行业英汉术语对照索引道路工程

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1、行业英汉术语对照索引道路工程英汉术语对照索引abrasiveness 磨耗度absolute datum 绝对基面abutment 桥台abutment pier 制动墩acceleration lane 加速车道accidental load 偶尔荷载acmodation lane 专用车道acoustic barrier 隔音墙acting circles of blasting 作用圈additional stake 加桩adjacent curve in one direction 同向曲线admixture 外加剂admixture 反坡平安线aerial photogrammetr

2、y 航空摄影测量aerophoto base 航摄基线 aerophoto interpretation 航摄像片判读 ageing 老化aggregate 集料(骨料)air hardining 气硬性alignment design (城市道路)平面设计，线形设计alignment element 线形要素alligator cracking 路面龟裂allowable rebound deflection 容许(回弹)弯沉alternative line 比拟线anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式桥台anchored bulkhead abutment 锚锭板式

3、挡土墙anchored retaining wall 锚杆式挡土墙anionic emulsified bitumen 阴离子乳化沥青annual average daily traffic 年平均日交通量anti-creep heap (厂矿道路)挡车堆 anti-dizzling screen 防炫屏(遮光栅)antiskid heap (厂矿道路)防滑堆approach span 引桥aquitard 隔水层arch bridge 拱桥arch culvert 拱涵arch ring 拱圈arterial highway 干线公路arterial road (厂内)主干道，(城市)主干路

4、asphalt distributor 沥青洒布车asphalt mixing plant 沥青混合料拌和设备asphalt remixer 沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt remixer 复拌沥青混合料摊铺机asphalt sand 沥青砂asphalt sprayer 沥青洒布机 asphaltic bitumen 地沥青at-grade intersection 平面穿插auxiliary lane 附加车道average consistency (of soil) 土的)平均稠度average gradient 平均纵坡aximuth angle 方位角balance weight r

5、etaining wall 衡重式挡土墙base course 基层base line 基线basic traffic capacity 根本通行才能beam bridge 梁桥beam level deflectometer 杠杆弯沉仪bearing 支座bearing angle 象限角bearing pile 支承桩 bearing platform 承台bed course 垫层bench mark 水准点benched subgrade 台口式路基bending strength 抗弯强度Benkelman beam 杠杆弯沉仪(贝克曼弯沉仪)bent cap 盖梁berm 护坡道b

6、inder 结合料binder course 联结层bitumen 沥青bitumen (沥青混合料)抽提仪bitumen-aggregate ratio 油石比bituminous concrete pavement 沥青混凝土混合料 5bituminous concrete mixture 沥青混凝土路面 bituminous concrete moxture 沥青碎石混合料bituminous macadam pavement 沥青碎石路面bituminous moxture 沥青混合料bituminous pavement 沥青路面bituminous peration pavemen

7、t 沥青贯入式路面biuminous surface treatment (沥青)外表处治blasting crater 漏斗blastion for loosening rock 松动blasting for throwing rock 抛掷blasting procedure 土石方bleeding 泛油blind ditch 盲沟blind drain 盲沟block pavement 块料路面block stone 块石 blow up 拱胀boring 钻探boring log (道路)地质柱状图boring machine 钻孔机borrow earth 借土borrow pit

8、取土坑boundary frame on crossing 道口限界架boundary frame on road 道路限界架boundary line of road construction 道路建筑限界bowstring arch bridge 系杆拱桥box culvert 箱涵branch pipe of inlet 雨水口支管branch road (城市)支路，(厂内)支道bridge 桥梁bridge decking 桥面系 bridge deck pavement 桥面铺装 bridge floor expantion and contraction installation

9、 traction installation桥面伸缩装置bridge gerder erection equpment 架桥机bridge on slope 坡桥bridge site 桥位bridle road 驮道broken chainage 断链broken stone 碎石broken back curve 断背曲线buried abutment 埋置式桥台bus bay 公交(车辆)停靠站bypass 绕行公路cable bent tower 索塔cable saddle 索鞍 cable stayed bridge 斜拉桥(斜张桥)Cableway erecting equipm

10、ent 缆索吊装设备California bearing ratio (CBR) 加州承载比(CBR)California bearing ratio tester 加州承载比(CBR)测定仪camber cruve 路拱曲线cantilever beam bridge 悬臂梁桥cantilever beam bridge 悬臂式挡土墙capacity of intersection 穿插口通行才能capacity of work 路网通行才能capillary water 毛细水carriage way 车行道(行车道)cast-in-place cantilever method 悬臂浇筑

11、法cationic emulsified bitumen 阳离子乳化沥青cattle-pass 畜力车道cement concrete 水泥混凝土 cemint concrete pavement 水泥混凝土混合料cement concrete pavement 水泥混凝土路面center-island 中心岛center lane 中间车道center line of raod 道路中线center line survey 中线测量center stake 中桩central reserve 分隔带channelization 渠化交通shannelization island 导流岛cha

12、nnelized intrersection 分道转弯式穿插口chip 石屑chute 急流槽circular curve 圆曲线circular curve 环路 circular test 环道试验city road 城市道路civil engineering fabric 土工织物classified highway 等级公路classified highway 等级道路clay-bound macadam 泥结碎石路面clearance 净空clearance above bridge floor 桥面净空clearce of span 桥下净空climatic zoning for

13、highway 公路自然区划climbing lane 爬坡车道cloverleaf interchange 苜蓿叶形立体穿插coal tar 煤沥青cobble stone 卵石coefficient of scouring 冲刷系数 cohesive soil 粘性土cold laid method 冷铺法cold mixing method 冷拌法cold-stretched steel bar 冷拉钢筋column pier 柱式墩bination-type road system 混合式道路系统paction 压实paction test 击实试验paction test appar

14、atus 击实仪pactmess test 压实度试验posite beam bridge 结合梁桥posite pipe line 综合管道(综合管廊)pound curve 复曲线concave vertical curve 凹形竖曲线concrete joint cleaner (水泥混凝土)路面清缝机 concrete joint sealer (水泥混凝土)路面填缝机concrete mixing plant 水泥混凝土(混合料)拌和设备concrete paver 水泥混凝土(混合料)摊铺机concrete pump 水泥混凝土(混合料)泵concrete saw (水泥混凝土)路

15、面锯缝机cone perantion test 触探试验onflict point 冲突点conical slope 锥坡consistency limit (of soil) (土的)稠度界限consolidated subsoil 加固地基consolidation 固结construction by swing 转体架桥法construction height of bridge 桥梁建筑高度construction joint 施工缝construction load 施工荷载 construction survey 施工测量continuous beam bridge 连续梁桥con

16、tourline 等高线contraction joint 缩缝control point 道路控制点converging 合流convex vertining wall 凸形竖曲线corduroy road 木排道counterfout retaining wall 扶壁式挡土墙counterfort abutmen 扶壁式桥台country road 乡村道路county road 县公路(县道)，乡道creep 徐变critical speed 临界速度cross roads 十字形穿插 cross slope 横坡cross walk 人行横道cross-sectional profi

17、le 横断面图cross-sectional survey 横断面测量crown 路拱crushed stone 碎石crushing strength 压碎值culture 地物culvert 涵洞curb 路缘石curb side strip 路侧带curve length 曲线长curve widening 平曲线加宽curved bridge 弯桥cut 挖方 cut corner for sight line (路口)截角cut-fill transition 土方调配cut-fill transition 土方调配图cutting 路堑cycle path 自行车道cycle tr

18、ack 自行车道deceleration lane 减速车道deck bridge 上承式桥deflection angle 偏角deflection test 弯沉试验degree of paction 压实度delay 延误density of road work 道路网密度edpth of tunnel 隧道埋深edsign elevation of subgrade 路基设计高程 design frequency (排水)设计重现期edsign hourly volume 设计小时交通量design of evevation (城市道路)竖向设计design of vertical a

19、lignment 纵断面设计design speed 计算行车速度(设计车速)design traffic capacity 设计通行才能design vehicle 设计车辆design water level 设计水位desiged dldvation 设计高程designed flood frequency 设计洪水频率deslicking treatment 防滑处理Deval abrasion testion machine 狄法尔磨耗试验机双筒式磨耗试验机diamond interchange 菱形立体穿插differential photo 微分法测图direction angl

20、e 方向角 directional interchange 定向式立体穿插diverging 分流dowel bar 传力杆drain opening 泄水口drainage by pumping station (立体穿插)泵站排水drainage ditch 排水沟dressed stone 料石drop water 跌水dry concrtet 干硬性混凝土ductility (of bitumen) (沥青)延度ductilometer (沥青)延度仪dummy joint 假缝dynamic consolidation 强夯法economic speed 经济车速econnomica

21、l hauling distance 土方调配经济运距 element support 构件支撑elevation 高程(标高)embankment 路堤emergency parking strip 紧急停车带emulsified bitumen 乳化沥青erecting by floating 浮运架桥法erection by longitudinal pulling method 纵向拖拉法erection by protrusion 悬臂拼装法erection with cableway 缆索吊装法evaporation pond 蒸发池expansion bearing 活动支座ex

22、pansive soil 膨胀土expantion joint 胀缝expressway (城市)快速路external destance 外 (矢)距 fabricated bridge 装配式桥fabricated steel bridge 装拆式钢桥factories and mines road 厂矿道路factory external transportation line 对外道路factory-in road 厂内道路factory-out road 厂外道路fast lane 内侧车道faulting of slab ends 错台feeder highway 支线公路ferr

23、y 渡口fibrous concrete 纤维混凝土field of viaion 视野fill 填方filled spandrel arch bridge 实腹拱桥final survey 开工测量 fineness 细度fineness modulus 细度模数fixed bearing 固定支座flare wing wall abutment 八字形桥台flared intersection 拓宽路口式穿插口flash 闪点flash point tester (open cup method) 闪点仪(开口杯式)flexible pavement 柔性路面flexible pier 柔

24、性墩floor system 桥面系flush curb 平缘石foot way 人行道ford 过水路面forest highway 林区公路forest road 林区道路 foundation 根底free style road system 自由式道路系统free way 高速公路free-flow speed 自由车速freeze road 冻板道路freezing and thawing test 冻融试验frost boiling 翻浆frozen soil 冻土full depth asphalt pavement 全厚式沥青(混凝土)路面function planting 功

25、能栽植general scour under bridge opening 桥下一般冲刷geological section (道路)地质剖面图geotextile 土工织物gradation 级配gradation of stone (路用)石料等级 grade change point 变坡点grade pensation 纵坡折减grade crossing 平面穿插grade length limitation 坡长限制grade of side slope 边坡坡度grade separation 简单立体穿插grade-separated junction 立体穿插graded a

26、ggregate pavement 级配路面brader 平地机grain position 颗粒组成granular material 粒料gravel 砾石gravity pier (abutment) 重力式墩、台gravity retaining wall 重力式挡土墙green belt 绿化带 gridiron road system 棋盘式道路系统ground control-point survey 地面控制点测量ground elevation 地面高程ground stereophotogrammetry 地面立体摄影测量guard post 标柱guard rail 护栏

27、guard wall 护墙gully 雨水口gutter 街沟(偏沟)gutter apron 平石gutter drainage 渠道排水 half-through bridge 中承式桥hard shoulder 硬路肩hardening 硬化hardness 硬度 haul road 运材道路heavy maintenance 大修hectometer stake 百米桩hedge 绿篱height of cut and fill at ceer stake 中桩填挖高度high strength bolt 高强螺栓high type pavement 高级路面highway 公路hig

28、hway landscape design 公路景观设计hill-side line 山坡线(山腰线)hilly terrain 重丘区horizontal alignment 平面线形horizontal curve 平曲线hot laid method 热铺法hot mixing method 热拌法 hot stability (of bitumen) (沥青)热稳性hydraulic putation 水力计算hydraulic putation 水硬性imaginary intersection point 虚交点immersed tunnelling method 沉埋法inbou

29、nd traffic 入境交通incremental launching method 顶推法industrial district road 工业区道路industrial solid waste (路用)工业废渣industrial waste base course 工业废渣基层inlet 雨水口inlet submerged culvert 半压力式涵洞inlet unsubmerged culvert 无压力式涵洞inorganic binder 无机结合料instrument station 测站 intensity of rainstorm 暴雨强度intercepting de

30、tch 截水沟interchange 互通式立体穿插interchange woth special bicycle track 分隔式立体穿插intermediate maintenance 中修intermediate type pavement 中级路面intersection (平面)穿插口intersection angle 穿插角，转角intersection entrance 穿插口进口intersection exit 穿插口出口intersection plan 穿插口平面图intersection point 交点intersection with widened corn

31、ers 加宽转角式穿插口jack-in method 顶入法kilometer stone 里程碑 land slide 坍方lane 车道lane-width 车道宽度lateral clear distance of curve (平曲线)横净距lay-by 紧急停车带level of service 道路效劳程度leveling course 整平层leveling survey 水准测量light-weight concrete 轻质混凝土lighting facilities of road 道路照明设施lime pile 石灰桩line development 展线linking-

32、up road 联络线，连接道路liquid asphaltic bitumen 液体沥青liquid limit 液限 living fence 绿篱load 荷载loading berm 反压护道lading binations 荷载组合loading plate 承载板lading platetest 承载板试验local scour near pier 桥墩部分冲刷local traffic 境内交通location of line 定线location survey 定测lock bolt support woth shotcrete 喷锚支护loess 黄土longitudinal

33、 beam 纵梁longitudinal gradient 纵坡longitudinal joint 纵缝 loop r 环形匝道Los Angeles abrasion testion machine 洛杉矶磨耗试验机machine (搁板式磨耗试验机)low rype pavement 低级路面main beam 主梁main bridge 主桥maintenance 养护maintenance period 大中修周期manhole 检查井marginal strip 路缘带marshall stability apparatus 马歇尔稳定度仪Marshall stability te

34、st 马歇尔试验masonry bridge 圬工桥maximum annual hourly volume 年最大小时交通量maximum dry unit weight (标准)最大干密度 maximum longitudinal gradient 最大纵坡mine tunnelling method 矿山法mineral aggregate 矿料mineral powder 矿粉mini-roundabout 微形环交minimum height of fill (路基)最小填土高度minimum longitudinal gradient 最小纵坡minimum radius of h

35、orizontal curve 最小平曲线半径minimum turning radius 汽车最小转弯半径mixed traffic 混合交通mixing method 拌和法mixture 混合料model split 交通方式划分modulus of elasticity 弹性模量modulus of resilience 回弹模量 modulus ratio 模量比monthly average daily traffic 月平均日交通量motor way 高速公路mountainous terrain 山岭区movable bridge 开启桥mud 淤泥multiple-leg i

36、ntersection 多岔穿插mational trunk highway 国家干线公路(国道)matural asphalt 天然沥青natural scour 自然演变冲刷natural subsoil 天然地基navigable water level 通航水位nearside lane 外侧车道-shaped cracking 路面网裂New Austrian Tunnelling Method 新奥法 observation point 测点one-way r 单向匝道open cut method 明挖法open cut tunnel 明洞open spandrel arch b

37、ridge 空腹拱桥opencast mine road 露天矿山道路operating speed 运行速度iptimum gradation 最正确级配iptimum moisture conter 最正确含水量optimum speed 临界速度organic binder 有机结合料origin-destination study 起迄点调查outbound traffic 出境交通outlet submerged culvert 压力式涵洞outlet inlet main road 城市出入干道 overall speed 区间速度overlay of pavement 罩面ove

38、rpass grade separation 上跨铁路立体穿插overtaking lane 超车车道overtaking sight distance 超车视距paper location 纸上定线paraffin content test 含蜡量试验parent soil 原状土parking lane 停车车道parking lot 停车场parking station 公交(车辆)停靠站part out-part fill subgrade 半填半挖式路基pass 垭口passing bay 错车道patrol maintenance 巡回养护 paved crosing 道口铺面pa

39、vement 路面pavement pression 路面沉陷pavement recapping 路面翻修pavement slab pumping 路面板唧泥pavement spalling 路面碎裂pavemengthening 路面补强pavement structure layer 路面构造层pavemill 路面铣削机(刨路机)peak hourly volume 顶峰小时交通量pedestrian overcrossing 人行天桥pedestrian underpass 人行地道peration macadam with coated chips 上拌下贯式(沥青)chips

40、 路面peration method 贯入法 peration test apparatus 长杆贯入仪peration (of bitumen) (沥青)针入度perometer (沥青)针入度仪periodical maintenance 定期养护permaf rost 多年冻土permanent load 永久荷载perviousness test 透水度试验petroleum asphaltic bitumen 石油沥青photo index 像片索引图(镶辑复照图)photo mosaic 像片镶嵌图photogrammetry 摄影测量photographic map 影像地图pi

41、er 桥墩pile and pland retaining wall 柱板式挡土墙pile bent pier 排架桩墩 pile driver 打桩机pipe culvert 管涵pipe drainage 管道排水pit test 坑探pitching method 铺砌法plain stage of slope 边坡平台plain terrain 平原区plan view (道路)平面图plane design (城市道路)平面设计plane sketch (道路)平面示意图planimetric photo 综合法测图plant mixing method 厂拌法plasticity

42、index 塑限plasticity index 塑性指数poissons ratio 泊松比 polished stone value 石料磨光值pontoon bridge 浮桥porosity 空隙率porotable pendulum tester 摆式仪possible traffic capacity 可能通行才能post-tensioning method 后张法pot holes 路面坑槽preliminary survey 初测preloading method 预压法prestressed concrete 预应力混凝土prestressed concrete bridge

43、 预应力混凝土桥prestresed steel bar drawing jack 张拉预应力钢筋千斤顶pretensioning method 先张法prime coat 透层productive arterial road 消费干线 productive branch road 消费支线pro 纵断面设计profilometer 路面平整度测定仪proportioning of cement concrete 水泥混凝土配合比protection forest fire-proof road 护林防火道路provincial trunk highway 省干线公路(省道)railroad

44、grade crossing (铁路)道口r 匝道rebound deflection 回弹弯沉reclaimed asphalt mixture 再生沥青混合料reclaimed bituminous pavement 再生沥青路面reconnaissance 踏勘red clay 红粘土reference stake 护桩referencion crack 反射裂缝 refuge island 平安岛regulating structure 调治构造物reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土reinforced concrete bridge 钢筋混凝土桥reinforced c

45、oncrete pavement 钢筋混凝土路面reinforced earth retaining wall 加筋土挡土墙relative moisture content (of soil) (土的)相对含水量relief road 辅道residential street 居住区道路resultant gradient 合成坡度retaining wall 挡土墙revelling of pavement 路面松散reverse curve 反向曲线reverse loop 回头曲线ridge crossing line 越岭线 ridge line 山脊线right bridge 正交

46、桥right bridge 正桥rigid frame bridge 刚构桥rigid pavement 刚性路面rigid-type base 刚性基层ring and radial road system 环形辐射式道路系统ripper 松土机riprap 抛石road 道路road alignment 道道路形road appearance 路容road eara per sitizen (城市)人均道路面积road area ratio (城市)道路面积率road axis 道路轴线 road bed 路床road bitumen 路用沥青road condition 路况road c

47、ondition survey 路况调查road crossing (平面)穿插口road crossing design 穿插口设计road engineering 道路工程road feasibility study (道路工程)可行性研究road improvement 改善工程road intersection 道路穿插(道路穿插)road mixing method 路拌法road word 道路网road work planning 道路网规划road planting 道路绿化road project (道路工程)方案图 road trough 路槽road way 路幅rock

48、 breaker 凿岩机rock filled gabion 石笼roller 压路机rolled cementoncerete 碾压式水泥混凝土rolling terrain 微丘区rotary interchage 环形立体穿插rotary intersection 环形穿插roundabout 环形穿插route development 展线rout of road 道路道路route selection 选线routine maintenance 小修保养rubble 片石 running speed 行驶速度rural road 郊区道路 saddle back 垭口safety b

49、elt 平安带safety fence 防护栅salty soil 盐渍土sand 砂sanddrain (sand pile) 砂井sand gravel 砂砾sand hazard 沙害sand mat of subgrade 排水砂垫层sand patch test 铺砂试验sand pile 砂桩sand protection facilities 防沙设施sand ratio 砂率 sand sweeping 回砂sand sweeping equipment 回砂机sandy soil 砂性土saturated soil 饱和土scraper 铲运机seal coat 封层seco

50、ndary trunk road (厂内)次干道，(城市)次干路seepage well 渗水井segregation 离析semi-rigid type base 半刚性基层separate facilties 分隔设施separator 分隔带sheep-foot roll 羊足压路机(羊足碾)shelter belt 护路林shield 盾构(盾构挖掘机) shield tunnelling method 盾构法shoulder 路肩shrinkage limit 缩限side ditch 边沟side slope 边坡side walk 人行道sieve analysis 筛分sigh

51、t distance 视距sight distance of intersection 路口视距sight line 视线sight triangle 视距三角形silty soil 粉性土simple supported beam bridge 简支梁桥singl direction thrusted pier 单向推力墩single-sizeaggregat 同粒径集料 siphon culvert 倒虹涵skew bridge 斜交桥skew bridge 斜桥skid road 集材道路slab bridge 板桥slab culvert 盖板涵slab staggerting 错位s

52、lide 滑坡slope protection 护坡slump 坍落度snow hazard 雪害snow plough 除雪机snow protection facilities 防雪设施soft ground 软弱地基soft soil 软土 softening point tester (ring ball) (沥青)软化点议仪method (环球法)softening point (of bitumen) 沥青软化点solubility (of bitumen) (沥青)溶解度space headway 车头间距space mean speed 空间平均速度span 跨径span by

53、 span method 挪动支架逐跨施工法spandrel arch 腹拱spandrel structure 拱上构造special vehicle 特种车辆speed-change lane 变速车道splitting test 劈裂试验spot speed 点速度spreading in layers 层铺法 springing 弹簧现象stabilizer 稳定土拌和机stabilized soil base course 稳定土基层stage for heating soil and broken rock 碎落台stagered junction 错位穿插stand axial

54、loading 标准轴截steel bridge 钢筋冷墩机steel bridge 钢桥steel exention machie 钢筋拉伸机stiffness modulus 劲度stone coating test 石料裹覆试验stone crusher 碎石机stone spreader 碎石撒布机stopping sight distance 停车视距stopping truck heap (厂矿道路)阻车堤 street 街道street draianage 街道排水street planting 街道绿化street trees 行道树strengthening layer 补强

55、层strengthening of structure 加固stringer 纵梁striping test for aggregate 集料剥落试验structural approach limit of tunnel 隧道建筑限界sub-high type pavement 次高级路面subgrade 路基subgrade drainage 路基排水submersible bridge 漫水桥subsidence 沉陷subsoil 地基 substructure 下部构造superelevation 超高superelevation runoff 超高缓和段superstructure

56、上部构造supported type abutment 支撑式桥台surface course 面层surface evenness 路面平整度surface frostheave 路面冻胀surface permeameter 路面透水度测定仪surface roughness 路面粗糙度surface slipperinness 路面滑溜surface water 地表水surface-curvature apparatus 路面曲率半径测定仪surrounding rock 围岩suspension bridge 悬索桥 swich-back curve 回头曲线Tintersectio

57、n 丁字形穿插(T 形穿插)T-shaped rigid frame bridge 形刚构桥tack coat 粘层tangent length 切线长tar 焦油沥青technical standard of road 道路技术标准Telford 锥形块石Telford base (锥形)块石基层terrace 台地thermal insulation berm 保温护道thermal insulation course 隔温层thirtieth highest annual hourly 年第 30 位最大小时volume 交通量through bridge 下承式桥 through tr

58、affic 过境交通tie bar 拉杆timber bridge 木桥time headway 车头时距time mean speed 时间平均速度toe of slope (边)坡脚tonguel and groove joint 企口缝top of slope (边)坡顶topographic featurc 地貌topographic map 地形图topographic survey 地形测量topography 地形township road 乡公路(乡道)traffic assignment 交通量分配traffic apacity 通行才能 traffic position 交

59、通组成traffic density 交通密度traffic distribution 交通分布traffic flow 交通流traffic generation 交通发生traffic island 交通岛traffic mirror 道路反光镜traffic planninng 道路交通规划traffic safety device 交通平安设施traffic square 交通广场traffic stream 车流traffic survey 交通调查traffic volume 交通量traffic volume obserbation station 交通量观测站traffic v

60、olume 交通量预测 traffic volume survey 交通量调查transition curve 缓和曲线transition slab at bridge head 桥头搭板transition zone of cross section 断面渐变段transition zone of curve widening 加宽缓和段transitional gradient 缓和坡段transverse beam 横梁transverse joint 横缝traverse 导线traverse sruvey 导线测量trencher 挖沟机triaxial test 三轴试验trip

61、 出行true joint 真缝trumpet interchange 喇叭形立体穿插 trunk highway 干线公路truss bridge 桁架桥tunnel (道路)隧道trnnel boring machine 隧道掘进机tunnel ling 衬砌tunnel portal 洞门tunnel support 隧道支撑turnaround loop 回车道，回车场turning point 转点two-way curved arch bridge 双曲拱桥two-way r 双向匝道type of dry and d soil base 土基干湿类型U-shaped abut ment U 形桥台under-groun