非谓语动词教学案

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1、语法复习专题非谓语动词概念：在句中不充当谓语角色的动词形式，它的划分有两种标准（一）：不定式；分词（过去分词与现在分词）；动名词（二）：不定式；v-ing.形式；过去分词.一、考点聚焦1、非谓语动词的句法功能名称形式语 法 功 能 主语宾语宾语补足语表语定语状语不定式to do/to be doneto be doing(经常)to have(been) done动名词doing现在分词doinghaving(been) done(动作完成)过去分词done可代替having been done2、动词不定式复习中应注意的几个问题（1）不定式作表语与“be + to do sth.”的异同。不

2、定式作表语说明主语的内容或性质。His job is to guard.(说明内容)The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier,it more difficult.A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not makeHaving a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _whether they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C.

3、seeing D. seenbe + to do sth.(表示按计划要做的事，或必将发生的，或表示命令等口吻)翻译:这项计划得提前三天完成.（2）带不定式作宾语的词语，构成v.+ to do 形式。下列词语常不定式作宾语：afford、promise、refuse、expect、hope、learn、offer、wish、want、fail、plan、agree、forget、like、prefer、decide、manage、try、arrange、determine、desire等。We agreedhere but so far she hasnt turned up yet. A.

4、having metB. meeting C. to meetD .to have metI dont know whether you happen , but Im going to study in the U.S.A. this September . (2004高考辽宁卷)Ato be heard Bto be hearing Cto hear Dto have heard 下列动词后可接疑问词+不定式，构成decide what to do .,wonder how to deal with sth.等形式：teach、decide、wonder、show、learn、forget

5、、ask、find、out、advise、discuss等。示例:1). Ive worked with children before , so I know what _in my new job.Aexpect ed Bto expectCto be expecting Dexpects2). It is said in Australia there is more land than the government knows_. A. it what to do with B. what to do it with C. what to do with it D. to do wha

6、t with it3). The mother didn t know _to blame for the broken glass as it happened while she was out. A. who B. when C. how D. what（3）如何理解和使用不定式作宾补。 动词see、watch、notice、hear、listen to、observe、feel、taste、smell、make、let、have等的宾补用动词原形，变被动时要加to,此时的不定式就是主语补足语。Paul doesnt have to be made.He always works har

7、d.A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning常用带to不定式作宾补的情况：主语 + ask / require / tell / order / force / get / want / like/advise/allow/cause/consider/ encourage/forbid/force/intend/order/permit/persuade/remind/request/require/urge/warn/ask/wish+sb. to do. sth. The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the

8、street, but his mother told him. A. not toB. not to do C. not do itD. do not toThe patient was warnedoily food after the operation. A. to eat not B. eating not C. not to eat D. not eatingMy advisor encouraged _ a summer course to improve my writing skills.A. for me takingB. me taking C. for me to ta

9、keD. me to take 主语 + think / judge / suppose / believe / consider /imagine/consider + sb. + to be/to be doing/ to have done注意：不定式的一般式、进行式以及完成式做宾语补足语的区别，同时要 注意不定式被动语态的使用。Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to have inventedB. inventingC. to inventD. having inventedRobert is

10、 said _abroad. but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to have studied B. to study Cto be studying Dto have been studying主语 + call on / upon / depend on / wait for / ask for + sb.+ to do sth.（4）不定式作定语的特殊用法。下列词语后常接不定式作定语：chance、wish、right、courage、need、promise、time、opportunity、way、the first、the

11、second、the last、the only等。I have _(一个出国留学的机会)。He is _(第一个上学的)and _(最后一个离校的)不定式作定语和所修饰的名词在逻辑上有主谓关系。There is no one to look after her.不定式与被修饰的名词在逻辑上有动宾关系 。She is now looking for a room to live in.（5）不定式作状语的用法。不定式作状语，修饰动词，在句中表示目的、结果、原因。only to do表示出人意料的结果。To sleep well, I turned off the alarm clock.We

12、hurried to the classroom only to find none there.in order(not)to,s o as(not)to用来引导目的状语,enough to, so as to do, such + 名词 as to do作结果状语，如:The girl was so kind as to help the old man off the bus.Im not such a fool as to believe that.You were silly not _ your car. (2004高考湖南卷)A. to lockB. to have locked

13、C. lockingD. having lockedHelen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. (2004高考广西卷)A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard（6）不定式的完成时的特殊用法。表示不定式中谓语动词发生的动作先于主句的谓语动词发出的动作。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you

14、 for so many years.seem、appear、be said、be supposed、be believed、be thought、be known、be reported等动词常用于上面句型。Charles Babbage is generally considered _ the first computer.A. to have inventedB. inventingC. to inventD. having inventedRobert is said _abroad. but I dont know what country he studied in.A. to

15、have studied B. to study Cto be studying Dto have been studying此外，glad、happy、satisfied、sorry、surprised、disappointed后也接完成时，但要注意与一般时的区别。Im sorry _ for a minute.对不起，请稍等。（说话时还未等）Im sorry _for so long.对不起，让你久等了。（说话时已等了很久）不定式的完成时还可表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气。（A）should like to / would like to / would love to + 不定式

16、的完成时。（B）was / were to + 不定式的完成时，表示该做某事或想做但未实现。（C）expect / hope / mean / promise / suppose / think / want/ wish + 不定式完成时，表示过去未曾实现的愿望。注意：表示“过去本想做某事但未做”的虚拟语气还可以用：was/were going to do 或was/were about to I would love to_ the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. t

17、o have gone C. going D. having gone- -Alice, why didnt you come yesterday? - -I _, but I had an unexpected visitor. A. had B. would C. was going to D. did （7）不定式的省略。 同一结构并列由and或or连接。I want to finish my homework and (to )go home.Im really puzzled what to think or (to)say.特例：To be or not to be,this is

18、 a question.He is better to laugh than to cry.(表示对比)不定式作表语，其前面的主语从句中含有do时，后面的to省略。What he did was(to) lose the game.句中含有动词do时，but、except、besides、such as等后面to可省略。即“前有do,后省to”。Dont do anything silly, such as marry him.比较：have nothing to do but do /have nothing but to dohave no choice but to do /cant (

19、help) but do 主句含有不定式，后面有rather than, rather than后省to。Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefersa bicycle.A. ride; rideB. riding; rideC. ride; to ride D. to ride; ridingWhy not、had better、would rather、cant but等词后省to。如：He could not but walk home.（8）不定式的替代。多用在同一句或联系紧密的对话中，为了避免重复，作宾语或主补，宾补的不定式再次出

20、现时，to后的内容常承前省略（只保留to即可）。但如果承前省略的不定式有助动用的have或be任何形式，后应该保留原形be或have。如：The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him. A. not toB. not to do C. not do itD. do not toSusan is not what she used to be.You came late last night. You ought to have finished your homework.I know I o

21、ught to have.常见的有：Id like / love / be happy to.3、动名词复习中应注意的几个问题（1）动名词作宾语。下列动词后只能接动名词：suggest, finish, avoid, stop, cant help, mind, enjoy, require, practise, miss, escape, pardon, advise, consider, imagine, keep, appreciate, escape, permit。下列动词短语接动名词：leave off, put off, give up, look forward to, fee

22、l like, have trouble / difficulty(in) doing sth. devote to, get used to, pay attention to, be fond of, be worth。介词后要接动名词。what about、how about、without、be fond of、be good at等介词后接动名词。注意on / upon doing sth. = as soon as 引导的从中。作此意讲时on / upon后也可以接名词。如on his arrival。动名词作宾语和动词不定式作宾语的区别：begin, start, continu

23、e, like, love, dislike, hate, prefer, cant stand例 句解 析1. It began to rain. It began raining.2. It was beginning to snow.3. I love lying (to lie)on my back.4. I like listening to music, but today I dont like to.5. I don t prefer to swim in the river now.1. 意思无差别，但谓语动词用进行时，后面只跟不定式。2. 表示一种倾向多接动名词作宾语，如果

24、表示某一特定的或具体的行动，多接不定式。remember, forget, regret, try例 句解 析1. I remember to meet her at the station.I remember seeing her once somewhere.2. I forgot giving it to you yesterday. I forgot to tell you about it. Now here it is.3. I regret not having working hard. I regret to hear of your sisters death. 4. T

25、ry knocking at the back door. We must try to get everything ready.5. That will mean flooding some land. I had meant to go on Monday.1. remember to do sth.记住要做的事 remember doing sth.回顾过去发生的事2. forget to do sth.忘记要做的事 forget doing sth.忘记做过的事3. regret to do sth.对将要做的事抱歉 regret doing sth.对发生过的事后悔4. try t

26、o do sth.设法，试图 try doing sth.试试看，试一试5. mean to do sth.打算做，想要 mean doing sth.意味着，就是 want, require, need, demand, request例 句解 析These desks need repairing.These desks need to be repaired.The patient required examinedThe patient required to be examined.1. need doing 需要被做 need to be done需要被做2. want doing

27、 want to be done3. require doing require to be doneYou were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting. Well, now I regretthat. A. to doB. to be doing C. to have done D. having doneI must apologize for _ ahead of time. Thats all right.A. letting you not knowB. not letting you knowC. letting you

28、 know notD. letting not you knowVictor apologized for _ to inform me of the change in the plan. (2004上海) A. his being not able B. him not to be ableC. his not being able D. him to be not ableOne learns a language by making mistakes and _ them.(2001年春季高考)A. correct B. correcting C. corrects D. to cor

29、rect4、分词复习应注意的几个问题（1）现在分词在句中作时间、原因、伴随、条件、结果等状语。时间状语（分词作状语前面可加when, while等）Hearing the good news, he jumped with great joy.做时间状语的分词，可以改成时间连词连接的主从句，如上面两句可以改成：_ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river.A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered_ in the queue

30、 for half an hour, Tom suddenly realized that he had left his wallet at home. A. To waitB. Have waitedC. Having waitedD. To have waited The old man, _abroad for twenty years, is on the way back to his motherland. (2004高考江苏卷) A. to work B. working C. to have worked D. having worked原因状语Seeing nobody a

31、t home, he decided to leave them a noteNot having finished her work in time, the boss fired her.做原因状语的分词，可以改成原因连词连接的主从句，如上句可以改成：_伴随状语The girls came in, following their parents.Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. A. seizing ., disappeared B.

32、seized ., disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized ., disappearingCant you read it? Mary said _ to the notice.A. angrily pointing B. and point angrilyC. angrily pointed D. and angrily pointingThe visiting Minister expressed his satisfaction with the talks, _ that he had enjoyed his stay here.A

33、. having addedB. to add C. addingD. added结果状语The poor old man died, leaving nothing to his children.分次做伴随状语和结果状语可以根据意思改成由and或or 连接的并列句或改成非限制性定语从句.如可改成_or _如可改成_or _European football is played in 80 countries, _it the most popular sport in the world.A. making B. makes C. make D. to make注意：现在分词作状语的几个特

34、性。时间性。与谓语动词同时发生，用一般时，如发生在谓语动作之前时则用完成式having(been) done。语态性。与句子的主语之间的关系，是主谓关系或动宾关系。遵循的规则“主动用现在分词，被动用过去分词”。人称一致性。分词的逻辑主语就是句子的主语。定语When I got back home I saw a message pinned to the door Sorry to miss you；will call later. A. read B. reads C. to read D. readingThe picture _ on the wall is painted by my

35、nephew.(2000年春季高考)A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung（2）分词作表语。S. + be /get/系动词+ 动词-ed表示被动，主语是人；S. + be+ 动词-ing表示主动，主语是物。S. +be/系动词+to do /to be doneAs we joined the big crowd I got _ from my friends.A. separatedB. sparedC. lostD. missedSarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _

36、before the party.A. get changed B. get change C. get changing D. get to changeThe pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain _ as the plane was making a landing.(2004上海)A. seat B. seating C. seated D. to be seatingHaving a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _whet

37、her they will enjoy it. A. to see B. to be seen C. seeing D. seen5、复习过去分词应注意的几个问题过去分词作状语，相当于一个状语从句，用来说明原因、时间、条件等。（1）过去分词作原因状语Tired by the trip, he soon feel asleep.= _, he soon fell asleep.in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. LosingB. Having lost C. LostD. To lose by the beauty

38、 of nature , the girl from London decided to spend another two days on the farm . (2004高考辽宁卷)AAttracting BAttracted CTo be attracted DHaving attracted （2）作时间状语Seen from the hill, the city looks like a garden.=When (the city is) seen from the hill, it looks like a garden.（3）作条件状语Given more time, I wo

39、uld have worked out the problem.=_, I would have worked out the problem.Given more time, I will do better than Tom=_, I will do better than TomThe research is so designed that once_ nothing can be done to change it. A. begins B. having begun C. beginning D. begun with the size of the whole earth , t

40、he biggest ocean does not seem big at all . (2004高考湖北卷)ACompare BWhen comparing CComparing DWhen compared （4）伴随状语The teacher came in, followed by some students.=The teacher came in and was followed by some students.After his journey front abroad, Richard Jones returned home, _ A. exhausting B. exhau

41、sted C. being exhausted D. having exhausted分词短语作状语时，通常与主句中的主语在逻辑上一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的逻辑上的主语，这种结构称为独立主格结构。如：Her grandfather being ill, she had to stay at home looking after him.=_, she had to stay at home looking after him.Time permitting, we will bring in more money. =_, we will bring in more money.Home

42、work (having been) finished, Tom is playing with his friends.=_（5）定语The Olympic Games, _in 776 B.C., did not include women players until 1912.A. first playing B. to be first played C. first played D. to be first playing Linda worked for the Minnesota Manufacturing and Mining Company, _ as 3M. (2004高

43、考浙江试题) A. knowing B. known C. being known D. to be known（6）分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的区别： 感官动词 动词原形做了某事S+ + 宾语 + 现在分词正在做某事 使役动词 过去分词做了或被做比较:see sb.(sth). do/doing/done/prep.短语watch sb.(sth). do/doing/done/prep.短语find sb.(sth). do/doing/done/prep.get sb.(sth.)to do/done/doinghear sb.(sth.)to do/done/doingfeel sb.(

44、sth.)to do/done/doing make sb do /make sth doneforce sb. to do/cause sb. to do等Laws that punish parents for their little childrens actions against the laws get parents . (2004高考重庆试题)A. worriedB. to worryC. worryingD. worryThe missing boys were last seen _ near the river. A. playing B. to be playing

45、C. playD. to playPaul doesnt have to be made.He always works hard. A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learningThe managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _the next year.Acarry out Bcarrying outCcarried out Dto carry outA cook will be immediately fired if he is found in the kitchen.AsmokeBsmokingCto smokeDsmokedHelen had to shout _ above the sound of the music. (2004高考广西卷)A. making herself hear B. to make herself hearC. making herself heard D. to make herself heard（7）with+n. +to do/doing/done的区别（详见“介词专题”）