pz浅谈后张法预应力空心板梁预制施工工艺

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1、浅谈后张法预应力空心板梁预制施工工艺.txt珍惜生活上帝还让你活着，就肯定有他的安排。雷锋做了好事不留名，但是每一件事情都记到日记里面。浅谈后张法预应力空心板梁预制施工工艺后张法预应力空心板梁因与过去普遍采用的预应力T梁相比，有高度小，自重轻，刚度好，安装安全等优点，对场地要求也低，适宜现场预制而在桥梁建设中得到广泛应用，下面笔者结合在工作中的一些经验，谈谈施工工艺控制要点。 2. 场地准备及胎膜制作 2.1场地选择应注意选择坚硬、平整、排水通畅及良好的水稳定性，应根据板梁的重量计算场地的承载力，预防不均匀沉降和雨后沉陷，必要时可作级配砾土或碎石垫层提高地基承载力，同时应保证原材料及制成品的方

2、便运输。 2.2 胎膜一般选用砖砌边框粉刷而成，中间用C15或C20混凝土，厚510cm，梁端两边挖低加厚至20cm左右，胎膜宽可比设计板梁宽小1.01.5cm，以防止制作超差板梁安装不上，同时沿板长向在胎膜底每1米预埋不小于14拉杆一根，用以加固模板。螺杆长度=板宽+（模板厚+支撑厚+50mm）2，螺杆外套PVC管以便在使用后可以抽出重复利用。胎膜的制作质量直接影响到空心板梁的外观及尺寸，因此要求上表面粉刷必须平整、光滑，几何尺寸控制在误差允许范围内。 3. 模板制作安装 3.1模板制作。模板必须有足够的强度、刚度和稳定性，能可靠地承载混凝土的侧压力即施工荷载。侧模板一般选用5mm厚钢模板做

3、面板，用扁钢或角钢做加劲肋，锚端模板制作应保证锚垫板的方向垂直于钢绞线。 3.2芯模。芯模一般选用充气橡胶胶囊，如果工程量较小时也可选用一次性泡沫或竹筒芯模，充气胶囊可根据需要做成不同的截面形状，长度一般比板梁长60cm，与生产厂家订做。 3.3模板安装。为避免模板接缝漏浆并保证尺寸准确，模板之间的连接最好采用螺栓连接并加双面胶。胎膜侧边粘2mm厚的双面胶后将模板与胎膜侧边紧贴防止漏浆，再通过预埋的螺杆固定紧，模板上部放置与胎膜同宽的钢筋或木条做顶杆定上口宽度，然后用对拉螺栓将侧模拉紧，端模用螺丝固定于侧模上，锚垫板灌浆口应朝上放置并用螺丝固定于端模上。检查调整顺直度和垂直度等尺寸后，拧紧拉筋

4、，加固支撑。 橡胶气囊的固定一般应采用8环形钢筋，每50cm布置一道，并与主钢筋点焊牢靠，以防止混凝土浇筑时气囊上浮或偏移，气囊使用前应检查是否漏气，使用后要及时清理干净，防止太阳暴晒，并不得接触油、酸等与橡胶反应的化学物品。 气囊表面一般涂刷洗洁净兑水（3：7）作隔离剂，安装时注意气囊位置的方向性，用麻绳绑扎一头再接入约1cm粗的钢丝绳，由卷扬机牵引入位，并应防止钢筋扎破气囊。4. 钢筋及钢绞线加工 4.1底模凝固3天后，即可在胎模上用墨斗弹出底面各普通钢筋位置的墨线，然后直接涂刷好脱模隔离剂（如黄油等），再开始绑扎钢筋及骨架成型。 4.2钢筋分两次绑扎。首先绑扎底板、腹板钢筋。绑扎工作在胎

5、膜座上进行，底板、腹板钢筋安装绑扎完毕后，设置保护层垫块，可采用50#砂浆块或塑料垫块，并按梅花型布置，间距1m左右。然后再安装顶板钢筋和预埋筋。其中要注意预埋吊环。 3.3钢绞线的下料长度=图纸设计长度-封头厚度+锚环厚度+千斤顶工作长度（一般单侧对称张拉为65cm，双侧张拉为130cm）. 钢绞线需用架杆按钢绞线盘圆的直径做成一个方框将钢绞线固定牢靠以防止放料时弹开伤人，只需将侧包装打开，外包装钢带不要剪断，放料时从内圈开始，按下料长度用切割机切断，并按照设计根数每束两端用胶带包封，这样既可以防止钢绞线两头开丝，又可以减少往波纹管穿时的阻力。 4.4波纹管的定位钢筋应稳固准确，波纹管埋设以

6、底模为基准，按预应力钢绞线曲线坐标直接量出相应点的高度，标在箍筋上定出波纹管的曲线位置（点焊短条子8钢筋），然后按照标注的位置将波纹管固定牢靠，如波纹管的位置与钢筋发生冲突时适当挪移钢筋的位置。被接的两根波纹管接头应相互顶紧，以防穿钢绞线时在接头薄弱处的波纹管被带出而堵塞管道，波纹管接头应用胶带密封防止混凝土浆漏入。 4.5锚垫板按照图纸位置准确放置，特别注意应使端头锚垫板与波纹管孔道中心线保持垂直，以减少孔道与端口的摩阻力。 5. 混凝土浇筑 5.1混凝土浇筑前应检查钢筋的品种、规格、数量是否与设计相符，绑扎是否牢靠，垫块的数量位置等，模板的尺寸、强度、刚度、稳定性及接缝是否严密，模板内的杂

7、物、积水和钢筋上的污垢应清理干净。 5.2波纹管内应穿入比波纹管直径稍小的塑料管并在浇筑完成后来回拖动塑料管几次，也可浇筑前穿入钢绞线束，以防止波纹管被混凝土堵塞；锚垫板灌浆孔应堵上黄油或棉线保护，防止漏入混凝土浆。 5.3水灰比是影响混凝土强度的重要因素，应准确测定砂石的含水量，严格按照配合比进行施工。为确保空心板梁的使用寿命，水必须经化验达到饮用水标准才可使用，不要轻易使用地下水。 5.4混凝土浇筑分两期进行，以减少芯模气囊上浮。一期先浇筑底板砼，控制好厚度（比设计略低2cm）采用平板振捣整平，然后牵入气囊、充气，再浇筑两侧顶板砼。注意加快施工速度、连续作业。振捣时应两侧对称振捣，以防止内

8、模左右移位，振捣过程中50型振动棒与模板间距保持510cm，并避免碰撞波纹管，不得直接或间接地通过钢筋施加振动。振捣上层混凝土时，振动棒应插入下层混凝土内510cm，并应快插慢拔减少混凝土中出现的气泡。施工时，每一工作班应做不少于3组的砼试块，并与空心板同种条件下养护。 6. 养护、拆模 空心板梁的养护可采用外涂养护或铺设麻袋等覆盖物进行洒水养护，使板梁顶面及侧面始终保持湿润状态。两端头孔在气囊拆除后即可砖砌封口，留进水和出水孔。利用板内空心部分通水保持板梁内水分并降低混凝土内外温差。由于后张法预应力空心板梁通常大于16m并且构造配筋较少，如果昼夜温差较大热胀冷缩有可能引起板梁开裂，因此露天作

9、业时应通过搭遮阳篷等措施减少混凝土昼夜温差。 外模板拆模时混凝土强度需达到2.5MPa，以拆模不粘模板，混凝土不缺棱掉角为宜，充气胶囊的拆模时间需严格控制，拆模过早可能导致板梁顶部塌陷，过晚则有可能和混凝土粘连而使胶囊无法抽出。 7. 钢绞线张拉、压浆及封头 7.1张拉前准备工作： 7.1.1安装锚环前需将锚垫板上的混凝土浆等杂物清理干净； 7.1.2混凝土强度应达到设计强度的90%以上或按照图纸设计规定； 7.1.3检查钢绞线、锚具、夹片等出厂资料、检验报告是否符合设计及标准要求； 7.1.4检查张拉机具、千斤顶和压力表，并确定张拉力与压力表之间的关系，当千斤顶使用超过6个月或200次或在使

10、用过程中出现异常现象时应重新校验，并准备钢绞线伸长值测量尺，记录本等； 7.1.5做好安全防范措施：空心板梁两端严禁站人，并设警示牌，张拉需由专业人员持证上岗，并佩戴安全帽等个人防护用品，严禁无关人员进场。 7.2张拉操作程序：00.1K（持荷）0.2K0.4K0.8K1.05K（持荷）K锚固。张拉过程中板梁的两端要随时保持联系。发生异常现象时应立即停止张拉，找出原因，处理后方可继续工作。如果出现断丝需更换钢绞线重新张拉；如果出现滑丝则使用前夹式千斤顶张拉滑丝的单根钢绞线即可。 7.3预应力筋的伸长量及锚固回缩量应由专人记录，当其实际伸长量与设计伸长量的误差在设计规定允许范围内时，方可进行下一

11、道工序，预应力钢束张拉完毕，严禁撞击锚头和钢束，钢绞线多余的长度应用切割机（严禁用氧焊、电焊切割），切割后留下的长度一般不小于5cm。 7.4孔道压浆：孔道压浆需在钢绞线张拉后24h至48h内进行。孔道压浆的目的是通过凝结后的水泥浆将预应力传至混凝土，并防止钢绞线锈蚀。水泥浆的水灰比应控制在0.40.5，并掺加适量的高效减水剂和高效膨胀剂等，水泥浆3h泌水率应控制在2%；流动度宜为12s15s,且不大于18s.水泥颗粒要细，不得有结块，施工时，每一工作班应留不少于3组7.0cm7.0cm7.0cm立方体试块，标准养护28d，试压强度不低于设计强度。压浆时一般采用从一端压入的方式。当灰浆从另一端

12、浆口冒出后，将另一端压浆口堵紧继续压浆直至达到设计压力要求。 7.5封锚端：灌浆结束后，开始封端，模板可采用木模，由于模板不好固定，立模时应比设计内腔尺寸小1.5cm左右，否则，胀模后安装不下去。（英文版 ） Two regulations promulgated for implementation is in the party in power for a long time and the rule of law conditions, the implementation of comprehensive strictly strategic plan, implementation

13、 in accordance with the rules and discipline to manage the party, strengthen inner-party supervision of major initiatives. The two regulations supporting each other, the adhere to a positive advocate, focusing on morality is of Party members and Party leading cadres can see, enough to get a high sta

14、ndard; around the party discipline, disciplinary ruler requirements, listed as negative list, focusing on vertical gauge, draw the party organizations and Party members do not touch the bottom line . Here, the main from four square face two party rules of interpretation: the first part introduces tw

15、o party Revised regulations the necessity and the revision process; the second part is the interpretation of the two fundamental principles of the revision of laws and regulations in the party; the third part introduces two party regulations modified the main changes and needs to grasp several key p

16、roblems; the fourth part on how to grasp the implementation of the two regulations of the party. and revised the necessity and revised history of the CPC Central Committee the amendment to the Chinese Communist Party members and leading cadres honest politics several guidelines and column 1 by 2015

17、to strengthen party laws and regulations focus. Two party regulations revision work lasted a Years, pooling the wisdom of the whole party, ideological consensus, draw historical experience, respect for the wisdom of our predecessors, which reflects the unity of inheritance and innovation; follow the

18、 correct direction, grasp the limited goals, adhere to the partys leadership, to solve the masses of the people reflect a focus on the problem. The new revision of the and , reflects the partys 18 and the eighth session of the third, the spirit of the fourth plenary session, reflecting the experienc

19、e of studying and implementing the General Secretary Xi Jinping series of important speech, reflects the partys eighteen years comprehensive strictly practice. (a) revised two regulations of the party need of in based on revised, the promulgation and implementation of January 2010, to strengthen the

20、 construction of the contingent of leading cadres play an important role. But with the party to manage the party strictly administering the deepening, has not been able to fully meet the actual needs. Content is too complicated, eight prohibition, 52 are not allowed to hard to remember, and also dif

21、ficult to put into practice; the second is concisely positive advocated by the lack of prohibited provisions excessive, no autonomy requirements; the third is banned terms and discipline law, both with the party discipline, disciplinary regulations repeat and Criminal law and other laws and regulati

22、ons repeat; the fourth is to clean the theme is not prominent, not for the existing problems, and is narrow, only needle of county-level leading cadres above. is in 1997 based on revision, in December 2003 the promulgation and implementation, to strengthen the construction of the party play very imp

23、ortant role. Along with the development of the situation, which many provisions have been unable to fully meet the comprehensive strictly administering the practice needs. One is Ji law, more than half of the provisions and criminal law and other countries laws and regulations Repetition; two is the

24、 political discipline regulations is not prominent, not specific, for violation of the party constitution, damage the authority of Party Constitution of misconduct lack necessary and serious responsibility to pursue; third is the main discipline for the leading cadres, does not cover all Party membe

25、rs. Based on the above situation, need to and the two is likely to be more relevant regulations first amendment. By revising, really put the authority of Party discipline, the seriousness in the party tree and call up the majority of Party members and cadres of the party constitution of party compas

26、ses party consciousness. (II) two party regulations revision process the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China attaches great importance to two regulations revision . Xi Jinping, general books recorded in the Fifth Plenary Session of the eighth session of the Central Commission for Disci

27、pline Inspection, on the revised regulations made clear instructions. According to the central deployment, the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection from 2014 under six months begin study two regulations revision. The Standing Committee of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection 4 re

28、view revised. Comrade Wang Qishan 14 times held a special meeting to study two regulations revision, amendment clarifies the direction, major issues of principle, path and target, respectively held a forum will listen to part of the province (area) secretary of the Party committee, Secretary of the

29、Discipline Inspection Commission, part of the central ministries and state organs Department The first party committee is mainly responsible for people, views of experts and scholars and grassroots party organizations and Party members. Approved by the Central Committee of the Communist Party of Chi

30、na, on 7 September 2015, the general office of the Central Committee of the Party issued a notice to solicit the provinces (autonomous regions, municipalities) Party, the central ministries and commissions, state ministries and commissions of the Party (party), the General Political Department of th

31、e military, every 3 people organization of Party of two regulations revision opinion. Central Commission for Discipline Inspection of extensive solicitation of opinions, careful study, attracting, formed a revised sent reviewers. In October 8 and October 12, Central Committee Political Bureau Standi

32、ng Committee and the Political Bureau of the Central Committee After consideration of the two regulations revised draft. On October 18, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China formally issued two regulations. Can say, two laws amendment concentrated the wisdom of the whole party, embod

33、ies the party. Second, and revision of the basic principles of two party regulations revision work and implement the partys eighteen, ten eight plenary, the spirit of the Fourth Plenary Session of the Eleventh Central Committee and General Secretary Xi Jinping important instructions on the revised a

34、nd , highlighting the ruling party characteristics, serious discipline, the discipline quite in front of the law, based on the current, a long-term, advance as a whole, with Bu Xiuding independent and . Main principle is: first, adhere to the party constitution to follow. The constitution about disc

35、ipline and self-discipline required specific, awaken the party constitution of party compasses party consciousness, maintaining the authority of the constitution. General Secretary Xi Jinping pointed out that no rules, no side round. Party constitution is the fundamental law, the party must follow t

36、he general rules. In early 2015 held the eighth session of the Central Commission for Discipline Inspection Fifth Plenary Session of the 16th Central Committee, Xi Jinping again pointed out that constitution is the party must follow the general rules, but also the general rules. the revision of the

37、and is Method in adhere to the regulations established for the purpose of combining rule of virtue is to adhere to the party constitution as a fundamental to follow, the constitution authority set up, wake up the party constitution and party rules the sense of discipline, the party constitution abou

38、t discipline and self-discipline specific requirements. 4 second is to adhere to in accordance with the regulations governing the party and the party. The Party of rule of virtue de, mainly refers to the partys ideals and beliefs, excellent traditional style. The revised the closely linked to the se

39、lf-discipline, insisting on the positive initiative, for all members, highlight the vital few, emphasized self-discipline, focusing on the morality, and the majority of Party members and the ideological and moral standards. The revised Ji method separately, Ji, Ji Yan to Method, as a negative list,

40、emphasizing the heteronomy, focusing on vertical gauge. Is this one high and one low, a positive reaction, the strict party discipline and practice results transformation for the integration of the whole party to observe moral and discipline requirements, for the majority of Party members and cadres

41、 provides benchmarking and ruler. Third, insist on to. In view of the problems existing in the party at the present stage, the main problems of Party members and cadres in the aspect of self-discipline and abide by the discipline to make clearly defined, especially the partys eighteen years strict p

42、olitical discipline and political rules, organization and discipline and to implement the central eight provisions of the spirit against the four winds and other requirements into Disciplinary provisions. Not one pace reachs the designated position, focusing on in line with reality, pragmatic and ef

43、fective. After the revision of major changes, major changes in the and modified and needs to grasp several key problems (a) adhere to according to regulations governing the party and party with morals in combination, for at the present stage, the leadership of the party members and cadres and Party

44、members in existing main problems of self-discipline, put forward principles, requirements and specifications, showing Communists noble moral pursuit, reflected at all times and in all over the world ethics from high from low 5 common requirements. One is closely linked to the self-discipline, remov

45、al and no direct relation to the provisions of . the second is adhere to a positive advocate, eight prohibition 52 are not allowed to about the content of the negative list moved into synchronization amendment . Three is for all the party members, will apply object from the leadership of the party m

46、embers and cadres to expand to all Party members, fully embodies the comprehensive strictly required. The fourth is prominent key minority, seize the leadership of the party members and cadres is the key, and put forward higher requirements than the ordinary Party members. Five is to simplify, and s

47、trive to achieve concise, easy to understand, easy to remember. The revised is the ruling Party since the first insists on a positive advocate forAll Party members and the self-discipline norms, moral declaration issued to all members of the party and the National Peoples solemn commitment. criterio

48、n of a clean and honest administration consists of 4 parts, 18, more than 3600 words. After the revision of the , a total of eight, 281 words, including lead, specification and Party member cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms, etc. Part 3 members low-cost clean and self-discipline, the main c

49、ontents can be summarized as four must eight code. Lead part, reiterated on ideal and faith, fundamental purpose, the fine traditions and work style, noble sentiments, such as four must the principle of requirements, strong tone of self-discipline, The higher request for 6 and supervised tenet, the

50、foothold in permanent Bao the partys advanced nature and purity, to reflect the revised standards requirements. Members of self-discipline norms around the party members how to correctly treat and deal with the public and private, cheap and rot thrifty and extravagance bitter music, put forward the

51、four norms. Party leader cadre clean fingered self-discipline norms for the leadership of the party members and cadres of the vital few, around the clean politics, from civil servant of the color, the exercise of power, moral integrity, a good family tradition and other aspects of the leadership of

52、the party members and cadres of the four norms to fully adapt to the strictly requirements, reflects the according to the regulations governing the law of recognition of deepening, the realization of the discipline construction and Jin Ju. is party a ruler, members of the basic line and follow. And

53、the majority of Party members and cadres of Party organizations at all levels should adhere to the bottom line of thinking, fear discipline, hold the bottom line, as a preventive measure, to keep the partys advanced nature and purity. 1, respect for the constitution, refinement and discipline. Revis

54、ed from comprehensive comb physical constitution began, the party constitution and other regulations of the Party of Party organizations and Party discipline requirements refinement, clearly defined in violation of the party constitution will be in accordance with regulations to give the correspondi

55、ng disciplinary action. The original 10 categories of misconduct, integration specification for political discipline, discipline, honesty and discipline masses Ji Law and discipline and discipline and other six categories, the content of real return to Party discipline, for the majority of Party mem

56、bers and listed a negative list. 7 2, highlighting the political discipline and political rules. Regulations according to the stage of the discipline of outstanding performance, emphasizing political discipline and political rules, organization and discipline, in opposition to the partys leadership

57、and the partys basic theory, basic line, basic program and basic experience, the basic requirement of behavior made prescribed punishment, increase the cliques, against the organization such as violation of the provisions, to ensure that the central government decrees and the Party of centralized an

58、d unified. 3, adhere to strict discipline in the law and discipline In front, Ji separated. Revised adhere to the problem oriented, do Ji separated. Any national law existing content, will not repeat the provisions, the total removal of 79 and criminal law, repeat the content of the public security

59、management punishment law, and other laws and regulations. In the general reiterated that party organizations and Party members must conscientiously accept the partys discipline, die van comply with national laws and regulations; at the same time, to investigate violations of Party members and even

60、criminal behavior of Party discipline and responsibility, Regulations distinguish five different conditions, with special provisions were made provisions, so as to realize the connection of Party discipline and state law. 4, reflect Wind building and anti-corruption struggle of the latest achievemen

61、ts. the partys eighteen years implement the spirit of the central provisions of the eight, against the requirements of the four winds and transformation for disciplinary provisions, reflecting the style construction is always on the road, not a gust of wind. In the fight against corruption out of new problems, increase the trading rights, the us