高考英语考点透析-非谓语动词

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1、非谓语动词高考考点透析 非谓语动词包括动词不定式、分词和动名词三种形式。它既是中学英语中重要的语法，也是高考的必考点。现就这一语言现象归纳如下。一、 不定式1.不定式由“ to+动词原形”构成。其否定形式是“not to+动词原形”，若加强语气可用“never to+动词原形”。不定式不能作谓语，但可以充当主语、表语、宾语、宾语补足语、定语和状语。2.不定式的时态和语态。（1）一般时。一般时表示的动作，有时与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，有时发生在谓语动词的动作之后。（2004年北京卷）My adviser encouraged _ a summer course to improve my w

2、riting skills.A.for me takingB.me takingC.for me to takeD.me to take Key：D（2）进行时。表示动作正在进行，与谓语动词表示的动作同时发生。They seem to be talking about you.（3）完成时。表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。（2007年重庆卷）Leonardo da Vinci（14521519）_ birds kept in cages in order to have the pleasure of setting them free.A.is said to be buying B

3、.is said to have boughtC.had said to buyD.has said to have bought Key：B（4）完成进行时。She is known to have been working on the problem for many years.3.不定式所作的句子成分。（1）作主语。Not to have a correct goal is like having no soul.（2）作表语。不定式可放在be动词后面，形成表语。The important thing you do is _ your balance.A.kept B.being k

4、ept C.to have kept D.keep解析如果不定式对前面do的意思作精确解释，不定式符号to可省略，故答案选D。（3）作宾语。（2005年天津卷）I dont want _ like Im speaking ill of anybody，but the managers plan is unfair.A.to soundB.to be soundedC.soundingD.to have sounded Key：A（4）作宾语补足语。Father will not allow us to play on the street.（5）作定语。不定式作定语通常要放在被修饰的词后。He

5、 is the man to send it.（the man是动作的执行者）He is the man to be sent.（the man是动作的承受者）考点拓展不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰的词构成动宾关系。I have some food to eat.不定式作定语时，不定式常表示将来。（2005年湖南卷）I send you 100 dollars today，the rest _ in a year.A.followsB.followedC.to followD.being followed Key：C个别的不定式作定语时，不定式与被修饰的词有主谓或同位关系。（2007年全国卷）

6、The last one _ pays the meal.Agreed！A.arrivedB.arrivesC.to arriveD.arriving Key：C不定式如果是不及物动词或者不定式所修饰的名词或代词是不定式动作的地点、工具等，不定式后面须有相应的介词。The chair looks rather hard，but in fact it is very comfortable to _.A.sit B.sit on C.be seat D.be sat on解析如果不定式为不及物动词，其后应加上相应的介词，故答案选B。不定式所修饰的名词如果是time，place或way时，不定式后

7、面的介词习惯上可省略。Here is the way to come every day.（6）作状语。目的状语。（2006年广东卷）_ this cake，youll need two eggs，175g sugar and 175g flour.A.Having madeB.MakeC.To makeD.Making Key：C表示出乎预料的结果，要放在句子后面。（2006年陕西卷）He hurried to the booking office only _ that all the tickets had been sold out.A.to tell B.to be told C.t

8、elling D.told Key：B（7）其他用法。疑问词不定式。疑问词不定式可做主语、宾语、表语等。How to deal with waste is a big problem.I dont know what to write about.不定式的复合结构。如果表示对某人的性格、品德进行描述，或对某人表示赞扬或指责，用It is of sb to do sth；其他情况则用It is for sb to do sth。Its very nice of you to help me.Its very important for us to learn English well.如果一个不

9、定式在第二次出现时，可以省略其动词，但要保留to。（1998年上海卷）Does your brother intend to study German？Yes，he intends _.A./ B.to C.so D.that Key：B用and连接几个不定式时，只保留第一个to。It is necessary to read and write.（8）不定式的主动形式表示被动意义。在系表结构中，在difficult，easy，hard，interesting，pleasant，nice，fit，dangerous等词后的不定式常用主动表示被动。The fish is not fit to e

10、at.二、 分词分词分为现在分词和过去分词。现在分词有一般时和完成时。一般时表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为，完成时（having+过去分词）表示在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生的动作。1.现在分词。现在分词的时态和语态：有一般时、完成时，主动语态和被动语态之分。（1）一般时。表示和谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生的行为。（2007年全国卷）At the beginning of class，the noise of desks _ could be heard outside the classroom.A.opened and closed B.to be opened and clos

11、edC.being opened and closed D.to open and close Key：C（2）完成时。表示分词所表示的动作先于主句谓语动词发生。（2005年江西卷）The manager，_ it clear to us that he didnt agree with us，left the meeting room.A.who has madeB.having madeC.madeD.making Key：B（3）现在分词的用法。作状语。分词或分词短语作状语时，可表原因、时间、行为方式和伴随状况等。（2007年北京卷）He is a student at Oxford U

12、niversity，_ for a degree in computer science.A.studiedB.studyingC.to have studiedD.to be studying Key：B当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时，分词必须有自己的主语。It being fine，we want to go out.作定语。通常单个的分词做定语时，放在被修饰的名词之前，分词短语做定语时，放在被修饰的名词之后。（2001年上海卷）The bell _ the end of the period rang，_ our heated discussion.A.indicating；int

13、errupting B.indicated；interruptingC.indicating；interruptedD.indicated；interrupted Key：A作表语。作表语多表示主语所具有的特征。The story is astonishing.作补足语。动词see，watch，hear，feel，find，get，keep，observe，notice，let，have后可接补足语。（2007年北京卷）Excuse me sir，where is Room 301？Just a minute.Ill have Bob _ you to your room.A.show B.s

14、hows C.to show D.showing Key：A常见的现在分词作介词的有：including（包括），following（在之后）。 Following this quarrel，they understand each other much better.2.过去分词。过去分词表示在谓语动词之前发生的动作，本身有被动和完成的含义，所以只有一般时没有完成时；而不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示主动和完成的含义。（1）作定语。过去分词作定语通常表示完成的或被动的动作。（2007年湖南卷）Things _ never come again！I couldnt help tal

15、king to myself.A.lostB.losingC.to loseD.have lost Key：A（2）作表语。通常表示主语所处的状态或感受。（2007年山东卷）Please remain _ until the plane has come to a complete stop.A.to seat B.to be seated C.seating D.seated Key：D（3）作宾语补足语。 I found him seated under a tree，reading a book.（4）作状语。（2007年四川卷）The flowers his friend gave h

16、im will die unless _ every day.A.wateredB.wateringB.waterD.to water Key:A三、 动名词动名词由V-ing构成，具有动词和名词的性质，在句中起名词作用，可作主语、表语、宾语和定语。1.动名词的时态与语态。动名词的时态有一般时和完成时两种，如果动名词的动作与谓语动作同时发生或相差不多，动名词用一般时即可。（1）动名词的一般时。（2007年江西卷）Can I smoke here？Sorry.We dont allow _ here.A.people smokingB.people smokeC.to smokeD.smokin

17、g Key：D（2）动名词的完成时。表示的动作发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。She regretted having missed the film.2.动名词的用法。（1）作主语。（2005年北京卷）Its necessary to be prepared for a job interview._ the answers ready will be of great help.A.To have had B.Having had C.Have D.Having Key：D（2）作表语。Her job is sweeping the floor（3）作宾语。（2005年上海卷）He got

18、well?鄄prepared for the job interview，for he couldnt risk _ the good opportunity.A.to lose B.losing C.to be lostD.being lost Key：B注意：动名词与不定式都可作宾语，且意义相同的有：like，love，hate，begin，start，continue，prefer。动名词与不定式作宾语意义不同，不定式指要做而还没做的事，而动名词则表示已做过的事。这些词有：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等。She regretted

19、missing the lecture.She regretted to tell him that he has failed.need，want，require三个动词，当主语是动作的承受者时，后面的宾语有两种形式，即：need/want/require+doing/to be done。（2007年陕西卷）As a result of the serious flood，two-thirds of the buildings in the area _.A.need repairing B.needs to repair C.needs repairingD.need to repair

20、 Key：A（4）作定语。He has a reading room.This is a walking stick.（5）动名词的复合结构形式为：名词所有格或物主代词+doing。有时由物主代词或人称代词宾格、名词所有格或普通格加动名词构成。在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。His coming made me very happy.He didnt mind her crying.（1998年上海卷）What worried the child most was _ to visit his mother in the hospital.A.his not allowed B.his not being allowed C.his being not allowedD.having not been allowed Key：B在口语中可用普通格或宾格，但在句子开头必须用名词所有格或物主代词。（2005年安徽卷）I really cant understand _ her like that.A.you treat B.you to treat C.why treat D.you treating Key：D