高一英语主谓一致讲与练

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1、高一英语主谓一致讲与练英语中，主语的单复数形式决定着谓语动词的单复数形式。这看起来似乎很简单，但用起来却常常遇到复杂的情况。经过多年的探索，笔者认为主谓一致必须遵循以下三条原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则、就近一致原则。根据这三条原则，现从以下几个方面进行总结： 一、 并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 1由and 连接的两个单数名词作主语时，谓语动词一般根据语法一致的原则用复数。如：A young man and a girl/student want/wants to go there一个青年男子和一个姑娘想去那里。 但如果在意义上指同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念时，谓语动词要用单数形式。如：A

2、needle and thread was found on the floor 在地板上找到了针线（穿了线的针）。 2. 当each and each, everyand every, noand no, many aand many a 结构作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： No man and no animal is to be found on the moon在月球上没发现人和动物。 Many a doctor and many a nurse is busy with their work 许多医生和护士都忙于他们的工作。 3.一个单数名词同时被两个不同的形容词修饰，表示两个不

3、同的概念时，谓语动词一般用复数。如： Ancient and modern history are the subjects we are studying 古代史和现代史是我们目前学习的课程。 但如果表示的是同一概念时应用单数。如： The last and most difficult lesson is lesson14 14课是最后一课也是最难的一课。 4.由not only but also ,eitheror , neither nor , or连接的并列主语，谓语动词通常依就近一致原则决定。如： Either the players or the coach is respons

4、ible for the defeat 不是运动员就是教练应该对这次比赛的失利负责。 5.当主语由as well as, along with, together with, rather than, no less than, but, except, besides, in addition to, like, including等词连接时，其谓语动词的单复数形式通常由前面的词来决定。如： An iron and steel works, with some satellite factories is to be built here 在这里将建立一个钢铁厂和一些卫星厂。 Tom, al

5、ong with his friends, goes skating every Saturday 每个星期六，汤姆和他的朋友们一起去滑冰。 二、百分数、分数作主语时的主谓一致 当百分数、分数后面加名词或代词时，要根据这个名词或代词来决定其谓语动词的单复数形式。如果是复数名词或代词，谓语动词用复数；如果是单数名词（或不可数名词）或代词，谓语动词用单数。如： Fifty percent of the students in our school are girls 我们学校百分之五十的学生是女生。 Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is sea

6、地球表面的四分之三是海洋。 注意：population当单数用，但是它前面有分数或百分数时，却要当复数用：What is the population of China?55% of the population in this town are women.三、 不定代词作主语时的主谓一致 1不定代词each, another, the other, either, neither和由some, any, no, everyone 或thing构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Neither of us has gone through regular training 我们

7、两个都没经过正规训练。 Nobody wants to go there, does he 没有人想去那里，是吧？ Something has been done to end the strike 已经采取措施制止罢工了。 2none 作主语时，谓语动词既可用单数也可用复数，这要取决于说话人的看法。如： None of us seem to have thought of it似乎我们全都没有想到这一点。 None of us has got a camera (None Not a single one) 我们都没有照相机。 3both, (a) few, many, several作主语

8、时，谓语动词通常用复数形式。如： Both (of) the instruments are not precise ones 这两种仪器并不都是精密仪器。 4 all作主语表示人时，谓语动词用复数；表示物时，谓语动词用单数。如： All is well that ends well结果好一切都好。 All are eager to reach an agreement大家都急于达成一项协议。 四、 表示“全体”、“部分”等意义的词作主语时的主谓一致 1当主语是most, the rest, the last, the remainder等时，其谓语一般应遵循意义一致的原则：如果of后面的名词

9、是单数，则用单数；如果of后面的名词表示复数，则用复数。如： Three of us will go, the rest are to stay here 我们中的三个人去，其余的人留在这里。 After the big fire, the remainder is nothing 大火之后什么也没剩下。 2当town, school, village,country 等分别表示总称的“镇民”、 “全校师生”、“村民”时，谓语动词可以用单数，也可以用复数。有时可用the 或加形容词whole修饰。如： The whole school were was sorry when she left.

10、她离开时，全校师生都很伤心。The whole town is are in agreement about the plan全体镇民都同意这项计划。 五、 “the形容词 分词”作主语时的主谓一致 当 ”the 形容词 过去分词”表示一类人或事物时，谓语动词用复数；如果指某一抽象概念时，谓语动词则用单数。如： The sick here are very well cared for这里的病人都被照顾得很好。 The true is to be distinguished(区别，辨别) from the false 真实与虚假应加以区别。 六、 形式为复数、意义为单数的名词作主语时的主谓一致

11、 1表示时间、距离、金额、重量、计量、空间、体积等意义的复数名词作主语，谓语动词常用单数形式。如： Eight hours of sleep is enough 八小时的睡眠足够了。 Ten pounds was missing from the till 钱柜里的10英镑不见了。 2以数字作主语的词或短语，有时可以看成一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。如： Thirty-six from fortyfive leaves nine 四十五减去三十六等于九。 注：两数相加或两数相乘，谓语动词既可用单数形式也可用复数形式。如： Six times seven are is forty-two 六乘以

12、七等于四十二。 3.主语为以-ics结尾的学科名称时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。如： Politics is often a topic for discussion among us政治常常是我们讨论的话题。 4 以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： New York Times has a wide circulation 纽约时报的销路很广。 5.群岛、山脉、瀑布等专有名词如：the Alps, the Philippines, Niagara Falls等作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。如： Niagara Falls are a splendid scene 尼亚加拉瀑

13、布是一个壮丽的景象。 6.一些形式为复数，意思为单数的名词，如：trousers, pants, shorts,glasses, scissors等作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如： Her glasses are new 她的眼镜是新的。 但当这类名词前有a pair of 修饰时，谓语动词应用单数。如： This pair of scissors is made in Hangzhou 这把剪刀是杭州制造的。 七、number many a等作主语时的主谓一致 1the number of (的数目)作主语时，谓语动词用单数；而 a number of (许多)作主语时，谓语动词用复数。如：

14、The number of mistakes is surprising 错误之多是惊人的。 2many a, more than one单数名词构成的短语，尽管意义上是复数，但谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：Many a comrade has that kind of opportunity很多同志都有那种机遇。 3one and a half加复数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： One and a half apples has been eaten by the boy 八、集体名词作主语时的主谓一致 1有生命的词，people，police，cattle，youth等集合名词作主语

15、时，谓语动词一律用复数形式。如： The police are searching the house for the thief谓语动词用复数形式。如： The police are investigating the crime警察正在调查这次犯罪活动。 2无生命的词，如：foliage（叶子），machinery (机械)，merchandise (商品、货物)等作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。如： All the machinery in the factory is made in China 这家工厂的全部机器都是中国制造的。 3.audience， class， crew (全体船

16、员)，committee(委员会)，family, team, group等作主语时，如果指一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果指全体中的每一个成员则用复数形式。如：The football team is being recognized (他们)正在重建这个足球队。 The football team are having baths and then they are coming back here for tea 足球队员们正在洗澡，然后他们会回到这里来喝茶。 九、“one of 复数名词定语从句” 结构中的主谓一致 1.在 “one of 复数名词定语从句” 结构中，定语从句中谓语动词的

17、单复数应由它修饰的先行词的数来决定。如： This is one of the rooms that were damaged in the fire这就是那次大火烧毁的房间之一。 2在“the only one of 复数名词定语从句” 结构中，定语从句的谓语动词应用单数形式。如： Mary is the only one of the youngest girls who plays in the band 玛丽是参加乐队伴奏的最年轻的姑娘。 十、从句、动词不定式、-ing形式作主语时的主谓一致 1.在 “主系表” 结构中，如果以what从句作主语，表语又是单数，主句的谓语动词一般用单数；

18、如果表语是复数，主句的谓语动词一般用复数。动词不定式、ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。如： What caused the accident is a complete mystery 事故是由什么引起的完全是个谜。 What his father left him are a few English books 他父亲留给他的只是几本英语书而已。 To learn English well is difficult学好英语是困难的。 2.当what 从句具有两个或两个以上的动词，是表示复数意义的并列结构时，主句中的谓语动词多用复数形式。如： What I say and think

19、are none of your business 我说的和我想的都与你无关。 3以who, why, how, whether或that引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数形式。如： Why she did this is not known 她为什么做这件事还不清楚。 注：由how and why, when and where引导的从句作主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。如：How and why he had come to Princeton New Jersey is a story of struggle, success and sadness 他为什么以及怎样来到新泽西普林斯顿

20、是一个充满着斗争、成功和悲哀的故事。 4and连接的两个名词性从句作主语，如果表示两件事情，其谓语动词常用复数形式。如：What caused the accident and who was responsible for it remain a mystery to us 造成事故的原因是什么，谁应对事故负责，对我们来说还是一个谜。 十一、其它 1.不可数名词前面加上单位词进行计量，单位词是复数时，谓语动词用复数形式。如：Large quantities of oil are needed Fifty tons of coal were wasted in the factory last

21、 winter 2a goodgreat many，a number of， quite a few，plenty of，a lot of，lots of，a large quantity of，large quantities of等后面接可数名词复数作主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。如： A lot of new machines were bought by the factory I.主谓一致练与析 从A、B、C和D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 1 either he or I fit for the job Neither he nor you AAm; areBIs; a

22、reCAre; are DIs; is 2(1)A cart and a horse in the distance (2)A cart and horse in the distance Awas seenBwere seen CseeDsees 3In our country, every boy and every girl the right to go to school Ahas Bhave Cis Dare 4The wounded good care of here now Ais taken Bare being taken Care taking Dis being tak

23、en 5The factory, including its machines and buildings, burnt last night AisBareCwereDwas 6(1) The students in our school each an English dictionary (2) Each of the students in our school an English dictionary Aare havingBhadChasDhave 7(1)Many students that mistake before (2)Many a student that mista

24、ke before Ahad madeBhas been made Chave madeDhas made 8I, who your good friend, will share your joys and sorrows AwasBareCisDam 9All but him and me to the cinema Aare goingBis goingCwas goingDhas going 10The rest of the novel very interesting Awere Bare Cis Dseem 11Some person calling for you at the

25、 gate Awill beBis being CisDare 12The population of China larger than that of the USA Awill be Bare Cis Dwas 13Deer faster than dogs Awill run Bare running Cruns Drun 14Every means tried, but there is no result Ahave been Bhas been Cwill beDwere 15This pair of trousers my sisterMy trousers Ais belon

26、g to; is being washed Bbelongs to; are being washed Cbelong to; is washedDare belonging to; has been washed 16.To play basketball and to go swimming useful for character-training AwasBisCareDwere 17When and where to build the new factoryyet Ahas not been decided Bis not decided Care not decidedDhave

27、 not been decided 18What I want an interesting book while what he wants two cups of coffeeAis; are Bare; is Bis; is Dare; are 答案与简析 1B。在正式文体中，由连词or, eitheror, neithernor, notbut, whetheror, not onlybut also等连接两个并列主语时谓语动词要与最近的主语保持一致。2(1)B; (2)A。当and或bothand连接两个不可数名词或可数名词作主语时谓语动词用复数形式但如果并列的两个名词指的是同一个人

28、，同一个事物或一套事物时（第二个名词前往往没有冠词），谓语动词要用单数。3A。and连接的并列主语前如果有every, each, no时，谓语动词要用单数。4B。“the形容词分词”作主语表示一类人时谓语动词用复数形式。5D。but, except, besides, with, together with, along with, including, as well as, rather than, like等词连接主语时，谓语动词和前面的主语保持一致。6(1)D; (2)C。each, one, either, neither, anyone, anything, somebody,

29、someone, something, everything, everyone, everybody, no one, nobody, nothing, little,a little作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数；而each作同位语时，谓语动词与句子的主语保持一致。7(1)C; (2)D。many修饰主语时，谓语动词用复数。“many a单数名词”，“more than one单数名词”，具有复数意义，但作主语时谓语动词要用单数。8D。定语从句中的关系代词who, that, which在从句中作主语时其谓语动词要与先行词保持人称和数的一致。9A。all, half of, most of,

30、 none of, some of, a part of, a lot of, plenty of, the rest (of)等代词以及分数、百分数作主语时,要遵循意义一致的原则即其谓语动词的单复数形式要根据它们所代替或所修饰的词的含义来确定。10C。the rest作主语时，谓语动词跟它所指代的名词保持数的一致。11C。some在此句中表示“某一个”，所以谓语动词用单数形式。12C。population作主语时，一般强调的是总人口数量，句中谓语动词用单数形式。13D。deer单、复数形式一致此题中的deer是复数形式。14B。means单、复数形式一致在此句中是单数形式。15B。像trousers, shoes, glasses, clothes等一些由两个部分构成的表示衣物和工具的名词作主语时谓语动词常用复数形式但若主语与a pair of, a kind of等词连用时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。16C。and连接两个不定式作主语, 表示两件事情, 谓语动词用复数形式。17A。两个并列疑问词加动词不定式表示一个概念时，谓语动词用单数形式。18A。从句作主语时，要遵循意义一致的原则.