试论大学生心理健康教育的重点建立和谐宿舍关系中英文对照

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1、试论大学生心理健康教育的重点：建立和谐宿舍关系中英文对照Focus on College Students Mental Health Education : the establishment of a harmonious dormitory relations in Chinese and English.文章从宿舍关系对大学生心理健康的重要性出发，分析了和谐宿舍人际关系对大学生心理健康成长的重要作用及功能。随后，对当代大学生宿舍人际关系的一些常见问题进行了分析，并提出了应对的策略。This paper focuses on the importance of the mental he

2、alth of college students from the dormitory relations, analyzes the important role and function of harmonious dormitory interpersonal relationship of college students mental health. Then, some common problems of the contemporary college students dormitory interpersonal relationship are analyzed, and

3、 puts forward some corresponding strategies.关键词：大学生心理健康教育宿舍人际关系 Keywords: dormitory interpersonal relationship of College Students Psychological Health Education宿舍是大学生活的主要场所，大学生活的大部分时间都是在宿舍中度过的。据统计，大学生在宿舍中的活动时间除去睡眠，每天仍有5-7个小时在宿舍活动，如果加上睡眠时间，每天几乎有一半以上的时间是在宿舍度过的。可见宿舍人际间的相互作用既频繁又紧密，大大地增加了宿舍人际环境对大学生的影响。而

4、且，现阶段很多高校实行学分制，一个班的同学可以选择不同的课程，只需要按照教学要求完成足够的学分就可。学生选课以后同一班级的人很多时候并不在同一教室上课，而且每个学期选课不一样，一起上课的同学也总是经常变动。所以原来传统的班级概念也就越来越淡化了。而宿舍却不一样，宿舍里面的成员相对固定，在一起的时间也非常多，交流时间长且深，因此宿舍中的人际关系也就相应地成为大学生最重要的人际关系。而且根据发展心理学理论，处于大学生的年龄阶段时，同伴人际关系对他们的心理成熟成长有着非常重要的作用。所以研究宿舍人际关系对大学生心理健康的影响无疑具有重要的意义。 Dormitory is the main place

5、 of university life, university life most of the time is spent in the dormitory. According to statistics, activity time in the dormitory students to remove sleep, every day there are still 5-7 hours in the dormitory activities, if the sleep time, almost every day and more than half of the time is sp

6、ent in hostel. The dormitory interpersonal interaction is frequent and close, greatly increased the influence of environment on students dormitory interpersonal. But, at present many colleges and universities to implement the credit system, a class of students can choose a different course, only nee

7、d to complete enough credits in accordance with the requirements of teaching can be. After the students the same class many times people are not in the same class, and each semester are not the same, with the class students also frequently change. So the traditional class concept is also more and mo

8、re desalination. And according to the theory of developmental psychology, in the age of university students, peer interpersonal relationship plays a very important role in their psychological maturity. So . Research on dormitory interpersonal relationship is undoubtedly of great significance impact

9、on College Students psychological health.有研究者将宿舍关系划分为五种：“和谐型”、“弱和谐型”、“松散型”、“小群体型”以及“失控分裂型”。在这几种宏观的宿舍关系下，微观的成员关系分为：友好关系型、思想封闭型、孤立与孤独型、对立关系型四种。这些人际关系类型的不同，对大学生的心理影响显然也有好有贬。和谐的大学生宿舍人际关系可以让宿舍成员获得一种归宿感，可以更深刻地体会到自身的价值，从而激发人的积极性和创造性，促进大学生的心理成长。相反，宿舍关系不和谐，会让人感到压抑、焦虑、烦恼，从而阻碍了人的潜能的发挥，影响学生的学习与生活。因此，宿舍人际关系的好坏，不

10、仅直接影响到大学生的身心健康，而且还会直接影响到他们大学期间学习和工作的成败。总的来说，宿舍人际关系对大学生心理健康存在以下一些影响： Researchers will the dormitory relations can be divided into five types: harmony , weak harmony , loose, small size and runaway division type . In these types of macroscopic dormitory relations, relations between the members of the

11、micro is divided into: friendly relationship, thought of closed, isolated and lonely, confrontation between type four. The relationship of different types of college students, psychological effect is good down there. College students dormitory interpersonal harmony can let the dormitory members to o

12、btain a sense of belonging, can deeply realize the value of their own, so as to arouse peoples enthusiasm and creativity, promote the students psychological development. On the contrary, the dormitory relations not harmonious, can let a person feel depressive, anxiety, worry, thus impeding the human

13、 potential, affect the work and life of the students. Therefore, the interpersonal relationship is good or bad, not only directly affect the physical and mental health of college students, but also directly affect their learning during the University and the success or failure of the work. In genera

14、l, the interpersonal relationship has some influence on the mental health of College students:一、宿舍人际关系对大学生心理健康的积极作用 An active role, dormitory interpersonal relationship of college students mental health1“家”的功能 1 home function大学生从中学跨入大学，远离了能给予他们情感满足的父母、兄弟、姐妹，宿舍在一定程度上代替了以前的家。在宿舍里。他们能够得到一些像在“家”中的那种安宁与温

15、馨；当他们心情烦闷或者需要帮助时，能够得到舍友们像兄弟姐妹般的照顾与帮助；而且他们可以在自己宿舍的空间里展现真实的自我，因为宿舍有着像在“家”一样的安全感。 Students from high school into the University, from will give their emotional parents, brothers, sisters, dormitory instead of a home in a certain extent. In the dormitory. They can get some like in the home in the kind o

16、f peace and warmth; when they feel depressed or in need of help, can get the care and help roommates as sisters and brothers; and they can show the real in their dormitory space self, because the dormitory is like in the home . A sense of security.在宿舍里，由于时空上的临近性，成员之间最容易熟悉和接近，也相对更容易建立友谊，所以能够比其他任何人际关系

17、都有一种先天的优势，容易形成一种“家”的认同感、归属感。这种感觉能够起到补偿精神上的空虚、孤独与寂寞的作用，能够在很大程度上满足成员的归属与情感需要。 In the dormitory, due to the approaching of the members, most easily familiar and close, is relatively easier to establish friendship, so that more than any other relationships have an inherent advantage, easy to form a home

18、 in the sense of identity, sense of belonging. This feeling can compensate the spiritual emptiness, loneliness and lonely, to meet members of the attribution and emotional needs to a large extent.2社会化的作用 2 social role很多学生上大学前很少住校，与他人紧密地相处的经验较少。但是在大学宿舍中，人与人之间的接触非常紧密，然而大家又来自不同的地方，生活方式上的不同，习惯的不同，性格的不同，

19、都很容易让大学生们相互闻产生一些冲突和矛盾。所以，这些矛盾就需要宿舍成员慢慢学习，慢慢地磨合来解决，这种磨合与相互适应的过程是学生迈向社会重要的一步。如果人际关系和谐，这种冲突与矛盾能给他们提供了一个掌握社交技巧的绝好机会。 But in the university dormitory, the contact between people and people very close, but we also come from different places, the way of life is different, the different habits, different pe

20、rsonalities, are very easy to let the students smell each have some conflicts and contradictions. So, these conflicts requires the dormitory members learn slowly, slowly adjust to solve, this run-in with the process of mutual adaptation is an important step towards students society. If the harmoniou

21、s interpersonal relationship, the contradiction can provide a great opportunity to learn social skills to them.大学生由中学升入大学，他们很少接触社会。然而大学是一个社会与学校的分界点，大学毕业以后大部分学生需要直接走向社会。但是让一个对社会了解甚少的人在大学学习四年后直接进入社会显然有些突然而会产生诸多不适应感。因为在大学中，虽然有人称其为“小社会”，但是相对来说毕竟单纯了许多。一个人在四年大学生活中慢慢摸索面向社会的一些规则远远不够，但是宿舍能够提供了一个很好的相互交流和适应的平台

22、，一个宿舍几个人，他们在学习生活中会学到各自不同的东西，如果在宿舍里面进行分享，就能起到事半功倍的效果，让他们能更快地学会如何融入社会。如何适应社会等。 Students from middle school to university, they had little contact with society. However, University is the demarcation point of a society and school after graduating from University, most of the students need to go directl

23、y to the society. But let a little understanding of society in the university four years after directly into the society clearly some sudden and causes many uncomfortable. Because in the University, although called small society , but relatively simple many after all. A man in the four years of univ

24、ersity life slowly groping some rules for society is far from enough, but the dormitory to provide a mutual exchange and adaptation platform is very good, a dormitory of a few people, they will learn different things in life, if the share in the dormitory inside, will be able to play twice the resul

25、t with half the effort, so that they can quickly learn how to integrate into society. How to adapt to the society.3促进心理成熟 3 to promote the psychological maturity大学生正处于一个心理上的断乳期，他们由一个依赖父母处事型向独立处事型较变的过程。也就是由“未成年人”向成年人的一个转型。不管是在学习方式、生活方式、还是情感生活上来说，都与以前不同，面对的是自己生活尤其是心理上的独立。而在宿舍里，如果人际关系和谐，当他们感到困惑时，宿舍中的和谐

26、气氛会支持着他，让他有足够的安全感和精神支撑去完成自然调适的过程。所以宿舍氛围可以让他们很好的完成这次转型，由原先的对父母、老师的依赖转向独立、成熟，心理功能也能得以健康发展。 College students are in a psychological weaning period, they consisted of a dependent on their parents work to work independently with the process variable. It is composed of minor to a transformation of adults.

27、 Whether in the study way, way of life, or emotional life, are different from before, the face is their own lives especially psychological independence. But in the dormitory, if the harmonious interpersonal relationship, when they feel confused, harmonious atmosphere in the dormitory will support hi

28、m, let him have enough sense of security and spiritual support to complete the natural adjustment. So the dormitory atmosphere so that they can be very good to complete the transformation, by relying on the original parents, teacher to independent, mature, psychological function can also be healthy

29、development.二、当前大学生宿舍人际关系中存在的问题及原因 Two, the current problems and reasons existing in the dormitory interpersonal relationship of College Students虽然宿舍对大学生的心理健康成长有着非常重要的作用，但是宿舍人际关系问题却是困扰大学生健康成长的一个主要问题之一。这些问题有很多种，例如打扰了别人睡眠、打扰了别人学习、怀疑别人拿了自己东西、被人排挤等等，这些人际关系问题对大学生产生的影响是非常消极的，有的大学生不愿回宿舍，有些心情由此抑郁，有些表现具有强烈的攻

30、击性，最糟糕的甚至可能走向轻生或者发生恶性的报复事件等等。究其原因，这些问题主要源于以下几个方面： Although it has a very important role in the dormitory on the mental health of university students growth, but a major problem is that the healthy growth of college students dormitory interpersonal problems. Investigate its reason, these problems are

31、 mainly from following aspects:1自我为中心思想的存在 1 self - as the central idea of existence现在大多数学生是独生子女，家庭结构单一，多数人上了中学后又没有住校，没有与很多人共居一室交往的经验。而这种非常紧密的接触显然就会由此产生一些冲突。但是，面对这些冲突，许多学生都会有一种自我为中心的思想来看待或者处理。比如有些学生从小在家里是“小皇帝”，爸爸妈妈一直对自己百依百顺，要什么他们都会给什么，提什么要求他们都同意。但是到了大学后住进了集体宿舍就不一样了，在宿舍里，大家都是平等的，没有谁一定要迁就谁，相互交往应该是礼让三分

32、，诚以待人。但是如果以自我为中心比较严重的话，就会出现问题，如果要求别人都要依着你、顺着你，显然不现实，这种自我中心的思想是宿舍关系恶化的重要原因。Now most of the students are only children, family structure is single, the majority of people on the school after school and no, no contact with many people share a room experience. And this very close contact is obviously ca

33、used some conflict. However, in the face of these conflicts, many students will have a self-centered thought or processing. For example, some students at home are the Little Emperors , parents always to obey in every way, to what they have to do something, they all agree. But to the University in th

34、e dormitory is not the same, in the dormitory, everyone is equal, no one must accommodate who, mutual communication should be comity three points, sincere to others. But if self-centered is more serious, problems will occur, if others do as you, follow you, it is not practical, the ego thought is an

35、 important reason for the deterioration of relations between the dormitory.2自卑与自傲心理 2 psychological inferiority and pride现在的学生进入高校前，存在许多的差异，例如家庭背景，原先的学习成绩，交际组织能力等等，这些差异本可以让学生相互沟通，相互学习，从而相互得到促进与提高。但是如果把握不当，这种多文化、多差异的接触碰撞，往往也会导致学生出现一些负面心理问题，这其中主要的问题就是自卑和自傲心理。 Now the students into the University, ther

36、e are many differences, such as family background, the learning achievement, communication organization ability and so on, these differences could make students communicate with each other, mutual learning, mutual promotion and the enhancement to get. But if the improper, contact the differences, th

37、is culture, often cause students appear some negative psychological problems, the main problem is the low self-esteem and pride psychological.先说自卑心理。自卑心理主要来源于一种事事不如人的情绪体验，例如贫困家庭的学生，他们到了学校后，宿舍同学都有手机、电脑，穿着都是名牌，进出入高档消费场所等，如果心理没有较好地调控，就会产生失衡，从而引起自卑心理的产生，有些还会相应出现虚荣心理，攀比心理或者嫉妒心理等等。而那些条件较好的学生就可能相应产生自傲心理，当然

38、这种条件较好主要来源于自己的主观感受，有些学生有一种对自己的能力、条件、相貌等等感到非常自信，这种自信心态如果没有能调整好，也可能掉进另外一个极端，那就是自大与自傲，甚至形成自恋的人格。而且，这种自卑与自傲的心理很可能进一步会演化成嫉妒和虚荣等更加消极的情感。已有研究表明，这些消极的情感对大学生的成长都是非常不利的，这里不再赘述。 Say first inferiority. Inferiority mainly comes from a kind of everything as peoples emotional experience, for example, students from

39、 poor families, they come to school, dormitory students have mobile phone, computer, wearing is famous brand, the high-end consumer sites, if not better psychological adjustment, will produce imbalance, which caused the inferiority complex also, some corresponding vanity psychology, psychological tr

40、eatment or jealousy. and the conditions of good students may produce arrogant mentality, of course this conditions mainly comes from their own subjective feelings, some students have a kind of their own ability, condition, appearance and feel confident, the self-confident mind if not adjust good, ma

41、y also fall into the other extreme, that it is arrogance and pride, and even the formation of narcissistic personality. Moreover, the inferiority and self-confident psychology is likely to further evolve into envy and vanity more negative emotions. Research has shown, these negative emotions to univ

42、ersity students growth is very adverse, here no longer.3处理人际关系技巧的缺乏 Lack of interpersonal skills 3还有很大的一个问题，就是学生还不懂人际交往技巧a大学生们刚刚由一个依赖父母老师的中学生变为一个比较独立的大学生，在为人处事方面缺乏一些基本技巧，他们相处的时候更多是凭自己的感觉，遇到冲突矛盾时不能合理解决。例如很多同学感觉到“很想和舍友交流，但是我不知道该说什么”，“当舍友对我有误会，我不知道怎么处理”等等，都反映学生在人际关系方面还是存在很多不足的。所以，当有宿舍矛盾发生的时候，很多大学生都感到心有

43、余而力不足，想改变现状，促进宿舍关系融洽，却不知道从那里着手，最后使一些完全可以避免的矛盾和冲突变得更加恶化。 There is a big problem, is that students dont understand interpersonal skills of a students just by a dependence on parents and teachers of middle school students into a relatively independent college students, the lack of basic skills in deali

44、ng with people, they get more with his own feeling, can not solve the reasonable conflict contradiction. For example, many students feel like with my friends, but I dont know what to say , when the roommate have misunderstood me, I dont know how to deal with and so on, all reflect the students in in

45、terpersonal relationships, there are still a lot of problems. 三、营造和谐宿舍人际关系，促进大学生心理健康成长 Three, create a harmonious dormitory interpersonal relationship, promote college students mental health要发挥宿舍人际关系对大学生的积极影响，避免消极影响，就必须采取一定措施，增强宿舍凝聚力，让宿舍人际环境成为学生一个有力的社会支持系统。总的来说，这些措施可以归纳为以下几点： To play the positive in

46、fluence of dormitory interpersonal relationship of college students, to avoid the negative influence, must take certain measures to enhance cohesion, dormitory, let students dormitory interpersonal environment has become a powerful social support system. In general, these measures can be summarized

47、as follows:1_开展以宿舍为单位的活动，增强宿舍凝聚力 1_ development in the dormitory for the unit activities, enhance the cohesion of the dormitory大学生对宿舍的观念相对要强于班级的观念，所以要创造良好的宿舍文化。首先要增强宿舍凝聚力，通过以宿舍为单位开展各类丰富多彩、积极向上的宿舍文化活动，如：宿舍文化大赛、各类文娱体育比赛等，既让学生感到生活充实，又能增强相互之间的感情和团结协作意识。宿舍是大学生学习的场所、休憩的空间和交流的中心，学校应努力营造出一个良好的宿舍文化氛围，充分发挥文化育

48、人的作用，把学生宿舍办成文明、卫生、优雅、舒适的大学生之家，让学生对宿舍有一种认同感和归属感。事实证明：一个具有良好文化氛围的宿舍环境是产生良好宿舍人际关系的重要外界条件之一。 The concept of dormitory students relatively stronger than the class concept, so to create a good dormitory culture. The first is to strengthen the cohesion of the dormitory, dormitory for the units to carry out

49、 all kinds of rich and colorful, positive dormitory cultural activities, such as: Dormitory Culture Contest, all kinds of recreational sports competitions, not only to let students feel full of life, and enhance mutual friendship and cooperation consciousness. The hostel is college students learning

50、 places, open space and communication center, schools should strive to create a good atmosphere of dormitory culture, give full play to the role of cultural education, the students dormitory into civilization, health, elegant, comfortable home for college students, let the students have a sense of i

51、dentity and belonging to the dormitory. Facts prove that: a good cultural atmosphere of the dormitory environment is one of the important external conditions to produce good dormitory interpersonal relationship.2培养学生良好人格与积极情感 2 to develop good personality of students with positive emotion前面述及，影响宿舍人际

52、关系的原因之一是个人中心主义和自卑自傲等负面情绪。但是人总是有欲望的，个人中心主义的人容易将通过比较激发出来的“动力”散发到嫉妒、攀比、磨擦上，所以需要对他们进行一个人格心理的教育，正确评价自己，跳出自我的圈子，学会换位思考，努力让他们成为一个心胸开阔、思想成熟的人，从而可以把由于与他人比较产生差距而激发出的“动力”用到充实自己、提高自己上来。要让他们将视野放开阔一些，树立远大理想与抱负，“志当存高远”，培养一种以优秀者为榜样，通过自己的勤奋努力去赶上和超过别人的正常的心理。The reason and front, influence of dormitory interpersonal r

53、elationship is individualism and self confident and other negative emotions. But people always have the desire, individualism people easily by comparing the inspired by the dynamic distributed to jealousy, competition, friction, so the need for a personal psychology of their education, the correct e

54、valuation of their own, jumping out of myself, learn empathy, try to let them become an open-minded, mature person, which can be due to compare with others for the gap and inspired by the power to enrich themselves, improve themselves up. Let them will view open wider, establish lofty ideals and asp

55、irations, Chi when the deposit lofty , cultivate a good example, try hard to catch up with and surpass the others normal mental through their own hard work.3让学生学会更多人际交往技巧 3 let the students learn more interpersonal skills首先应该让学生懂得换位思考。换位思考是指将自己设想为对方角色，设身处地地为他人着想，站在他人的角度看待和处理问题。心理上的角色互换是消除猜疑、嫉妒心理的最好方

56、法。大学生宿舍成员之间种种心理障碍的产生，实际上多半原因是因为别人没有满足自己的需要，或觉得别人需要的满足超过了自己而引起的。这种心理反应，往往是以自我为中心，带有很大的主观片面因素。如果能与别人进行心理互换，将自己置于对方角度，处处为他人着想，那么宿舍成员之间的各种偏见和误解都会因此而“烟消云散”。 We should let the students know transposition thinking. Empathy refers to put myself in the shoes of the other characters, place oneself in others p

57、osition for the sake of others, standing on the perspective of others and to deal with the problem. Psychological role reversal is to eliminate the suspicion, the best method of jealousy. Between the students dormitory members of various mental disorders, actually because others did not meet your ne

58、eds, or feel that others need to meet more than his due. If can interchange with others, put themselves in each other, everywhere for the sake of others, then all kinds of prejudice and misunderstanding between dormitory members will therefore disappear in smoke .同时要培养学生的互助和互容技巧。当一个人遇到坎坷、碰到困难、遭到失败时，

59、往往对人情世故最为敏感，最需要友谊和帮助。这时，哪怕是一个笑脸，一个体贴的眼神，也会使他人感到温暖，感到安慰，受到鼓舞。宿舍成员之间互相帮助对于建立起良好的宿舍人际关系具有重要的作用。也要有心理互容的心态，即是要相互多看对方的优点和长处，多肯定他人，少求全责备，从而和睦共处、相互尊重、相互信任、相互支持和相互理解。认识到“人无完人。金无足赤”，大家就会正确认识和对待彼此的优点和不足，消除自己心理上的障碍，博采众长，丰富提高自己。 At the same time to cultivate students cooperation and interaction techniques. When

60、 a person encounters difficulties, frustrations, failures, are most sensitive to the traditional code of conduct, and most in need of friendship and help. At this time, even if it is a smiling face, a thoughtful look, also can make others feel warm, comfort, encouraged. The dormitory members help ea

61、ch other plays an important role in establishing the good dormitory interpersonal relationship. Also must have the psychological interaction of mind, is to look at each others advantages and strengths of others, more positive, less demand perfection, and harmonious coexistence, mutual respect, mutua

62、l trust, mutual support and mutual understanding. Recognize that no one is perfect. None is perfect , we can correctly understand and treat each others advantages and disadvantages, the elimination of their own psychological barriers, learn widely from others strong points, enrich and improve their.

63、总的来说，和谐宿舍人际关系是大学生心理健康教育的重点，宿舍在大学生心目中有远高于学院或者班级的地位，所以，如果能够抓好宿舍关系这个环节，那么整个学校的心理健康教育与咨询工作将能够事半功倍。因为良好的宿舍关系可以给很多有心理问题的学生提供一个相当强大的心理支持系统，让学生在受到挫折、感受到压力或者心情郁闷的时候有个支撑点，能帮助学生摆脱各种困挠，走向积极。In general, a harmonious dormitory interpersonal relationship is the focus of psychological health education of college st

64、udents, dormitory is far higher than the school or class position, in the minds of college students so, if we can grasp the part of the dormitory relations, then the mental health education and consultation will be able to get the whole school. Because the dormitory relations good can provide a very powerful psychological support system for a lot of students with mental problems, let students at a time when setbacks, feel pressure or depressed mood have a supporting point, can help students get rid of all the troubles, toward a positive.