园林英语简明词典

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1、园林英语简明词典园林英语简明字典Accessibility可达性advancenotice事先通知aerobicdigesters需氧消化池brickandconcreteblockwalls砖和混凝土砌块墙woodandmetalfences木头和金属栅栏aggregatebase混合基础Anaerobicdigesters厌氧分解池arterialstreets主干道ASLA美国景观设计师协会averagewalkingdistance平均步行距离Bbackfill回填barcharts横道图beams大梁benchmarks水准点biodiversity生物多样性biomass生物量bo

2、ardwalks栈桥bondingcompany担保公司boundarysurvey边界测量bulldozers推土机construction施工stonewalls石头墙constructiondocument施工文件constructionobservation施工监理constructionsequence施工顺序contingencies临时费contract合同typesof类型contractdocuments合同文件Accessibleroute易达的路线aerialphotogrammetry航空摄影测量aestheticconsiderations审美方面的考虑stonewa

3、lls石头墙aestheticcontrols审美控制AIA美国建筑师协会APA美国规划师协会as-builtrecords施工记录athleticfacility运动设施axioms原理backhoe挖沟机barrierdesign障碍设计bearingcapacity承载力billing帐簿bioengineering生物工程bioretentionponds生物滞留池boundarydefinition边界确定brownfields褐色土地businessdevelopment商业开发brickandconcreteblockwalls砖和混凝土砌块墙woodandmetalfences

4、木头和金属栅栏constructionlayout施工布局constructionpermits施工许可constructionsurvey施工测量contingencyallowance临时津贴responsibilities责任unauthorizedchanges未经同意的变更controlpoints控制点conveyancetechniques,stormwater雨水的输送技术correctiveobservation校正性（补救性，修正性）检查（监理）corridors廊道costestimatecomponents造价估算内容equipmentcrewcosts设备人工费lab

5、orcost人工费material材料productivity生产率quantitytake-offmethods起点数量法costplus造价累计courtsurface运动场地地面culverts涵洞，暗沟，管道costdata造价数据equipmentcosts设备费generalrequirementscosts一般要求的费用location位置，地点overtime加班费projectscale项目规模costestimating造价估算courtgames场地运动CSI施工规范原理cutoperations挖方工程decking平台面，铺板basiccomponents基本内容es

6、timatingdesignload估算设计荷载plank-and-beamframing厚木板梁框架hardware五金件siteanalysis场地分析structuraldesign结构设计deferredmaintenance延期维修（维护）demolition,selective选择性破坏designdevelopment设计扩初，设计深化designimpacts设计影响designspeed设计速度detentionponds滞留池industrial.Seeindustrialdevelopment工业，见工业开发见居住开发datum数据decks平台，甲板designrequ

7、irements设计要求framingmethod结构方法platformframing平台框架wood木料，木材spantables跨度表decks,functionof平台的功能demolition,general整体破坏density密度designframework设计框架designquality设计质量detailscale细部尺度development开发residential.Seeresidentialdevelopment居住，developmentprogramming开发计划developmenttypes,industrialandbusiness开发类型，工业和商业

8、dimensionalCriteria标注标准dimensions标注dimensionofhumanfigures人体尺度directlabor直接人工费disconnectedimperviousness不连续的非渗透地面disposal处理，处置，排除，清除DL.SeedirectlaborDL.见直接人工费drainage排水，流域面积，排洪，排水系统drinkingwater饮用水drydetentionponds干滞池durability耐久性Eames,CharlesandRay查理埃姆斯和雷earthwork土方ecologicalimpact生态影响economicimpac

9、t经济影响edgehabitat边缘栖息地edgerestraint边缘限制electricallines电力线embodiedenergy蕴藏能量endwalls尾墙energy能量embodied.Seeembodiedenergy具体化的，见蕴藏能量，具体能量energycosts能量造价environmentalimpactanalysis环境影响分析environmentalimpactstatement（EIS）环境影响报告书（EIS）scopingprocess确定范围程序environmentalmodification环境修复equipmentcosts设备费equipmen

10、tcrewcosts设备人工费equivalents相等物，等同物estimating估算stormwaterrunoff雨水径流量estimatingwatelrowfs估算水流量evaluation评价evapotranspirationrate土壤水分蒸发蒸腾损失总量速率exoticplantspecies外来植物物种eyelevels视平线Ffabricreinforcement纤维加固，织物加强件facilitiesplanningdata设施规划数据feasibilityplanning可行性规划federalregulations联邦规范floodprotection防洪hist

11、oricpreservation历史保留NationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct(NEPA)国家环境政策法案(NEPA)NPDESgeneralpermitsNPDES一般性许可Section10permit第10条许可Section404permit第404条许可fee费用costplusfixed固定费用之和lumpsum总数，总合retainer律师费fencesandwalls栅栏和围墙fences,woodandmetal栅栏，木栅栏和金属栅栏aestheticconsiderations审美方面的考虑components组分，内容construction施工st

12、ructuralconsiderations结构方面的考虑fieldorders现场通知单fieldsports田径运动fieldsurfaces田径运动场地面fieldsurveys现场测量filloperations填方工程fill,general一般性填方filterstrips滤器，滤池，过滤，滤水filtration过滤filtrationsystems过滤系统finishgrading设计标高flexiblepavement柔性地面铺装floodprotection防洪footage尺长footings立足点fragmentation破碎Frenchdrains法式排水frostd

13、epth结冻深度，冰冻深度functionalrequirement功能要求Ggardenpool花园游泳池generalcontractor总承包商generalfill总填方generalrequirementscosts一般要求的费用generalroadwaystandards一般道路标准geodeticsurvey测地学测量GIS地理信息系统golfanddrivingranges高尔夫和高尔夫练习场grading场地平整granularsoil粒状土壤gravitywall重力墙graywater灰水greenfields绿色用地，绿色土地groundcovers地被植物groun

14、dwaterprotection地下水保护groundwaterrecharge地下水补给groundwaterresources地下水资源，地下水储量growingseason生长期guarantees抵押物Hhandlevel手动水平仪handrailings扶手hazardousplants有毒植物headwalls头墙heavyduty重型的，责任重大的herbaceousplants草本植物highway高速公路historicpreservation历史保留horizontalalignment平面设计hotarid炎热干燥hothumid炎热潮湿hydrographicsurve

15、y水文测量hydrologiccycle水文周期Iilluminance亮度followups连续footingdrains基座处排水，立足点排水foundations基础FreewayorDistributorSystems高速路或分配者系统frictioncoefficient摩擦系数frost-thawcycle结冻-融化周期generalconditions一般情况generaldemolition整体破坏generalrequirements一般要求impervioussurfaceratio不渗透地面比例industrialdevelopment工业开发industrialpark

16、s工业园区infiltrationbeds渗透床infiltrationponds渗透池infiltrationwells渗透井infiltration,stormwater雨水渗透inspection检查installation安装InsuranceRateMaps(FIRMs)保险赔偿比例地图interpretation注释，解释invasivespecies入侵物种irrigation灌溉irrigationponds灌溉池塘irrigationsystems灌溉系统irrigationwater,sourcesof灌溉水水源Jjobmeetings工作会议joists托梁Llaborc

17、osts人工费lagoons塘lampcharacteristics灯具的特点landscapeassessment景观评价LandscapeCoeflicient(KL)景观系数(KL)landscapeplanning景观规划landscapeplanningstrategies景观规划对策landscapeplantings,calculatingwater景观种植用水量的计算large-scalesites大型场地layoutandsurveying布局和测量layoutmethods布局方法layoutplans平面图，布局平面layoutrequirements布局要求layout

18、survey布局测量leachingfields沥滤场lightdepreciation不强烈的抗议lightduty轻型的lighting照明atmosphereandcharacter气氛和特征orientationandidentification方位和识别safetyandsecurity安全和治安limit-of-workline工作期限localorminorstreets当地的或小街道localregulations当地规范(规定)aestheticcontrols审美控制constructionpermits施工许可plannedunitdevelopmentregulatio

19、n有规划的单元开发规范（规定）subdivisionregulations（土地）再细分规范（规定）zoningregulations分区规划规范（规定）rezoning再分区规划variances变动lumen流明luminance亮度lumpsumfee总费用lux勒克司（国际单位制的照明单位，即米烛光）Lyle,JohnTillman约翰蒂尔曼莱尔Mmagneticdeclination磁力偏差maintenanceanddisposal维修和处理maintenanceperiod维修期maneuveringpatterns运行方式mapprojections地图投影mapscale制图

20、比例markup涨价masterplanning总体规划MASTERFORMAT雇主表格materialcosts材料费materiallifecyclecostestimates材料生命周期造价估算materialsamples材料样品materialselection材料选择measuresofintensity强度衡量residentialdevelopment居住开发retailcommercialdevelopment零售商业开发mechanicslien机械扣押权release让度证书mediumduty中型medium-scalesites中型场地metesandbounds界石

21、和边界线metricratio公制比例mitigationstrategies,stormwater缓解措施，暴雨mobilizationcost流通费moisturecontent湿度，含水量，水汽含量monolithicpavement整体路面，整体铺装moonlighting月光式照明movementcriteria移动标准multi-familyhousing多户住宅municipalsewersystems市政排水系统NNationalEnvironmentalPolicyAct（NEPA）国家环境政策法案，简称（NEPA）naturaldrainageways自然排水道natura

22、lresources自然资源needsassessment需求评估negotiation协议，商议，协商neighborhoodcommercial邻里商业neighborhoodscale邻里尺度netpositivesuctionhead净吸真空高度noxiousplants有毒植物NEPAgeneralpermits国家环境政策法案的一般许可Oofficeparks办公园区OH.SeeoverheadOH.见经常性开支on-sitetreatmentsystems分散式污水处理系统openspaceratio开敞空间比例orientation超向，方位ornamentalponds观赏性

23、水池ornamentalpools观赏性水池overhead经常性开支annualrate年度比率overheadandprofit经常性开支和利润overruns,time时间延误overtime加班费overturning翻腾，水的竖直循环现象owner所有者Ppackageplants丛生植物parking停车场parkingdimensions停车场尺寸parkinglot停车场parkinglots停车场parkingrequirements停车场要求patches斑块pathlighting小径照明pathways小径pavement铺装，路面pavement,flexible柔性

24、铺装，柔性路面pavement,rigid刚性铺装，刚性路面pavements道路paver铺路材料，铺路机，铺石人paving铺装，铺路payment报酬；支付non-payment无报酬的requests申请pedestrianstandards步行标准penalties罚金，罚款percentageofconstruction施工的百分比permittingprocesses申请程序personnelallocation人员配备photometriccharts光度表physicalcharacteristics物理特征picnicking野餐piers支墩，支柱，防洪堤pipes管道p

25、lacescale场地尺度plandiscrepancies平面的不符之处planesurvey平面测量plannedmultiusedevelopments有计划的综合开发plannedunitdevelopmentregulations有计划的单元开发规范planning规划developmentfeasibilityplanning开发的可行性规划landscapeplanning景观规划masterplanning总体规划planthardiness植物的抗寒性plantmortality植物的死亡率planting种植clean-upandfinalinspection清理和检查gr

26、oundcovers地被植物seedingandsodding种草和铺草皮shrubs灌木trees乔木plantingconditions种植现状plantingdesign种植设计plantingrequirements种植要求plants,hazardous有害的植物plants,herbaceous草本的植物plants,noxious有毒的植物plants,salttolerant耐盐碱的植物，playsurfaces游戏场地地面playgrounds游戏场地pointofbeginning起始点pondsystems池塘系统claylenses粘土防渗层depth深度synthet

27、icliners合成材料垫层，合成材料衬里（衬底）pools游泳池competition竞赛用游泳池recreational娱乐用游泳池poolsstructure游泳池结构depth深度freeboard干舷posts柱potablewater饮用水PowersofTen十的力量precipitation降雨，降水量precision精确性；准确性preparedsubgrade素土夯实preventativeobservation预防性监理pricing报价materiallifecyclecostestimates材料生命周期造价估算overheadandprofit经常性开支和利润sq

28、uaremetercostestimates平方米造价估算systemsestimates系统估算法unitpricecostcalculation单位标价造价计算privacy私密性privategarden私家花园productdistribution产品销售productpackaging产品包装productivity生产率projectbudget项目预算projectcloseout项目竣工projectmeetings项目会议projectobservation项目检查projectrecords项目登记projectscale项目规模proprietarysurfaces地上有

29、房产publicgarden公共花园publicplaza公共广场pumps水泵punchlist打孔登记表punchlists打孔登记表Qquantitytake-offmethods数量估算法Rrampslopes坡道坡度ramps坡道rates,standardbilling标准记帐率RationalMethod推理计算方法rawmaterial原材料re-use再利用rechargetrenches（地下水）补给沟渠recreationstandards文娱体育标准recreationalpools娱乐用游泳池recyclablematerials可循环使用的材料recycledwat

30、er循环水recycling再循环使用（的）regionalcommercial地区性商业regionalconsiderations地区性居住regionalscale区域尺度regulations,federal联邦的规范（规定）regulations,local地方的规范（规定）regulations,state州的规范（规定）reimbursableexpenses可补偿费用reinforcedembankments加固的土堤，加固筑堤rejections排斥，阻止，抑制replacements替代reservoirstructures水库构筑物，蓄水池，贮器residentialde

31、velopment居住开发residentialstandards居住标准retailcommercialdevelopment零售商业开发appropriatenessofagivensitefor某个特定场地的适宜性retainer律师费retainingstructures护土结构，阻挡构筑物typesof类型retainingwalls挡土墙retentionpondsSeewetdetentionponds滞留池，见调节池，贮水池rigidpavement刚性路面rigidretainingwalls刚性挡土墙risk风险roads道路roadwaydesignelements道路设

32、计要素roadwaydimensions道路尺寸rockremoval去除岩石roofgarden屋顶花园roughgrading粗略的场地平整RouteSurveyAsurveyofexistingoralignmentofroutesurvey现状测量的线路测量或道路定线测量runoffcoefficients,stormwater雨水径流系数Ssafetyandsecurity安全和保安salttolerantplants耐盐植物saltwaterintrusion咸水（海水）侵入sandfilters砂滤池，砂滤层scheduling制定日程表schematicstudies方案研究S

33、chuelersShortcutMethod许勒尔捷径法，斯库勒快捷方式scopeofservices服务范围scopeofwork工作范围screeningandcirculation屏障和组织交通SCSRunoffCurveNumberMethod土地保护局水土保持局的径流曲线数值法seatwalls坐椅式矮墙Section10Permit第10条许可Section404Permit第404条许可seeding种草segmentalandstackwallretainingsystems护土段墙和垒墙系统seismicconditions地震状况selectivedemolition选择性

34、破坏sensorystimuli感官刺激septicsystems净化系统settlementatthetoe在坡底建房sewersystemsmunicipal市政排水系统shadowcalculations投影计算sheetflow地表水膜，水膜浅流，层流，片流shopdrawing产品安装图shrubs灌木shut-downs暂时停工signage标志silhouettelighting轮廓照明single-familyattachedhomes独户式联排住宅single-familydetachedhome独户式独立住宅siteclearing场地清理sitefurnishings场地

35、美化siteselection场地选择sites,large-scale大型的场地sliding滑动，移动smallscalesites小型场地SmallStormHydrologyMethod小型暴雨水文法socialimpact社会影响sodding铺草皮soilcharacteristics土壤特征soilpressureforces土壤压力soil,colloidal胶质土壤soil,granular粒状土壤soil,weightof土壤质量，土壤重量spantables跨度表spatialscale空间尺度SpatialStandards空间标准specifications说明书，具

36、体要求spotlighting射灯照明spoutingfountains喷射喷泉spraydisplays喷射装置spreadlighting泛光灯照明sprinklersystems,conventional传统的喷水系统dripsystem,low-volume耗水量低的滴灌系统containerplants盆栽植物headselectionandlayout喷头选择和布置precipitationrate沉淀率，喷水速率squaremetercostestimate平方米造价估算squareunit平方单位stabilitytestes稳定性检测stage-storagecurvesta

37、irway楼梯staking定桩standardbillingrates标准记帐率stateregulations州规范stateenvironmentalpolicyacts(SEPAs)stationoffsets源点偏移stockpiling储备storage,stormwater雨水蓄积，暴雨蓄积stormsewers雨水排水管stormwatermanagement雨水管理，暴雨管理stormwaterpeakdischarge雨水高峰排放量stormwaterrunoffestimating雨水径流估算stormwaterstorage雨水蓄积structuralconsidera

38、tions结构方面的考虑brickandconcreteblockwalls砖和混凝土砌块墙stonewalls石头墙woodandmetalfences木头和金属栅栏subbase基础，路基subdivisionregulations(土地)再细分规范subdrain地下排水subgradeconditions地基现状superelevation超高surfacewater地表水surface地面field运动场track跑道surfacingrequirements地面处理要求swimming游泳systemsestimates系统估算Ttelecommunicationlines电信线路

39、tests检测timeofconcentration浓缩时间州环境政策法案，简称(SEPAs)subgrade地基substitutions代用surface地面surfacewatersupplies地表水供应court运动场地play游戏场surfacing地面处理swales洼地swimmingpools游泳池temperate温和的，适度的timedelays时间延误timeover-runs加班时间topographicsurvey地形测量totlots儿童游戏场，幼儿游戏场topsoilstripping表土剥离townscape城市景观trackandfield跑道和运动场tra

40、verse导线treeprotection树木保护trenching挖沟UU.S.CustomaryScale美国惯用比例uniformity均匀，一律，一致性unitpavement单体铺装，单位路面updating最新式的urbanstreams城市河流Vvegetation,existing现状植被vehicularcirculationsystems机动车交通系统vehicularstandards机动车标准verification证实verticalalignment纵断面VisualCriteria视觉标准Wwalks步行道路aestheticconsiderations审美方面的

41、考虑construction施工walls,stone石头墙components组成，内容wasteresources垃圾资源wastewatertreatment污水处理waterfeature水景，水体特征displaypumps喷灌泵lighting照明pressure水压systemrequirements系统要求WaterQuality水质waterresourceprotection水源保护waterresource水源watershed流域wearingsurface正在磨损的表面wetdetentionponds湿滞留池wildlifemigration野生生物迁徙workin

42、gdocuments.Seeconstructiondocumentstoxicity毒性tracksurface跑道地面tread-riserratios踏步宽和踏步高的比值tree-planting,techniques植树技术unauthorizedchanges未经同意的变更unitcosts单位造价unitpricecostcalculation单位标价造价计算uplighting向上照明urbanstreet城市街道walls,brickandconcreteblock砖和混凝土砌块墙components组成，内容structuralconsiderations结构方面的考虑aes

43、theticconsiderations审美的考虑structuralconsiderations审美方面的考虑wastes垃圾waterdemand用水需求considerationsinuseof用途方面的考虑evaporation蒸发piping管道recycledwater循环使用的水watereffects水景效果waterqualityvolume水质容积waterresource,demandon水源需要watersupply给水wearingcourse面层，磨损过程weephole泄水孔wheelload车轮轮压wooddeck木质甲板（平台）工作文件，见施工文件WQV.SeewaterqualityvolumeWQV见水质体积Zzoningregulations分区规划规定rezoning再分区规划variances变动