各种状语从句及练习

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1、 让更多的孩子得到更好的教育北 京 四 中 从句（二）状语从句状语从句是一种作状语用的从句，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或修饰全句，补充说明时间、地点、原因、条件、方式、程度、状态等。 时间状语从句：通常用下列从属连词引导：when, while, as, before, after, since（自从以来）, till (until), as soon as(刚一马上就), once(一旦), whenever等。如：Ill give the note to him as soon as I see him.我一看见他就马上把这条子给他。The first bell was already

2、 ringing before she got to the school gate.她走到学校大门之前，头遍铃已经响了。Ill go and see her after I get the new dress.我买到新衣服之后要去看她。I wont go home until I have finished my homework.我直到做完作业再回家。As you study a globe, you may notice that most of the large land areas are connected.当你研究地球仪时，你会注意到多数大块陆地是相连的。Once he und

3、erstood, he did what he was told to do.一旦他明白了，他就按照吩咐的去做。When clothes are washed, they dont get dry very easily.洗了的衣服不容易干。He has read a lot since he was a child.他从小时候起已经读了许多书。Ill discuss the problem with you whenever you are free.无论你什么时间有空，我就同你讨论这个问题。 the moment/ minute/ second, immediately, directly

4、等副词式连词也可引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”，相当于as soon as, 此时前面不可再加连词，也不可加at, in, on等介词。如：I went home directly I had finished work.我一干完活就回家了。Please phone me immediately you get home.你一到家就给我打个电话。I loved her the moment I saw her.我一看见她就爱上了她。I want to see him the minute he arrives.他一来到我就要见他。* hardly when和 no soonerthan的意义相

5、当于as soon as, 也可引起时间状语从句，但只能用过去时，即从句谓语动词用一般过去时，主句谓语动词用过去完成时。如：I had hardly fallen asleep when I felt a soft touch on my elbow.= Hardly had I fallen asleep when I felt a soft touch on my elbow.我刚一睡着就觉得有人轻轻碰了碰我的胳膊肘。I had no sooner come home than it began to snow.= No sooner had I come home that it beg

6、an to snow.我刚一到家天就开始下起雪来了。 every time, each time, by the time, soon after, shortly after等表示时间的短语也可作为连词使用，引导时间状语从句，此时前面也常不再加连词。如：Each time he comes to Baoding, he comes to see me.每一次他来保定的时候都来看我。You grow younger every time I see you.我每一次见到你的时候你都显得更年轻。Shortly after he took office, the Southern States r

7、ebelled.他任职之后不久，南方各州就叛乱了。By the time he was fourteen years old, he had taught himself advanced mathematics from textbooks.到十四岁的时候，他已自学了课本上的高等数学。until 和not until:当主句中的动词是延续性动词时，常用：until, 表示主句的动作延续到从句表示的动作发生或完成为止。如：Jim stayed up until his mother came back last night.昨晚吉姆一直熬夜到他母亲回来。I waited until he ha

8、d finished his work.我一直等到他做完工作。当主句中的动词是非延续性动词时，常用： notuntil, 表示“直到才”如：Jim didnt go to bed until his mother came back last night.昨晚吉姆直到他母亲回来才睡觉。I wont stop shouting until you let me go.直到你放我走我才停止喊叫。* not until 置于句首时，主句应用倒装语序。如： Not until his mother came back did Jim go to bed.吉姆直到他母亲回来才睡觉。* not until

9、 也可用于强调句型：It is/was not until that如：It was not until his mother came back that Jim went to bed.吉姆直到他母亲回来才睡觉。 before 从属连词，“在之前”，但在具体的句子中，译法多种多样。表示“才” “没来得及就” “后才”如：He measured me before I could get in a word.没等我插上一句话他就给我量好了尺寸。She was angry before I could explain to her.我还没来得及向她解释，她就生气了。He asked a sec

10、ond question before I could answer the first question.我还没来得及回答第一个问题，他又问了一个问题。I hadnt waited long before he came.我没等多久他就来了。We can leave early in the morning before it gets too hot.不等天太热，我们一大清早就出发。They are thinking of buying the house before the prices go up.他们正在考虑趁房价未涨时把房子买下来。We walked a whole day be

11、fore we got to the forest.我们走了一整天才到了森林。*before 还常用于下列句型： It wont be before用不了（多长时间）就会It will bebefore得过（多长时间）才It wasnt before没过（多长时间）就It wasbefore过了（多长时间）才It will be a long time before we finish the task.我们还需要很长时间才能完成这项任务。It wasnt long before he learned to use the computer.不久他就学会使用计算机了。It was some t

12、ime before he told me about this affair.过了一段时间之后他告诉了我这件事。It wont be long before we meet again.不久之后我们还会再见面的。 when, while 和as:when 既可引导一持续性动作，又可引导一短暂性动作。它可以表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时发生，或从句的动作发生在主句动作之前。如：When he was a child, he used to play toys.他小时候常玩玩具。（同时）When the class was over, we began to clean our classroo

13、m.下课后我们开始打扫教室。（从句动作在前）while 指“在某一段时间里”或“在期间”，表示时段或过程，强调主句与从句的行为或状态同时发生或存在。因而while从句必须用延续性动词。如：While I was in San Francisco, I met him twice.当我在旧金山时，我见过他两次。Please dont talk so loud while others are working.别人在干活的时候，你们不要大声喧哗。as 当表示一个人的两个动作交替或同时进行时，多用as,表示“一边一边”。另外，当两个短促行为或事件几乎同时发生时，多用as。这两种情况一般不用when,

14、更不能用while。如：She danced as she sang.她一边唱一边跳。Just as he caught the worm, he cried out.他刚抓住那只虫子，就大声叫了出来。* 当when引导的状语从句是系表结构（名词作表语），其主语又和主句一致时，往往可用as引导的省略从句代替，应注意as在这里是连词，不是介词。如：When he was a young man, he was a storekeeper and a postmaster.= As a young man, he was a storekeeper and a postmaster.他年轻时开过零

15、售店，后来当过邮政所所长。* when 除了作从属连词引导时间状语从句，还可作并列连词连接两个并列分句，这样用时，when前可以用逗号，也可不用逗号。此时，when不译作“当的时候”，而常常表示“正在时，这时另一件事发生了”。其句型有三种形式：be about to do sth. when 正要做某事时突然be doing sth. when 正在做某事时突然had done sth. when 某个动作刚开始或持续没多久，这时另一动作突然发生了如：I was about to start when the telephone rang.我刚要动身电话就响起来了。He was walking

16、 by the sea when he heard a voice for help.他正在海边散步，这时突然听到呼救声。They had just begun to work when the machine broke down.他们刚开始工作，这时机器突然出故障了。 地点状语从句通常用where和wherever引导，二者意义基本相同，但后者感情色彩强。如：Good comrades want to go where work is hard.好同志要到工作艰苦的地方去。Where there is oppression, there is resistance.哪里有压迫，哪里就有反抗

17、。We will go wherever the motherland needs us most.我们要到祖国最需要我们的地方去。Stay where you are.留在原地别动。 地点状语从句和关系副词where 引导的定语从句的区别：定语从句前有一个表示地点的名词作先行词，地点状语从句无此特征；地点状语从句可放在句首，而定语从句不可。如：He found the pencil where he had left it.（where前面无表示地点的名词，状语从句）I found the pencil in the desk where I had left it.( where 前面有表

18、示地点的名词，定语从句) Where there is water and air, there is life.哪里有空气和水，哪里就有生命。（ 状语从句）The village where I was born was very small.我出生的那个村子很小。（定语从句） 原因状语从句通常由连词because, as, since, now that等引导。如：As he was busy, he didnt come.因为他忙，所以他没来。Because he was ill, he didnt go to school.因为他病了，所以没去上学。Now that you have

19、come here, you should stay here.既然你来了，就呆在这儿吧。 because, since, as, 和for 的用法辨析：because 表示直接而明确的原因或理由，语气最强，其引导的状语从句是全句的重心所在，既可置于主句前，也可位于主句之后，主要用来回答why；as语气不如because强，它引导的从句常置于主句之前，主句和从句表达的内容同等重要；since 意为“既然”，它所表示的理由是说话者和听话者所共知的，主句是全句意思的重心所在，只表示事情关系上的自然结果，它所引导的从句常置于主句之前；now that与since, as同义，其区别是now that

20、用来提出一种新的情况，从句和主句的因果关系很小，而since和as连接的句子因果关系比较明显；for连接的是并列句，不能位于句首，它所表示的是附加的理由，是推断的理由；在强调句中只能用because引导从句。如：-Why did he drop out of school? 他为什么辍学？-Because he has no money. 因为他没钱。The oil must be out, for the light went out.一定没油了，因为灯灭了。（对前面主句内容的原因的推测）The light went out because the oil was out.灯灭了，因为没油了

21、。（表原因）It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.昨晚一定是下雨了，因为地上是湿的。（对前面句子做附加说明的理由）Now that you are free today, you may go out for a walk.既然你有空，就出去走走吧。Since he says so, it must be true.他既然这么说，那一定是真的。It was because he was ill that he didnt go with us.（强调句中只能用because引导） 目的状语从句用来引导目的状语从句的连词有：i

22、n case（以免，以防）, for fear that（以免，惟恐）, so that（以便）, in order that（以便）等如：You must be quiet in case your sister is frightened.你一定要保持安静，以免吵醒你妹妹。They asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a “look”.他们请求赶兽的把这头兽停下来，好让他们能看一看。He left early in order that he might be in time to attend the me

23、eting.为了能及时参加会议，他动身很早。 结果状语从句通常用so that, sothat, suchthat等引导如：It was very cold, so that the river froze.天很冷以至于河都结冰了。He ran so quickly that I couldnt catch up with him.他跑得很快以至于我赶不上他。He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper.他进步如此之快，不久

24、就开始用英语给一家美国报纸写文章。 so that引导目的状语从句和结果状语从句的区别：引导目的状语从句时，从句主语后常有may, might, can, could等情态动词，引导结果状语从句时一般没有这些词；so that结果状语从句前可有逗号，而目的状语从句没有；（sothat常引导结果状语从句）如：We hurried so that we might not miss the train.我们匆匆忙忙为的是不误车。（目的）I got up quickly so that I caught the train.我起得很早，结果赶上了火车。（结果）He didnt plan his ti

25、me well, so that he didnt finish the work in time.他没有把时间计划好，结果没及时完成工作。（结果）Jack is so clever a boy that he can work out difficult problems quickly.杰克很聪明，因而能很快的解出难题。（结果）He turned up the radio so that everyone could hear the news.他把收音机音量开大一点，以便大家都能听见新闻。(目的)Bob turned off the alarm so that he could slee

26、p late in the morning.鲍勃关掉闹钟以便早上能睡懒觉。（目的）The teacher raised his voice, so that all the students heard him clearly.老师提高了声音，结果所有的学生都听得很清楚。（结果） so that 与 such that 之间的转换：so + adj./adv. + thatso + adj. + a/an + 单数名词+ thatsuch + a/an + adj. + 单数名词+ thatsuch + adj. + 复数名词或不可数名词+ that如：He is speaking so lo

27、ud that I hear him even from here. 他说话的声音如此大以至于我甚至在这里就能听到。This is so interesting that I have read it twice. 这本书如此有趣以至于我读了两遍。It was such fine weather that they went out for a picnic.天气如此好以至于他们去野餐了。It is such an interesting book that everyone wants to read it. 这是如此有趣的一本书，每个人都想读它。 条件状语从句通常由以下连词引导：if, u

28、nless, on condition that, suppose, in case(如果，万一), as /so long as(只要)等如：If you are thirsty, water far away cant help you.远水不解近渴。So long as we do not divorce ourselves from the masses, we are certain to be victorious.只要我们不脱离群众，我们就一定会胜利。You cant expect the reception to be clear unless the radio set is

29、 properly tuned it.如果不把收音机调好，你不可能指望收到清晰的播音。Suppose we cant get the necessary equipment, what shall we do?假设我们弄不到必要的设备，那我们怎么办？Well let you use the room on condition that you keep it clean and tidy.我们可以让你们用这个房间，如果你们能保持整洁的话。Send us a message in case you have any difficulty.万一有什么困难请给我们一个信。unless作连词，表示“如

30、果不”，“除非”，在意义上等于ifnot, 在有些场合主要是指真实条件句，它引导的肯定式的条件状语从句可以和if引导的否定式的条件状语从句互换。如：Unless you change your mind, I wont be able to help you.= If you dont change your mind, I wont be able to help you.除非你改变你的想法，否则我不能帮助你。* unless不可用于假想的事情，因此，当ifnot引导非真实条件状语从句时，一般不可改用unless.如：If she werent so silly, she would und

31、erstand.如果她不那么傻，她就会懂了。 方式状语从句通常由as, as if/though等引导如：You should do just as I told you.你应该根据我叫你做的去做。He acted as he had known the news.他行动起来好像已经知道了这消息。 as if引导的状语从句多用虚拟语气，也可用陈述语气。如：It looks as if its going to rain.看起来天好像要下雨。（陈述语气）She loves the boy as if she were his mother.她像母亲一样爱这个孩子。（虚拟语气）*as if 引导的

32、从句可用省略形式，其后可接分词、不定式。如：He opened the mouth as if to speak.他张开口，像要说话一样。She stood at the door as if waiting for someone.她站在门口好像在等人。 比较状语从句通常由asas, not so/as as, than等引导。在这种状语从句中如果谓语动词与主句一致时，或省略，或用替代词do, does, did等。如：She is not so pretty as her sister.她没有她妹妹长得好看。We didnt watch as carefully as they did.我

33、们不如他们观察得仔细。He is less tall than Tom.他没有汤姆高。 在not as/so as 这个句型中，如果主句的主语与从句的主语相同，都指同样的事物时，可以用that代替单数或不可数名词，用those代替可数名词复数。如：The population of Beijing is not as large as that of Shanghai.北京的人口不如上海的人口多。（that代替不可数名词the population）Books in our library are not as many as those in the city library.我们图书馆的藏

34、书没有市图书馆的藏书多。（those代替复数名词the books） 让步状语从句通常由though, although, as(虽然), even if, even though, whoever, whatever, whichever, whenever, wherever, however, no matter who/what/which/when/where/how, whether等引导。如：Though it was very cold, he still stuck to his post.尽管天气很冷，他仍然坚守工作岗位。I would not tell you even

35、if I knew it.即使我知道这一点，我也不会告诉你。Late as it was, he still studied on.=Although it was late, he still studied on.尽管天已很晚，他仍然在学习。Whatever shortcomings he may have, he is a good comrade.无论他可能会有什么缺点，他都不失为一个好同志。Whoever you may be, I wont let you in.无论你是谁，我都不放你进来。Youll have to do it, whether you like it or no

36、t.不管你喜欢还是不喜欢，你都得去做。 no matter +疑问词，（如：no matter what, no matter when, no matter where,） 用来引导让步状语从句。疑问词+ever (如：whatever, whenever, whoever, whichever,) 既可引导状语从句，也可引导名词性从句。如：No matter who breaks the law, he should be punished.=Whoever breaks the law, he should be punished.不管谁犯了法，他都应该受到惩罚。 （状语从句）No ma

37、tter how hard you try, youll never lose your English accent.=However hard you try, youll never lose your English accent.不管你多么努力，你也决不会不带英国口音。（状语从句）Ill eat whatever you give me.不管你给我什么我都吃。（宾语从句，不能用no matter what来替换）Whoever breaks the law should be punished.任何违反法律的人都要受到惩罚。（主语从句，不能用no matter who来替换）当whe

38、n, while, until, though, although, if等引导的状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同或从句的主、谓语分别为it 和be动词时，从句中的主语及部分谓语（be动词或助动词）可省略。如：Although (he was) told many times, he hasnt remembered my telephone number.虽然告诉他好多次了，但他还是记不住我的电话号码。When (we are) working with the workers, we learned a lot from them.当我们和工人在一起劳动的时候，我们从工人那儿学到了很多的东西

39、。When (he was) asked, he gave good advice.问到他的时候，他提供了好的建议。Though (she is ) young, she is very sensible.虽然她小，但却很懂事。He said he wouldnt go to the party unless (he was) invited.他说除非被邀请，否则不去参加晚会。If (it is) necessary, Ill go there myself.如果有必要，我会自己到那儿去的。As (he was) a young man, he worked in a factory.年轻的时

40、候，他在一家工厂工作。When (you are) in trouble, let me know, Ill try my best to help you.遇到困难时，告诉我，我会尽力帮助你。高考预测题：1.Read it aloud _ the class can hear you.A. so that B. if C. when D. although2.I learned a little Russian _ I was at middle school.A. though B. although C. as if D. when3._ I catch a cold, I have p

41、ain in my back.A. Every time B. Though C. Even D. Where4.Small _ it is, the pen is a most useful tool.A. because B. so C. if D. as5._ had I hurried into the cave _ it began to pour down.A. No sooner, when B. Hardly, when C. Hardly, than D. As soon as, when6.I will never give in _ he might do or say

42、about my plan.A. no matter how B. how C. whatever D. although7._ we have finished the book we shall start doing some exercises.A. For now B. Since that C. Now that D. Since now8.Peter worked just so much _.A. like what he was told toB. as he was told toC. as to what he tried to doD. like he was told

43、 to9._ she was sitting at the desk, the day-dreaming Alice saw figures in the sky.A. Until B. Since C. While D. During10._ he does his work, I dont mind what time he arrives at the office.A. So far as B. So long as C. In case D. Meanwhile11.-Did you remember to give him the money you owed him? -Yes,

44、 _ I saw him, I remembered it.A. while B. the moment C. suddenly D. momentarily12._ a baby turtle is hatched, it must be able to feed for itself.A. Not sooner than B. No sooner C. So soon that D. As soon as13.The thief stole his wallet _ he knew it.A. before B. until C. while D. after14._ air traffi

45、c is closely controlled, flying is relatively safe.A. Unless B. As soon as C. Although D. Once15.If you go to Xian you will find the places there more magnificent than commonly _.A. supposing B. supposed C. to suppose D. suppose16.I ran to the hospital _ I heard the sad news.A. in a moment B. immedi

46、ately C. at the moment D. quickly17.Ill not ring you up _ I come back.A. when B. as C. until D. while18.It was a long time _ they met again.A. before B. when C. for D. since19.The house stood _ there had been a rock.A. which B. at which C. when D. where20._ born in Paris, the author was famous for h

47、is stories about London.A. Since B. Once C. When D. Although21.More people will eat out in restaurants _ they do today.A. than B. when C. while D. as22.Youd better hurry _ it is getting dark.A. and B. but C. as D. unless23._ I went to town, I would have a look at the bookstore.A. Like B. While C. Wh

48、enever D. After24._ the day went on, the weather got worse.A. With B. Since C. While D. As25.It was _ that they went out for a walk.A. so fine dayB. such fine a dayC. such a fine weatherD. so fine a day26.Im not so eager _.A. like he B. like him C. as him D. as he27.We will work _ we are needed.A. h

49、owever B. because C. wherever D. since28.Ill stay here _ everyone else comes back.A. even if B. as though C. until D. because29._ he comes, we wont be able to go.A. Without B. Unless C. Except D. Even30._ hard he tries, he can hardly avoid making mistakes in his homework.A. However B. Much C. As D.

50、Although答案与提示：1.A题意为：要读出声，以便全班能够听见你的声音。so that 引导目的状语从句。在这个从句中，谓语动词使用了情态动词can +动词原形hear。2.D题意为：我上中学时曾学过一点俄语。在本题中，从属连词when引导一个时间状语从句。3.A题意为：每当我感冒时后背疼。从属连词every time引导一个时间状语从句。4.D从属连词as引导让步状语从句，它的意思是“虽然”。Small as it is=Although it is small.题意为：钢笔虽小，但它是有用的工具。5.BHardly when或No soonerthan引导时间状语从句，意为：一就6.

51、C此题是考察让步状语从句。因为从句中的谓语do 和say都是及物动词，显然只有whatever可以作它的宾语。7.C从句上下文看，选择now that，表示原因，意思是“既然”，其他答案既不符合语法，也不符合句意。8.B从上下文看，该句是一个含有方式状语从句的复合句。在A、B、C、D四个选项中只有B才能引导方式状语从句。9.C从上下文来看，该句是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句。until, since, 和while都可以引导时间状语从句，但是此处的两个句子的动作是同时发生的，所以只能选择while.10.B 本句是一个含有条件状语从句的复合句。so far as和so long as都可以引导

52、条件状语从句，但so far as表示“就说”、“据”，用于此处不符合句意。只有so long as才能确切地表达句意。11.B 从上下文看，该句是一个含有时间状语从句的复合句。While连接两个同时发生的动作，用于此处不合句意。the moment引导时间状语从句，相当于as soon as.12.D as soon as引导时间状语从句。no soonerthan也可引导时间状语从句，但该句的从句需要用过去完成时，并且no sooner放在句首时，主语与助动词颠倒，以形成倒装。13.A 句意为：他还不知道是怎么回事，钱包就被偷走了。before+ 主语 + know是一种习惯表达方式，意思

53、是“不就”或“不知不觉”。14.D once 意为“一旦”，引导时间状语从句。15.B 本题是省略的比较状语从句，完整的句子是：If you go to Xian you will find the places there more magnificent than they are commonly supposed.16.B immediately/directly/the moment/ the minute/ the second等词可引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”，相当于as soon as, 此时前面不可再加连词，也不可加at, in, on等介词。17.C until 既可用于

54、肯定结构，也可用于否定结构。肯定结构意为“到为止”，否定结构意为“直到才”。本题主句谓语动词为终止性动词，用了否定句，应翻译成“直到我回来，我才会给你打电话。18.A It was before是常用句型，表示经过某段时间后，发生了某事。翻译为“才”。19.D 从属连词where引导一个地点状语从句。The house stood where there had been a rock.意为“那所房子就在曾有块岩石的地方。”20.D 全句应为：Although he was born in Paris, the author was famous for his stories about L

55、ondon.(虽然这位作家出生在巴黎，但他以描写伦敦的故事而出名。本题中although引导一个让步状语从句，省略了he was。21.D从属连词as引导方式状语从句。题意为：像今天这样，更多的人将在外边的餐馆用餐。22.Cas引导原因状语从句。题意为：你最好抓紧时间，因为天快黑了。23.Cwhenever相当于no matter when，意为“无论何时，每当”。24.Das意为“随着，与同时”，表示动作同时发生伴随进行。while引导的从句中的动词只限于延续性动词。since引导时间状语从句，主句通常用完成时。25.Dso和such 的常用句型为：so + adj. + a/an + 单数

56、名词+ that和such + a/an + adj. + 单数名词+ that。weather是不可数名词。26.Dlike和as在意义上都是“像”，但用法上完全不同，like是介词，其后只能跟名词或代词宾格，构成介词短语。As是连词，其后接比较从句，该句以不完全形式出现。本题的完整的句型是I am not so eager as he (is eager).27.C题意为：哪里需要我们，我们就将在哪里工作。从属连词wherever引导地点状语从句。28.C题意为：我将呆在这儿直到有人回来为止。在这个从句中谓语动词comes使用了一般现在时形式与主句中的将来时时态搭配，表示将来要发生的动作。29.B连词unless引导一个条件状语从句，意思是“如果不”。题意为：如果他不来，我们就不能去。30.Ahowever hard he tries 相当于no matter how hard he trie