虚拟语气if假设句

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1、一分别对过去、现在和未来的假设1、过去发生事情进行假设这时从句动词用 had done，主句用 would/should/could/might+have done If you had worked harder, you would have passed your exam.If you had asked me, I would have told you.I would have beenin bad trouble if Jane hadnt helpedme.If it hadn tbeen for your help, we could have been in lots of

2、 trouble.( 要不是你的帮助，我们要陷入很大的麻烦)2、对现在情形进行假设这 时 从 句 用 did 和 were （ be 动 词 都 改 成 were ）， 主 句 为 would should/could/might+doIf I knew her name, I would tell you.I would perfectly happy, if I had a car.If I were rich ， I would spend all my time traveling.If my nose were a little shorter I d be quite pretty

3、.If it weren tfor the children, we could go skiing. 要不是孩子们的原因，我们就会去滑雪3、对将来情形假设这时 从句 有 以下 三种 动词 形 式 1.were/did 2.were to 3.should 主 句 为 would/should/could/might+do 看看下面的例子What would I do if I were to lose/should lose/lost my job？ If you were to move your chair a bit, we could all sit down.if it shoul

4、d rain/were to rain/rained tomorrow, I would not go out.If they should play/were to play / played better next time , they would not fail again现在我们对这三种情况用图表进行总结假设情形假设句（ if 从句）结果句（主句）过去had donewould/should/might/could+havedone现在did/werewould/should/might/could+do将来did/werewould/should/might/could+dowe

5、re to doshould do精选文库上述主句中 would 最为常用， might=would perhaps/would possibly 表可能 如 If you asked me nicely, I might buy you a drink.could=would be able to 表能力如 If I had another $500, I could buy a car.二、 If it weren tfor 和 It hadn tbeen forIf it weren t和forIf it hadn t been，for其意为 “若不是 (有) ”要“不是 ”。如：If

6、it werent for water, no plant could grow要是.没有水植物就无法生长。If it hadnt been for your assistance, we wouldnt have succeeded.=But for your assistance,we wouldnt have succeeded.=Without your assistance, we wouldnt have succeeded.三、含蓄条件句有些句子中虽然没有出现if ，但因为 but for （要不是），otherwise（否则）等词也暗含着假设，所以要用if 假设句的主句动词形式

7、。如：He would have given you more help,but he was too busy他本来会给你更多的帮助，但是他太忙了。也就是说，如果那时他不忙，他可以给你更多的帮助。 句中 but he was too busy实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件 如果那时他不忙He would lose weight, but he eats too much他本来可以减肥的，但是他吃的太多了。也就是说，如果他吃得不多的话，他是可以减肥的。句中的 but he eats too much 实际上暗示了一个虚拟条件 如果他吃得不多。Without cars human life would

8、 be quite different today. (If there werentcars, human life would be quite different today)I am glad you told me about the show being canceled. Otherwise I would have traveled all the way to London for nothing.(Otherwise=If you hadnttold me about the show being canceled)He telephoned to inform me of

9、 your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.I might have given you more help, but I was too busy.But for Tom, we could have won the game. (But for Tom=If it hadn tbeen for Tom)He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.I might have given you more h

10、elp, but I was too busy.What would you do with a million dollars? ( = if you had a million dollars) We couldnt have finished the work ahead of time without your help. ( = if we hadnt got your help)But for the rain ( = If it hadnt been for the rain ), we would have finished the work. 四、混合语气前面我们讨论的都是主

11、句和从句在同一时间发生的。 有时主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间， 主句和从句的动词形式因时间不同而不同， 此时应根据具体的语境情况，结合上面提到的三种基本类型对时态作相应的调整： 我们把它称为-2精选文库混合语气，比如If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now.（从句是过去的假设，主句是现在的结果）If it had rained last night(过去 )， it would be very cold today (现在 )If I knew you were coming( 现在 ), I d have

12、baked a cake（过去） .You would be much better now if you had taken my advice. 假若你当时听我的话，你现在就会好多了。If you had studied hard before, you would be a college student now, and you would graduate from a college in four years time. 五、假设句的省略与倒装如果 if 从句中有 were，should，had，可以把 if 省掉，把上述词提前即可：Were they here now, the

13、y could help us. = If they were here now,they couldhelp us.他们现在在的话，就会帮助我们了。Had you come earlier, you would have met him. = If you had come earlier ， you would have met him.你来得早一点，就碰到他了。Should it rain, the crops would be saved. = If it should rain, the crops would be saved.假如下雨，庄稼就有救了。Had we not miss

14、ed the plane, we would have been killed in the crash. = if we hadnt missed the plane, we would have been killed in the crash不.(能写成 Hadn twe missed.即 had, were, should 提前不能连带 not 一起写成缩略形式 )Were it not for water, no plant could grow.五、假设句的练习2._ fired, your health care and other benefits will not be im

15、mediately cut off.（ 06 湖北卷）A. Would you be B. Should you beC. Could you be D. Might you be答案为 B。本题句意为：如果你被炒了，你的医疗保险和其他利益并不会立即取消。与将来事实相反。3. Is he feeling any better?No. If he had followed the doctors advice, he _ quite all right now.A. will have been B. would have beenC. would be D. will be答案为 C。本题为混

16、合时间的虚拟条件句 ,从句指过去情况，主句为现在情况。句意：如果他那时接受了医生的建议，现在他就好了。另外， if 引导的虚拟条件句的从句中若含有有 were,should 或 had 等，可将 if 省略，把 were, should或 had 移至主语前。4. If it _ tomorrow, we _ put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge.（94 年上海卷）A. rains, would have had toB. were to rain, will have toC. should rain, would have toD. rained,

17、should have had to答案是 C。这是将来时的条件状语从句，本句可用陈述语气（条件句用-3精选文库一般现在时，主句用一般将来时 )，也可用与将来事实相反的虚拟语气（条件句用一般过去式 /were to do/should do,主句用 would do) 。此句用的是虚拟语气。5. You didn t let me drive.If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. （96 年全国卷）A. drove, didn t getB. drove, wouldnt getC. were driving, wouldnt getD. had driven, w

18、ouldnt have got6. It is hard for me to imagine what I would be doing today, if I _ in love, at the age of seven, with the Melinda Cox Library in my hometown. （ 02 上海卷）A. wouldn t have fallenB. had not fallenC. should fallD. were to fall7. Yesterday Jane walked away from the discussion. Otherwise, sh

19、e _ something she would regret later. （96 上海卷）A. had said B. saidC. might say D. might have said8. _ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often（.95 上海卷） A. If it is not B. Were it notC. Had it not been D. If they were not9. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night _, too cold for us to live. （97 年上海卷）A. would be freezing coldB. will be freezing coldlyC. would be frozen coldD. can freeze coldlyKeys5-9： DBDCA-4