.41 kJ mol - 1 g - 1, the heat efficiency of Al (OH) 3 as follows: 87.7 kJ mol - 1/78, g. mol, 12 kJ - 1 = 1 g, 1, such as the quality of Mg (OH) 2 Al (OH) 3 endothermic (3) (3) four bromine ethane, triphenyl phosphate low boiling point, high temperature smoke generate

8、d from time to tome, and high temperature decomposition of toxic and harmful pollutants. , such as inorganic flame retardant Mg (OH) 2 and Al (OH) 3 smokeless, non-toxic, corrosion resistance at high temperature as small 11. (1) N2H4 2 h2o2 (l) (l) + N2 + 4 h2o (g) (g) = 641.5 kJ mol - 1(2) the prod

9、uct has no pollution to the environmentUnit 2 transformation of chemical energy and electrical energy1. Working principle of the original battery (1)1. D5. D5. D6. D6. D6(2) no. Formation of closed loop (3) C8. (1) mg-2e-mg2 + 2H + 2e-h2(2) 2 Al + 2 naoh + 2 + 3 h2 h2o2naalo2 write Al (3 D)2. Workin

10、g principle of the original battery (2)1. C2, C3, C4. A5. A6. D7 D8. C9. (1) 2 h2 + 4 OH - 4 e - 4 h2oo2 + 2 h2o + 4 e - 4 OH - (2) zinc - e - 2 + 2 OH - zinc (OH) 22 mno2 + 2 e - OH - h2o2mnooh + 2 + 23. Chemical power supply1. B2. (1) Pb (2) PbO2 + 4H + + so2-4 + 2e-pbso4 + 2H2O (3) increases (4)

11、negative (5) positive and negative (6) PbSO4 oxidation reduction.(1) Zn reduces Zn + Ag2OZnO + 2Ag (2) negative Yin ZnO + H2O + 2e-zn + 2oh-4. C58. C9. (1) electrolyte solution (2) Al (3) silver sulfide4. Working principle and application of the electrolytic pool (1)1. C2. D3. B4. 5. (1) HNO3 (or KN

12、O3) (2) AgNO3 (3) HCl (or KCl)6. (1) the original battery electrolytic pool (2) negative Zn - 2e-zn2 + positive Cu2 + 2e-cu Yang 2Cl - 2e-cl2 up the arrow solution turns red (3) reduce 0.65 increase 0.017.2 H2O electrolysis 2H2 arrow + O2 arrow B8. B9.0.2 mol L 15. Working principle and application

13、of the electrolytic pool (2)1. D2. B3. D4. C5. (1) 2 h + + 2e - H2 up the gas, the solution turns red2Cl - 2e - Cl2 arrow to make wet starch KI test paper blue (2) pure copper Cu2 + + 2e-cuCu - 2e - Cu2 + 6. B7. D8. (1) is positive (2) Ag2.16 (3)Unit 3 corrosion and protection of metalElectrochemica

14、l corrosion of metalsElectrochemical protection of metal1. B2. D3. (1) neutral or weak acid absorption 2Fe - 4e - 2H2O + 2H2O + 4e-4oh -(2) hydrogenate. (2) hydrogenate. (2)8. D9. A10. D11. (1) aluminum surface with a layer of dense oxide film, can protect the internal metal (2) the function of the

15、electrolyte solution of NaCl solution, enhanced conductivity (3) aluminum and alumina can react with alkali to 12. (1) the Fe 2-4-2 e fe2 + 2 h2o + O2 + 4 e - 4 OH - Fe 2 + 2 h2o + O22Fe Fe (OH) 2 (2) 4 (OH) 2 + 2 h2o + O24Fe Fe (OH) 3, 2 (OH) 3 fe2o3 + 3 h2oTopic 11. A2. C3. A4. B5. B6, D7. A8. A9.

16、 D10. C11. B12. Bl3. B14. B15. D16. D17. B18. (1) HCl (or CuCl2)(2) H2SO4 (or Na2SO4) (3) CuSO4 (or NaCl) 19. (1) reduction of 2Cu2 + + 4e-2cu (2) oxidation4 oh - 4 e - 2 h2o + O2 write (3) 6.4 g1.12 L constant 20 smaller (4) 12.8 g. (1) the exothermic 1 molh2 and 0.5 (2) the chemical bond rupture i

17、n molO2 molecules need to absorb heat 1 molh2 molO2 (g) and 0.5 (g) to react under certain conditions to produce the 1 molh2o gives off heat, 21 (1) to 218 218 kj mol, 1 (2), a heat of reaction is equal to the reactant keys can be minus the product keyTopic 2 chemical reaction rate and chemical equi

18、libriumUnit 1 chemical reaction rate1. Expression of chemical reaction rate1. C2. (1) A (2) C (3) B3. C4. D5. C6. The decrease of reactant concentration in the unit time or the concentration of the products increases mol l-1 s-1 or mol l-1 or mol l-1 h-17.0.1 mol L 1 min min - 10.2 mol L - 1-10.3-1

19、mol L b3c min - 1 a + 28. D9. A10. (1) A, BC (2) 3mol l-1 min-12mol l-1 min-13mol l-1 min -1 (3) 3A + 2B3C2. Factors influencing the rate of chemical reaction (1)1. C2. A3, A4 C5, C6. (1) increasing the concentration of H2, the reaction rate increases (2) the same container volume constant, the conc

20、entration of H2, I2 and HI increase with the decrease of the container volume is constant (3), the concentration of H2, I2 and HI decreased both 7. A8. B9. C10.(1) 0 25 mol L 1, (2) 0 25 min - 1 mol L 1 min - 1 (3) 2 min before faster. Because the H + concentration in the previous 2min solution is l

21、arger than the H + concentration in the solution3. Factors influencing the rate of chemical reaction (2)1. D2. C3. B4. D5. C6. D78. A USES the catalyst to increase the reaction rate, while the pressure of the car exhaust pipe cannot be changed, and the temperature is already highThe direction and li

22、mits of chemical reaction in unit 21. The direction of chemical reaction1. D2. B3. C4, C5, C6. (1) heat absorption, system chaotic degree increased (2) the exothermic, chaos system decrease of exothermic, (3) system chaotic degree increased 7. The former is the reaction of the entropy decreases, whi

23、le the latter is the reaction of the entropy increase 8. B9. The D10. A.2. Judge the direction of chemical reaction1. C2. C3. D4. A5. C6. B7. D8. B9. Slightly3. Chemical equilibrium state1. A2. C3. D4, D5, A6. D7. A8. Equal positive reaction rate and adverse reaction rate, the concentration of the r

24、eactants and products are no longer change 9. Reversible reaction has certain limits, 1 moln2 and 3 molh2 mixed reaction, the generated NH3 is always less than 2 mol, so the release quantity of heat is always less than 92 4 kj10. C11. A4. Chemical equilibrium constant1. D2. C3. A4. C5. B6. (1) K = c

25、2 (CO) c (CO2) (2) K = c2 (HI) c (H2), c (I2) (3) K = c (CO2) c (CO) 7. C8, C9. K = 7.32 x 10-3, N2:5 mol L 1, H2:15 mol L 1Unit 3. Chemical equilibrium movement1. Influence of concentration change on chemical equilibrium2. Influence of pressure change on chemical equilibrium1. D2. C3. C4. C5. (1) m

26、 + n 18. (1) 0.05 mol L - 1 (2) (3) (5) (4) 19. (1) (2) K = 0 002 c2 (NO2) c (N2O4 (3) the heat absorption(4) slightly 20. (1) the greater the surface area of solid reactant 1 and 2 (or 4 and 5) and (2) 1, 3, 4, 6, 8 (or 2 and 5) and (3) reaction temperature 6 and 7, 8 and 9 (4) may be excessive sul

27、fate, all metal reaction, equal to the heat release,Therefore, the temperature of the equal volume solution is increased by 21.30%Topic 3 ion reactions in solutionUnit 1 ionization equilibrium of weak electrolyte1. Strong electrolytes and weak electrolytes1. A2. D3. B4, B5, B6, B7, B8. C9. A10. (2)

28、(1) (3)(4) 11. There are differences in the degree of ionization take such as volume, such as concentration of sodium hydroxide solution and ammonia water conductivity experiment, respectively, the former light bulb brightness than the latters appearance with the concentration of sodium hydroxide so

29、lution and ammonia, the degree of ionization2. Ionization equilibrium of weak electrolytes1. B2. B3. A4. C5. A6. C7, C8, C9. B10. A11.Balance mobile number of H + c (H +) c (CH3COO -) ionization equilibrium constant conductive ability of the degree of ionization solution with NaOH (s) moves to the r

30、ight to reduce flux increase with the decrease of constant increase HCl (g) left more constant decrease increase with NaAc (s) left to reduce and increase with the decrease of constant decreases Na2CO3 (s) moves to the right to reduce decreases with increasing of constant increase micro heat moves t

31、o the right moves to the right more increase increase increase with glacial acetic acid increases with increasing of constant decreases add water moves to the right increase with the decrease of constant decrease reduce 12. (1) 0 001 mol L 1 (2) less than for ammonia weak electrolytes, the greater t

32、he concentration, the smaller the degree of ionization, so 1 mol L - 1 ammonia with 0 1 mol L - 1 ammonia in c (OH -) the ratio of less than 1013. (1), NH3 + H2ONH3 H2OH2O, NH3, NH3 H2O, NH3 H2ONH, (2) + 4 + OH -, H2OOH + H + NH + 4, OH, H + (3) to the right of NH3, NH3 H2O, OH - concentration decre

33、ases, and NH + 4, H + concentration increased (4) take a small amount of ammonia, dripping with phenolphthalein, red solution. Add a small amount of ammonium chloride crystal, and if the color is weak, there is an equilibrium in ammonia3. Common weak electrolytes1. D2. D3. A4. D5. C6. B7. B8. A9.Tak

34、e measures ionization degree of ionization constant balance movement n (OH -) c (OH -) micro heat to the right to increase increase with adding a small amount of dilute aqua ammonia concentration constant increase mobile unchanged unchanged plus a small amount of concentration of hydrochloric acid w

35、ith the same increase with the decrease of water stays the same right to the right to increase the reduced increase access to reduce a small amount of ammonia unchanged 10.10% increase with the decrease of increase to the right 11.1.33 x 10-3-1 mol L,0.75 x 10-11-1 mol LThe acid alkalinity of the se

36、cond unit solution1. The acid alkalinity of the solution1. The A2, A3 C4. D5. C6. C7. B8. A9. B10. B11. C12. D13. A14. C15. (1) incorrect. The pH test paper is diluted with distilled water. If the neutral solution is determined, there is no error (2) both have a large pH value and the latter error i

37、s larger2. Acid base and titration (1)1. C2. C3. D4. A5. A6. B7. C8. A9. 3.2 (2) D (1)10.0 1233 mol L - 1233. (1) BDCEAF (2) reduce error (3) within the conical flask to colorless liquid, and after half a minute is still the colorless solution (4) within the conical flask color 12. C3. Acid base and

38、 titration (2)1. B2. C3. B4. B5. (1) (2) overestimated (3) (4) overestimated (5) low low low (6) (7) high (8) (9) on the high side (10) on the high side 6. (1) balance, small beaker and spoon (2) small beaker, glass rod, 250 ml volumetric flask and glue dropper head (3) alkali type buret (or pipette

39、) (4) left acid solution in the conical flask right color change (5) 0.4020 mol l-1 (6) 98.05% 7. D8. DThe hydrolysis of unit 3 salt1. Hydrolysis of salts (1)1. B2. D3, D4. B5. D6. B7. A8. D9. B10. D11. C12. B13. B14. (1) alkaline, CH3COO - + H2OCH3COOH + OH - (2) acid, NH + 4 + H2ONH3, h2onh2 + H +

40、 (3) neutral (4) acid, Cu2 + + 2H2OCu (OH) 2 + 2H +(5) basic, CO2-3 + H2OHCO - 3 + OH - (6) alkaline, HCO - 3 + h2oh2 co3 + OH - 15Alkaline neutral 16. (1) H2OH + + OH - CH3COOHH + CH3COO - + H2OCH3COOH + OH - (2) 7 (3) Na + Cl - (4) CH3COOH, CH3COO -Hydrolysis of salt (2)1. D2. C3. A4. B5. C6. C7,

41、C8, C9. B10. AThe color of the sodium bicarbonate of phenolphthphthalein is deepened because the heating promotes hydrolysis, making the c (OH -) increase. The temperature decreases after heating and the hydrolysis degree decreases. When the second student heats the sodium bicarbonate solution, the

42、sodium bicarbonate is broken down into sodium carbonate, and the solution alkalinity is increased by 1314. (1) BmAn (2) Am - Am - + H2OHA (m - 1) + OH -3. Factors influencing salt hydrolysis (1)1. B2. A3. C4. A5. A6. D7. B8. B9. B10. C(1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (1) (2) (

43、1) (2) (1) (1) (2) (1) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) (1) (2) To the right, to decrease, to decrease; To the right, to decrease, to increase; To the right, to decrease, to decrease; Left, enlarged, enlarged; Left, enlarged and reduced; To the right, to reduce

44、, to reduce, 16. Red CO2-3 + H2OHCO - 3 + OH -, HCO - 3 + H2OH2CO3 + OH - solution red to deepen the heat to promote hydrolysis, OH - concentration increases4. Factors influencing salt hydrolysis (2)1. B2. B3. A4. B5. D6. A7. D8. B9. A small amount of dilute hydrochloric acid oxidation prevent Fe2 +

45、 was 10. ClO - + H2OHClO + OH -, acid in the solution, make the balance to the moving direction, c (HClO) increases, bleaching effect improved 11. (1) NH4Cl (1), (2) NH4Cl, NH3 H2ONH4Cl, HCl, (3) is less than or more than 12. Plant ash alkaline aqueous solution, make part of ammonium nitrogen ammoni

46、a loss by volatilizationUnit 4. Settling equilibrium1. Dissolve the equilibrium1. B. B. C11. AgCl (s) dissolved precipitation cl-(aq) + Ag + (aq) Ksp = c (Ag +) c (Cl -); Mg (OH) 2Mg2 + + 2oh-ksp = c (Mg2 +) ? c2 (OH -) 12. Mg (OH) 2Mg2 + + 2OH -, when sodium acetate is added, the hydrolysis of sodi

47、um acetate is alkaline, so that the dissolved equilibrium is moved to the left, so the quality of magnesium hydroxide is slightly increased; When ammonium chloride is added, the hydrolysis of ammonium chloride is acidic, so that the dissolved equilibrium is moved to the right, so the quality of magn

48、esium hydroxide is reduced by 13. Take supernatant liquid droplets and Na2S solution, precipitation and producing black 14. White light yellow yellow AgCl, AgBr, the solubility of AgI, in turn, reduce the 15. (3) (4) (1) (2) 16. (1) saturated dynamic balance (2) unsaturated continue to dissolve (3)

49、the supersaturated precipitation precipitation2. Application of precipitation dissolving balance (1)(2) it has two sexes.The ionization equation is as follows: H2O + AlO - 2 + H + Al (OH) 3Al3 + + 3OH -. The majority of Al (OH) 3 is not dissolved in water because it is very weak. When adding acid, H

50、 + and the ionization of OH - alkali type, undermining the aluminum hydroxide ionization balance, the balance to generate OH - direction, so aluminum hydroxide dissolved in acid. Similarly, when adding alkali solution, OH - neutralize the acid type ionization of H +, make the balance to the acid typ

51、e ionization direction, so that aluminum hydroxide also dissolved in alkali (2) because the solubility of CO2 in water, soluble in water reaction of CO2 with a small amount of water, generated carbonic acid, carbonic acid only weak ionization. Calcium carbonate dissolves in water. The concentration

52、of CO2 in the solution of calcium chloride without ammonia is very small, and it is not enough to combine with Ca2 - to form precipitation. But to drop with calcium chloride solution of ammonia into CO2, the formation of carbonate ion of H + and NH3 combination generation NH + 4, making the ionizati

53、on equilibrium in the direction of positive reaction of carbonate, CO2-3 concentration in the solution increases, the balance of calcium carbonate dissolved in the water to the reverse reaction direction, thus will see a lot of white precipitate 7 D8. (1) CaSO4Ca2 + + SO2-4, Na2CO3CO2-3 + 2 na +, Ca

54、2 + + CO2-3 CaCO3 left (2) the CaSO4 + CO2-3 CaCO3 left + SO2-4 (3) the CaSO4 Ksp (1.96 x 10-4) is greater than that of CaCO3 Ksp (8.7 x 10 to 9) - 3 (4) BaSO4 in CO2 concentration can generate larger solution BaCO3, after reaching balance, remove the supernatant fluid, plus saturated sodium carbona

55、te solution. With this repeated treatment, BaSO4 can be converted into BaCO3 most of the time3. Application of precipitation solution balance (2)1. (1) FeSFe2 + + S2 -, 2 H + + S2 - H2S write, after joining hydrochloride, S2 - combined with H + generated hydrogen sulfide gas, the balance of dissolve

56、d to the right, FeS melting - 3, (2) CaCO3Ca2 + + CO2 CH3COOHCH3COO - + H +, CO2-3 + 2 H + CO2 + H2O, the balance of dissolution is moving to the right (3) the Mg (OH) 2 magnesium 2 + + 2 OH -, NH + 4 + H2ONH3 H2O + H +, H+ OH - H2O, NH4Cl hydrolysis acidic, H + and OH - combined into difficult ioni

57、zation of H2O, Mg (OH) 2 are dissolved 2. (1) 2 so2 caco3 + O2 + 2 + 4 h2o2 (CaSO4 2 H2O) + O2 + 2 + 2 co22so2 Ca (OH) 2 + 2 h2o2 (CaSO4 2 H2O) (2) Ca (OH) 2, slightly soluble in water, clarify the lime water Ca (OH) 2 concentration is small, is not conducive to absorb SO23. PbS soluble sulfideTopic

58、 3 test questions1. C2. B3. D4. C5. B6. A7. C8. D9. B10. B11. A12. A13. A14. C15. B16. B17. C18. B19. A20. C21. (1) acid (2) acid (3) neutral. (4) 23 ADE24. 10-1410-12 (1) (2) 2, 9 (3) 0 00425. (1) D (2) (3) C (1), NH3 H2ONH + 4 (2), NH + 4 H +Total review questions1. D2. C3. B4. A5. C6. D7. A8. B9.

59、 D10. D11. A12. D13. B14. B15. B16. A17. C18. C19. C20. B21. D22. B23. B24. A25. B26. D27. D28. B29. The C30. C31 microcomputer. B32. A33. A34. B35. AD36. D37. 38 suitable temperature and high pressure.(1) 4AgNO3 + 2H2O. 4Ag + O2 + 4HNO3 (2)(3) o2112 ml39. (1) O2, SO2 (2) 0.55 mol l-1 s-1 (3) 5 mol l-140. 23.1% (1) (2) c (SO3) 2 c (SO2) 2 c. (O2) (3) 16 p1341. (1) the NH3 H2