高三英语一轮复习 定语从句学案

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1、语法学案 高三英语备课组高考定语从句复习学案一）概念：在复合句中，修饰某一_或_的从句，叫定语从句1. _词：定语从句所修饰的词2. 引导词：(1) 关系_词: who, whom, whose, which, that, as(2) 关系_词: where, when, why3. 关系词常有3个作用：引导定语从句 代替先行词。在定语从句中担当一个_。4. 关系代词作主语、宾语、表语或定语（whose），作_时可省略；关系副词作状语，一般不省略二）定语从句的种类 定语从句可分为两类：_定语从句和_定语从句限制性定语从句和主句之间不用逗号分开，修饰主句中的某一个名词或名词词组或代词；非限制性定

2、语从句常用逗号和主句隔开，可以修饰主句中的某一个词，也可修饰整个句子。非限制性定语从句不能用_引导，引导非限制性定语从句的关系词不能省略。把下列句子翻译成中文：His mother, who loves him very much, is strict with him. _ China is a country which has a long history. _ 三）定语从句的热门考点 1. 定语从句关系词的选用（详见表格）；2. 只能that或which的情况；3. which和as的区别； 4. whose 用法及转换形式； 5. 介词+关系代词中介词的选用及位置(介词短语和动词短语

3、)；6. 定语从句中的特殊情况。四）关系代词和关系副词的作用 正确选择关系词是掌握定语从句的关键。关系词的选择完全取决于关系词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分。关系词一共有9个, 它们在从句中所充当的句子成分见下表。关系词主语宾语表语定语状语说明that人/物人/物不能用于非限制性从句which物物which作宾语很少见who人who可代替whom作宾语whom人whose人/物whenwherewhyas主要用于非限制性的定语从句和suchas, the same.as., so.as.结构中考点一：如何判断用关系代词还是关系副词（提示: 引导词用关系代词还是用关系副词关键要看他们在从句中作什么

4、成份而定）用关系词填空1) Those _ break the rules should be punished. 2) (1992全国，27) In the dark street, there wasnt a single person to _ she could turn for help.3) Gone are the days _ we used foreign oil.4) The reason _ he was absent was that he was ill. 5) This is the reason _ he gave for his absence.6) （03北京

5、春季）We are living in an age _ many things are done on computer.7) (2009安徽) 30. Many children，_ parents are away working in big cities，are taken good care of in the village.8) Next Sunday, _ I will spend go fishing, Im sure, will be another exciting day. 9) （05上海）If a shop has chairs _ women can park

6、their men, women will spend more time in the shop.10) （2006福建）22. Look out! Dont get too close to the house _roof is under repair.练习：1. Is this the museum _ we held the exhibition? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one2. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago?A. where B. that C. on which D. t

7、he one3.（2010天津）8. Can you believe I had to pay 30 dollars for a haircut?You should try the barbers _ I go. Its only 15. A. as B. which C. where D. that4.（2010湖南） 28. Ive become good friends with several of the students in my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. A. who B. where C.

8、 when D. which5.（2006山东）26. Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. A. where B. that C. when D. which6.（2006江西）33. Do you have anything to say for yourselves?Yes, theres one point_ we must insist on. A. why B. where C. how D. /7. Youve told me such an attracti

9、ve place _ I am more than willing to go. A. as B. where C. that D. in which8. (2012重庆卷) 29. Sales director is a position _ communication ability is just as important as salesA. which B. that C. when D. where考点二: 关系代词which 和that的区别在定语从句中, 当先行词指物时, 下列情况的关系词宜用that而不用which:1) 先行词被形容词最高级；序数词；the only, th

10、e very, the right 修饰时。This is the best film that I have seen. / This is the very person that Im waiting for. 2) 先行词是不定代词all, little, few, much, something, everything, nothing, anything, none, the one时，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much等修饰时All that glitters is not gold. 中文意思：_Im sure th

11、eres nothing that a woman cant do. / All that can be done _ been done.3) 先行词中既有人又有物时。Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about?4) 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时，用that China is no longer the country that it used to be. = the country _ it used to be.5) 当主句中含有疑问词which或who时, 为避免重复，常用tha

12、t 代替who 或which。Who that has common sense will do such a thing? / Which is the book that you like best?6) 主句以there be 开头时There is little that I can do to make up for the lost time.7)有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系词已用which, 另一个宜用thatThey secretly built up a small factory, which produced things that could cause pollut

13、ion. 在定语从句中，当先行词指物时，只能用which而不能用that 的情况：1) 在介词提前的定语从句中，关系代词只能用which。This is the house in which Lu Xun used to live.2) which 可引导非限制性定语从句，that则不能。She failed the exam, which made her parents vary angry.9. His brother did _ he could to help him.A. all which B. all what C. all D. which 10. (04北春) Luckil

14、y, wed brought a map without _ we would have lost our way.A. it B. that C. this D. which11. Finally the manager adopted the best proposal _ had been put forward at the meeting. A. which B. that C. what D. as12. (05湖北卷) Her sister has become a lawyer, _ she wanted to be.（表语）A. who B. that C. what D.

15、which13.（2009全国）17. My friend showed me round the town, _ was very kind of him. A. which B. that C. where D. it 14.(2013江苏) 32 The president of the World Bank says he has a passion for China，_ he remembers started as early as his childhood.Awhere Bwhich Cwhat Dwhen15. (2013上海卷) 38. An ecosystem cons

16、ists of the living and nonliving things in an area _ interact with one another.A. thatB. whereC. whoD. what考点三：as与which引导的定语从句共同点：二者都可以引导非限制定语从句，指代从句中的一部分或整个句子的内容。在下列情况下一般只能用as：(1) as 放在句首，而which不能。（which 引导的非限制性定语从句只能放在主句的后边；as引导的非限制性定语从句既可放在主句前，又可在主句之后，有时还可插入主句中）Taiwan is part of China, as is know

17、n to us all. = As we all know, Taiwan is part of China. = Taiwan, as we all know, is part of China.16. （2009山东）24. Whenever I met her,_ was fairly often, she greeted me with a sweet smile. A. who B. which C. when D. that17.（1999 上海 ）_ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior schools

18、is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It 18. (NMET94) The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect. A. what B. which C. that D. it19. (2009辽宁) 23. Theyve won their last three matches, _ I find a bit surprising actually.A. that B. when C. what D. which20. (04北京) _ is rep

19、orted in the newspaper, talks between the two countries are making progress. A. It B. As C. That D. What(2) as 本身有“正如；就像”之意，而which 没有；as常用于某些固定结构：as is known to all, as we had expected, as anybody can see, as often happens, as has been said before, as is mentioned above (3) 当先行词被the same, such修饰时，定语

20、从句需用as引导， as还用于soas结构区别：the same as (指同类的东西) the same that (指同一个东西)This is the same watch _ I lost. 这和我丢失的那一只表一样。（不是同一只）This is the same watch _ I lost. 这就是我丢失的那一只表。（同一只）Translate the following two sentences.1) 众所周知，地球是圆的。（3 种）_ _2) 他戴着与你昨天买的同样的手表。_21.（2008福建卷）27. _ is known to us all is that the 20

21、08 Olympic Games will take place in Beijing. A. It B. What C. As D. Which22. Dont trust such people _ praise you to your face but speak ill of you behind your back. A. who B. that C. whoever D. as 考点四：whose 用法及转换形式whose引导的定语从句，其后紧跟名词。其先行词不仅可指人，还可指物。 whose引导的从句可转换为“ of +关系代词”型，如：即whose+名词 = the +n +

22、of which/whom =of which/whom + the + n.He lives in the room _ window faces south. = He lives in the room, the window _ _ faces south.= He lives in the room, _ _ the window faces south.23. (2009天津) 5. A person _ e-mail account is full wont be able to send or receive any e-mails.A. who B. whom C. whos

23、e D. whoever24. (2000上海) Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose25.（2010山东）24. Thats the new machine _ parts are too small to be seen. A. that B. which C. whose D. What26.（2005年天津卷）13. Last month, part

24、of Southeast Asia was struck by floods, from _ effects the people are still suffering. A. that B. whose C. those D. what 考点五：“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句关系代词一般只能用which（指物）或whom（指人）即：介词+which/ whom1) 当介词放在关系代词的前面时， 关系代词只能用which或whom, 关系代词不能省略。如：27. He built a telescope _ he could study the skiesA. in which B. wi

25、th that C. through which D. by it28.（04全国）The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which 29. (2005江苏32) The place _ the bridge is supposed to be built should be _the cross-river traffic is the heaviest.A. which; where

26、 B. at which; which C. at which; where D. which; in which30. (2008四川卷) 4. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out further, _ New York is an example.A. for which B. in which C. of which D. from which注意：含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动词的后面，不能提前。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。如：This

27、 is the book Im looking for. 2) 非限制性定语从句中，要表示先行词的一部分时，可用“ 数词/代词 + of which/whom”的结构，如：He has written many books, most of which are for children.31. （2006浙江）13. I was given three books on cooking, the first _ I really enjoyed. A. of thatB. of whichC. thatD. which32. (2007四川卷) 7. It is reported that t

28、wo schools, _ are being built in my hometown, will open next year. A. they both B. which both C. both of them D. both of which33.（2007安徽卷）14. Last week, only two people came to look at the house, _ wanted to buy it. A. none of them B. both of them C. none of whom D. neither of whom考点六：使用定语从句时应注意的问题1

29、) 定语从句的主谓一致的问题（ 定语从句的谓语与先行词保持一致） I, who _ (be) your teacher, will try my best to help you.Tom is one of the boys who _ (be) late. Tom is the only one of the boys who _ (be) late. The Great Wall is one of the wonders that _ (draw) lots of visitors.The Great Wall is the only one of the buildings on th

30、e earth that _ (be) seen from the moon. 长城是地球上唯一一个从月球上看到的建筑物。 注意：not the only one of= one ofTom isnt the only one of the boys who _ passed the exam.2) way 和time 后接定语从句的情况the way 后的定语从句：（1996上海）I dont like the way _ you speak to her. This is the way _ really works. This is the way _ he used to solve

31、the problem.先行词是time时，表“次数”用关系代词that引导定语从句 (可省略)；表“一段时间”用关系副词when 或介词at/ during which 34. Its the fourth time you _ late this month.A. had arrived B. arrived C. have arrived D. arrive35. There was _time _women were looked upon. A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the; when 3) 分隔性定语从句。定语从句与先行词被分割开来

32、定语从句一般紧接被它所修饰的先行词；但有时候它和先行词之间有可能插入其他成分，使它与先行词分隔开来。 先行词与定语从句被谓语分隔开来。此时，先行词通常是句子的主语，因定语从句较长，主句谓语较短，为使句子平衡，常将定语从句移至谓语之后 All is well that ends well. / The days are gone _ the Chinese were looked down upon. 36.（2007福建卷）27. The village has developed a lot _we learned farming two years ago. A. when B. whic

33、h C. that D. where37.（2008山东卷）26. Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids. A. who B. which C. why D. when38. (2012江苏卷)After the flooding, people were suffering in that area,_ urgently needed clean water, medicine and shelter to survive.A. which B. who C. where D. what4

34、) 在定语从句加中插入语，常见的有：I think, I suppose, I guess, I imagine等。39. He gave us another piece of advice, _ of great help to the research work. A. which I think is B. which I think it is C. I think which is D. I think it is5) 定语从句中的谓语含有can, may等情态动词时，可简化为“介词+which/ whom +不定式结构”The poor man has no house in w

35、hich he can live. = The poor man has no house in which _ _. The beggar has no money with which he can buy food.= The beggar has no money with which _ _food.40. The police need solid evidence _ to base their judgments. A. that B. on which C. by which D. how6) 在关系副词where / when 前有时可以加介词 He is standing

36、 on the top of the hill, from _ he can enjoy a wonderful view.37. He graduated from Nanjing University in 1990, _ she has been working in the company as a manager. A. when B. during which C. since then D. since when7) 与状语从句的比较This is such an interesting/ so interesting a film _ everyone wants to see

37、 it. This is such an interesting/ so interesting a film _ everyone wants to see. The stone was so heavy _ we cant lift it. = The stone was so heavy _ we cant lift.41.（2006陕西）9. Hisplanwassuchagoodone _weallagreedtoacceptit.A. so B. and C. that D. as42. The teacher gave us such a difficult problem _

38、none of us could solve. A. that B. which C. as D. it 43. The government made such a great effect _the whole nation could celebrate the spring festival happily. A. that B. which C. as D. it 定语从句高考链接1. Yesterday she sold her car, _ she bought a month ago.A.whom B.where C.that D.which2.The science Muse

39、um, _we visited during a recent trip to Britain, is one of Londons tourist attractions.A.which B.what C.that D.where3.All the neighbors admire this family,_the parents are treating their child like a friend.A.why B.where C.which D. that4. For many cities in the world, there is no room to spread out

40、further,_New York is an example.A.for which B.in which C.of which D.from which5.By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mount Qomolangma, _appeared a rare rainbow soon.A.of which B.on which C.from which D.above which6.The growing speed of a plant is influenced by a numbe

41、r of factors,_ are beyond our control.A.most of them B.most of which C.most of what D.most of that 7.Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kids .A.who B.which C.why D.when8.We went through a period _ communications were very difficult in the rural areas.A.which B.whose C.

42、in which D.with which9.Villagers here depend on the fishing industry , _ there wont be much work.A.where B.that C.by which D.without which 10.Toms restaurant on Baker Street, _ used to be poorly run , is now a successful business.A.that B.which C.who D.where11.Today, well discuss a number of cases _

43、 beginners of English fail to use the language properly.A.which B.as C.why D.where12.Eric received training in computer for one year , _ he found a job in a big company.A.after that B.after which C.after it D.after this13.Some pre-school children go to a day-care center, _they learn simple games and

44、 songs .A. then B.there C.while D.where14.After graduation she reached a point in her career _ she needed to decide what to do.A.that B.what C.which D.where15. Last week only two people came to look at the house , _ wanted to buy it .A.none of them B.both of them C.none of whom D.neither of whom16.T

45、he time I had been looking forward to _ at last and I saw my favourite star.A.coming B.having come C.came D.come 17.The weather turned out to be fine , _ was better than we expected . A.what B.that C.which D.it18.Mrs Black took the police back to _ place _ she witnessed robbery.A.the same ; as B.the

46、 same ; where C.the same ; that D.the same ; when 19.Ancient Rome was a country _ culture influenced the western world for centuries.A.who B.which C.whose D.where20._ is often the case , he didnt study hard and failed to pass the test.A.What B.Which C.It D.As21浙江卷13The museum will open in the spring

47、 with an exhibition and a viewing platform_ visitors can watch the big glasshouses being built.A. whatB. whereC. whenD. why22重庆卷 24John invited about 40 people to his wedding, most of _ are family members.Athem Bthat Cwhich Dwhom23陕西卷16 _ is often the case with children, Amy was better by the time t

48、he doctor arrived.A. It B. That C. What D. As24四川卷9 Nowadays people are more concerned about the environment _ they live.A. what B. which C. when D. where25山东卷35 Finally he reached a lonely island _ was completely cut off from the outside world.A. when B. where C. which D. whom26山东卷 31There is no si

49、mple answer, _ is often the case in science.A. as B. that C. when D. where27辽宁卷 34 He may win the competition, _ he is likely to get into the national team.Ain which case Bin that case Cin what case Din whose case28江西卷 33 He wrote a letter _ he explained what had happened in the accident.A. what B.

50、which C. where D. how29浙江5. The children, _ had played the whole day long, were worn out.A. all of what B. all of which C. all of them D. all of whom30湖南卷 Happiness and success often come to those _ are good at recognizing their own strengths.A. whom B. whoC. what D. which31福建卷The book tells stories of the earthquake through the eyes of those _ lives were affected.A. whose B. that C. who