人教版新目标初中八下Unit6Howlonghaveyoubeencollectingshells知识整理2

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1、人教版（新目标）初中八下Unit 6 How long have you been collecting shells知识整理重要词汇解析1. store v.贮藏；贮备；储存例：I stored all the apples from our trees.我把树上收的苹果都存放起来了。2. common adj.共同的；常见的；普通的例：Snow is common in cold countries.在寒冷的国家雪是常见的。【拓展】 common的比较级是more common,最高级是most common。3.be interested in 对感兴趣例： Im interested

2、in collecting stamps.我对集邮很感兴趣。【拓展】 interested与interesting都是形容词,但interested是过去分词作形容词,含有被动的意味,表示因为某事而感到有趣,主语通常是人。如：Lily is interested in modern music.丽丽对现代音乐感兴趣。interesting是现在分词作形容词,含有主动的意味,表示某事引起或使得他人感到有趣,主语通常是物。如：The story is very interesting.这个故事很有趣。4.more than比多例： I have more than 2000 yuan in the

3、 bank.银行中还有两千多块钱。 5. thousand n.一千例：There are thousands of people on the square.在广场上有成千上万的人。【拓展】 thousand是数量单位,类似的还有hundred,million,billion。1)当表示具体数目时,仅在前面加相应的数词,thousand等本身不加s。如：two billion 二十亿;three million三百万;five thousand五千;eight hundred八百2)当表示概数时,thousand本身加s,后面再加上of。如：billions of数十亿;millions o

4、f数百万的;thousands of数千个;hundreds of数百个6. quite adv. 相当；十分例： I was quite busy last week.我上星期相当忙。【辨析】 quite和very二者都是修饰性副词。quite既可以表示充分肯定,意为“完全,十分”,也可以表示程度,意为“相当”,可修饰动词、形容词、副词、分词,在修饰名词时,冠词a放在quite之后;very只是一个程度副词,仅能修饰形容词和副词。例如:Its quite a beautiful stamp.那是一张相当漂亮的邮票。Hes a very clever boy.他是一个非常聪明的男孩。7. mi

5、ss v.想念；思念例： Im sure that everybody will miss him very much.我相信每个人都会怀念他。【拓展】 miss 作动词,常有以下两种意思:1)未击中,未得到,错过:【反】catch抓住如:He threw the ball to me,but I missed it and it landed on the ground.他把球扔给我,但我没接住,球落在了地上。I was late because I missed the bus.我迟到了,因为我误了公共汽车。2)怀念,发现东西遗失了如:When did you miss your pen?

6、你什么时候发现钢笔丢了?重点句型汇总1How long have you been collecting coins?你收集硬币有多久了？2I have been collecting coins for five years. 我收集硬币有五年了。3I have been collecting since I was a primary school student.我从上小学就开始收集了。4I have been collecting for five years. 我已经收集了有五年时间了。5How long did she surf the internet?她上网有多久了？6She

7、surfed the internet for two years. 她上网有两年的时间了。7When did you get your first pair of skates?你什么时候得到你的第一双溜冰鞋？8I got my first pair of skates last year. 我去年得到我的第一双溜冰鞋。9Id like to collect stamps because they are interesting. 我喜欢集邮，因为邮票很有趣。10If anyong else collects them, please let me know. 如果其他人也收藏，请让我知道。

8、交际用语 1. How long have you been skating? Ive been skating since nine oclock. Ive been skating for five hours. 2. How long did you skate? I skated for two hours. 3. When did you start skating? At nine oclock. 4. What sport do you play? Tennis. 5. Whats the most common / interesting / unusual hobby? 6.

9、 Whats your hobby? 重要语法 现在完成进行时【课文讲解】1.How long have you been skating? 你滑多长时间了?I have been skating for five hours. 我已经滑了五个小时。1)这是一个现在完成进行时的句子,现在完成进行时通常要和表示一段的时间连用,表示在这段时间内该动作一直在进行。其构成为“have/has been+v.-ing+表时间段的状语”。注意:如果对“段时间”提问,疑问词用how long。2)for five hours“五个小时”,介词for后跟时间段,另外,since短语也和现在完成进行时连用。si

10、nce后面跟时间点。for five hours=since five hours ago。2.Alison was the first one to start, and has been skating for the whole five hours.艾莉森是第一个开始滑的,并且已滑了足足5个小时。1)the first.to do sth.表示“第一个做某事的”。句中不定式短语to do sth.作后置定语,修饰前面的one。2）the whole five hours 意为“整整五小时”，注意whole前要加定冠词the。如:the whole afternoon一整下午the wh

11、ole school 整个学校3.My mom says I have to stop, because weve run out of room to store them.我妈妈说我必须停止收集它们,因为我们已经用光了存放它们的地方。1)这是一个复合句,because引导原因状语从句,I have to stop为宾语从句。2)have to为情态动词,它有人称和数的变化,过去式为had to。3)run out of 为固定词组,意为“用完,用光”。4.I didnt finish writing my test because I ran out of time.我考试没写完,因为我把

12、时间用完了。1)本句是because引导的原因状语从句的复合句。2)finish后面如果跟动词用它的动名词形式。后面跟动名词的动词还有enjoy, practice, keep, mind等。如:Do you enjoy listening to such music?你喜欢听这种音乐吗?5.In fact, the first Jews probably came to Kaifeng more than a thousand years old and were welcomed by the Song Emperor.事实上,第一批犹太人很可能一千多年前就来到了开封,他们受到了宋朝皇帝的

13、欢迎。1)本句是简单句,and连接两个谓语,即came to Kaifeng和were welcomed。2)more than=over,意思是“多于,超过”,反义词组是less than(少于,不足)。6.For a foreigner like me, the more I learn about Chinese history, the more I enjoy living in China.对像我一样的外国人来说,了解中国历史越多,就越喜欢在中国生活。1)“the+比较级,the+比较级”表示“越,越”,是一个常用句型。The more you learn, the happier

14、 you feel.你学得越多,就会越高兴。2)enjoy是及物动词,后面跟名词、代词或动名词表示“喜欢、欣赏、享受”等,也可跟反身代词,意为“玩得高兴”。7.Although I live quite far from Beijing, I am certain I will be here for the Olympic Games in 2008!尽管我住的离北京很远,但我确信,我一定会来这里看2008年奥运会的!1)本句是由although引导的让步状语从句。although意思相当于though(尽管,虽然),它所引导的从句不能与并列连词but, and, so等连用,但可以和yet

15、, still等词连用。2)far from意为“远离(远远不)”。3)“Im certain(that)+从句”为固定句型,意为“我确信”。【语法详解】现在完成进行时概念及构成:现在完成进行时表示从过去开始一直持续到现在的动作,而且还要继续下去。其结构为“助动词have/has been+v-ing”。现在完成进行时的句子中多用延续性动词,如live, learn, study, work等，常与for two hours, since 1998,all this morning, these few days等表示一段时间的状语连用。如:I have been cleaning the r

16、oom all this morning.我今天一上午都在打扫房间。Ive been studying English since I was 4 years old.自从4岁起我就一直学英语。现在完成进行时的句型:(1)肯定句:主语+have/has been+v-ing+其他。如:I have been learning English for ten years.我学英语已经十年了。I have been collecting stamps since I was ten years old.我从十岁起就一直在集邮。(2)否定句:主语+have/has+not+been+v-ing+其他

17、。如:I havent been seeing films for a long time.我有很长时间没有看电影了。I havent been doing my homework since eight oclock.从8点钟我就一直没做作业。(3)一般疑问句:Have/Has+主语+been+v-ing+其他?其肯定回答为:Yes,主语+have/has.否定回答为:No,主语+havent/hasnt.如:Have you been doing your homework since this morning?从今天早晨起你就一直在写作业吧?Yes, I have.是的。Has he b

18、een writing the letters to his friend?他一直在给他的朋友写信吗?No, he hasnt.不是的。(4)特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+一般疑问句?如:How long has it been raining?雨下多久了?What book have you been reading recently?最近你在看什么书?现在完成进行时与现在完成时的区别:(1)现在完成时强调动作的完成,而现在完成进行时侧重的是动作的持续进行。如:I have read a book about birds.（已经读完） I have been reading a book abou

19、t birds.（一直都在读,现在还在读,还会继续读下去） (2)两种时态都有延续性,但现在完成时往往只说明一个事实,一种影响或结果,无感情色彩；现在完成进行时表示一个动作的延续、重复,有时有一定的感情色彩。如:She has been singing all the day.她都唱了一整天了。（抱怨、厌烦）【中考连线】1 .Have you seen my toy car,Bill?Its my way,so I put it _.A.in;away B.on;out C.in;out D.by;away答案:A 本题考查词组的区别。(1)in the way的意思是“挡路”,on the

20、way的意思是“在路上”,by the way的意思是“顺便”。(2) put away的意思是“把收起来”,put out的意思是“熄灭”。句子的意思是“它挡住了路,因此我把它收起来了”,故选A。2._ of people work in the factory.But only two _ of them are from Zhejiang Province.A.Thousands;hundreds B.Thousands;hundredC.Thousand;hundreds D.Thousand;hundred答案:B本题考查的是数词的用法。句中因为有of,所以用词组thousands

21、of,two hundred “二百个学生”是一个具体数字,hundred后面不能加s。3 .Thanks _ the Great Green Wall,the land produces more crops.A.by B.of C.for D.to答案:D 此题考查thanks to和thanks for的区别,thanks to“多亏,由于”;thanks for“为而感谢”。没有A和B这两种形式。句子的意思是“多亏了绿色长城,土地才产出了更多的庄稼”,故选D。4.Can I help you?Id like _ for my twin daughters.A.two pair of s

22、hoes B.two pairs of shoe C.two pair of shoe D.two pairs of shoes答案:D 对pair用法的考查。由题意可知是给两个女儿的鞋,应该是两双。同步测试题.单项选择(15分)16. He prefers _rather than _the train.A. walk; take B. to walk; to take C. to walk; take D. walk; to take17. We have _many difficulties these years.A. gone over B. gone on C. gone out

23、D. gone through18. Peter_ his best friend in the street yesterday.A. ran after B. ran away C. ran out D. ran across19. Saturday morning, an earthquake killed 13 people _Jiangxi Province.A. On; in B. On; at C. In; at D. In; in20. Tina told me the _story.A. all B. one C. whole D. both21. We are here t

24、o _funds for the charity.A. raise B. rise C. get D. want22. When I got up this morning, it_ .A. is raining B. rains C. rained D. was raining23. There _another English evening next Sunday.A. are going to be B. was going to be C. is going to be D. were going to be24. Do you know what _this time yester

25、day?A. they are doing B. were they doing C. they were doing D. are they doing25. My brother _to New York twice.A. has gone B. has been C. went D. goes26._ have you been skiing?Half a year.A. How long B. How often C. How far D. When27. Mother has _for two days.A. left B. arrived C. been D. been away2

26、8. He _for three hours, and hes still watching now.A. has been B. watched C. has been watching D. is watching29. When I got to the station, the train _left _.A. has; already B. had; already C. has; yet D. had; yet30. Hello, everybody! You are taking the important exam now. Dont be nervous. It is not

27、 as difficult as you imagine. I am sure you all will succeed. Please answer every question with great care. You know _you are, _mistakes youll make.A. the careful; the few B. the more careful; the lessC. careful; few D. the more careful; the fewer.完形填空(15分)In our country every school has a library.

28、Im 31 you have read many books. You borrow them from the school library and keep them for 32 .Maybe you 33 get books from your parents or friends 34 .If you like reading and want 35 ,you may often go to bookshops and buy some yourself.Have you 36 thought of how people make a book? Different people m

29、ust check it several times 37 it comes out. After 38 finishes reading a book, the book passes through the hands of many other people. Everyone in the factory, has to work very carefully because 39 must not be any mistake in it. Many people are busy 40 it. They print it on good paper and put the piec

30、es together before it goes to the bookshop.We all like reading. Lets take good care of books.31. A. sorry B. sure C. thinking D. saying32. A. some time B. some times C. sometime D. sometimes33. A. too B. also C. either D. neither34. A. for a present B. as a present C. for presents D. as presents35.

31、A. learning many more B. to learn many moreC. learning more D. to learn more36. A. just B. already C. ever D. even37. A. though B. since C. before D. after38. A. someone B. anyone C. everyone D. no one39. A. that B. this C. it D. there40. A. working on B. to work on C. going on D. to go on.阅读理解(10分)

32、APerhaps you have heard a lot about the Internet, but what is it? The Internet is a network. It uses the telephone to join millions of computers together around the world.Maybe that doesnt sound very interesting. But when youre joined to the Internet, there are lots of things you can do. You can sen

33、d e-mails to your friends without any money, and they can get them in a few seconds without any money. You can also do with all kinds of information on the World Wide Web (WWW).There are many different kinds of computers now. They all can be joined to the Internet. Most of them are small machines si

34、tting on peoples desks at home, but there are still many others in school offices or large companies(公司).These computers are owned by people or companies, but no one really owns the Internet itself.There are lots of places for you to go into the Internet. For example, your school may have the intern

35、et. You can use it during lessons or free time. Libraries often have computers joined to the Internet. You are welcome to use it at that place.Thanks to the Internet, the world is becoming smaller and smaller. It is possible for you to work at home with a computer in front, getting and sending the i

36、nformation you need. You can buy or sell whatever you want by the Internet. But do you know 98% of the information of the Internet is in English? So what will English be like tomorrow?41. What is the passage mainly about?A. Internet. B. Information. C. Computers D. E-mails.42. Which is the cheapest

37、and quickest way to send messages to your friends?A. By post. B. By Internet. C. By telephone. D. By satellite.43. Which may be the most possible place for people to work in the future?A. In the office. B. At school. C. At home. D. In the company.44. Whos the owner of the Internet?A. The headmaster.

38、 B. The officer. C. The user. D. No one.45. What does the writer try to tell us with the last two sentences?A. English is important in using the Internet.B. The Internet is more and more popular.C. Most of the information is in English.D. Every computer must have the Internet.BSome people have very

39、good memories，and can easily learn quite a long poem by heart. There are other people who can only remember things when they have said them again and again. The famous English writer，Charles Dickens，said that he could walk down any streets in London and then tell you the name of every shop he had pa

40、ssed. Many of the great men of the world have had wonderful memories.A good memory is of great help in learning a language. Everybody learns his own language by remembering what he learns when he is a small child. Some children like boys and girls dont live in their own country，and they seem to lear

41、n two languages almost as easily as one. In school，it is not so easy to learn a foreign language because students have so little time for it and they are busy with other lessons，too.A mans mind is rather like a camera，but it takes photos not only of what we see but also of what we feel，hear，smell an

42、d taste. When we take a real photo with a camera，there is much to do before the photo is finished and ready to show to our friends. In the same way，there is much work to be done before we can keep a picture for ever in our minds.Memory is the diary we all carry about with us.46. Some people are good

43、 at _.A. learning long poems B. remembering things C. taking photos D. keeping a diary47. Other people can only remember things by _.A. saying again and again B. hearing，smelling and tastingC. learning a foreign languageD. keeping a picture48. Charles Dickens _.A. didnt live in his own country B. ha

44、d a very poor memoryC. spoke two foreign languages as easily as EnglishD. had a very good memory49. A good memory helps you_.A. keep a picture for everB. tell others the name of every shop in LondonC. learn a languageD. hear，smell and taste50. Remember things is rather like _.A. learning poemsB. tak

45、ing photosC. learning EnglishD. feeling things第卷（笔答题，共四个大题，满分45分）.A. 根据句意及英文释义用相应的单词填空。(5分)1. They _ (collect money together) 500 dollars to help that poor family last month.2. I like all the paintings here, but this one is _ (especially) good.3. We share a_ (shared by two or more people) goal: We b

46、oth want to go into that university.4.Is New York the _ (a city which is the center of government of a country) of the USA?No, Washington D. C. is.5. They cant speak Chinese at all. They are both_ (a person who comes from another country).B. 综合填空(10分)Climbing a mountain is hard work. But one step af

47、ter another finally brings a person to the (1)t . Along the way he can stop and look (2)a .And the (3)h he climbs the more wonderful his view(视野) is. If he keeps climbing he will have a new world before him. He will have a new way of (4)s everything.Now learning a (5)l is something like climbing a m

48、ountain. This new language can give you a new view of life. And it is more than a look at the surface(表面) of things. It can open the way into peoples minds and hearts into a culture(文化) very (6)d from the one of your own. This will make you richer, traveling in things (7)t money cant buy.Like the mo

49、untain climber who stops now and then to (8)e the scenery around him, everyone who is interested (9)i reading will find (10)f in books as he fights on to learn more and more of that new language.补全对话(10分)A: 1 ?B: I have been skating since 4 hours ago.A: 2 ?B: I began to skate when I was seven years

50、old.A: 3 ?B: I got my first pair of skates when I was seven years old.A: 4 ?B: No, I skated in a marathon last year.A: 5 ?B: Yes, I skate every day.根据所给汉语提示，补全下列英文句子，每空一词(10分)1.集邮是最常见的爱好。_ _is_ _ _ hobby.2.会议已经持续了数小时。The meeting has _ _for_ hours.3.不要把这个秘密告诉其他的任何人。Dont tell the secret to _ _.4.实际上，我

51、对这个话题不感兴趣。_ _, Im not_ _ this _.5.顺便问一下，你想念你的家人吗？_ _ _, do you_ your _?.写作(10分)你有集邮（collect stamps）的爱好吗？请谈谈你集邮的历史。如果没有，也可以谈谈你别的爱好，以此为内容用英语写一篇60词左右的短文。_答案：.单项选择16.答案：C prefer to.rather than.前后的结构要一致，后加动词原形。17. 答案：D go over意为“复习”，go on意为“继续”，go out意为“出去”。go through意为“经受”。根据题意，应用go through。18.答案：D run

52、across 意为“偶遇”；run after意为“跟在后面追赶”；run away意为“逃跑”；run out意为“用尽”。结合题意，此处应是偶遇。19.答案：A 在具体某一天早上用介词on;在大地点前要加介词in。20. 答案：C 如要选B项，则不用the。要选D项，则story 应用复数。 要用all则应为“all the story”。21. 答案：A “为筹钱”用raise funds/money for。22. 答案：D 前面一个动作发生的时候，另一个动作正在进行。整体时态是过去时，所以后面用过去进行时。23.答案：C 从next Sunday可知应用一般将来时。后面名词是单数，所

53、以用is going to的结构。24. 答案：C 要填的内容为know的宾语，为宾语从句。从句应用陈述句的语序。25. 答案：B 曾经去过某地已经回来了用have been to结构。26答案：A 由答语“Half a year”一段时间可知应用How long提问。27. 答案：D for two days表示一段时间，动词要用可延续性的动词，been away可以表示持续的状态。28. 答案：C 表达动作从过去开始到现在并可能继续下去，用现在完成进行时态。29. 答案：B when引导的时间状语从句谓语动词是一般过去时，主句谓语动词完成于从句之前，故只能用过去完成时，先排除A、C两项。a

54、lready常用在肯定句中，yet是副词，用于疑问句和否定句中。30. 答案：D 此题考查“the+比较级+句子，the+比较级+句子”结构。.完形填空31.答案：B 由上句可知：我们国家每个学校都有图书馆，所以我确信你已经读过很多书。故判断应选sure，表示“肯定；确定”。32.答案：A 该句意为“你从图书馆借书并且可以保存一段时间”。表示“一段时间”用some time；而some times意为“几次”；sometime意为“某个时候”；sometimes意为“有时”，均不符合句意。33.答案：B 从上下文可以判断该句句意为：“你也可以从父母或朋友那里得到书。”A、B、C三项均表示“也”

55、，但是too用于肯定句句末，either用于否定句中，neither表示“(两者都)不”，均可以排除；also用于肯定句中，表示“也”。故答案选B项。34.答案：D 从语境来判断空白处应为“作为礼物”之意。表示“作为”应选as，且句中books是复数，故应选D项。35.答案：D 表示“想干某事”应选用want to do sth.，故应排除A、C两项；想学到的是知识，知识又是不可数名词，故排除了B项。36.答案：C 该句句意为“你曾经想过人们是如何做书的吗?”表示“曾经”用于现在完成时态中，应选用ever。37.答案：C 该句意为“在一本书出版之前，不同的人必须检查好几遍”。表示“在之前”用b

56、efore。38.答案：A 根据上下文可知，该空白处表示“某人”；anyone及no one用于否定句和疑问句中。everyone表示“每个人”，不符合语境。故答案选someone。39.答案：D 该句句意为“工厂中的每一个工人都必须认真地工作，里面一定不能有任何错误”。表示“有”用there be句型。there must not be表示“一定不要有”。40.答案：A be busy doing sth.意为“忙于做某事”，是固定搭配，故可以排除B、D两项；表示“从事；致力于”用work on，故又排除了D项。.阅读理解A41.答案：A 阅读整篇短文，我们可以了解本文是就因特网进行了详细的

57、说明。尤其文章一开始“What is it? The internet is a network”就表明本文是讲Internet。42.答案：B 由短文第二段第三句话可知发电子邮件是最快最省钱的方法。43.答案：C 由短文最后一段第二句话可知将来你有可能在家里工作。44.答案：D 由短文第三段最后一句话“.but no one really owns the Internet itself”可知无论是谁都不可能真正拥有因特网本身。45.答案：A 由短文最后一段倒数第二句话可知作者是想强调英语在使用因特网方面的重要性。B46.答案：B 整篇文章都是在讲好的记忆是擅长“记住某事”。虽然A选项在文章

58、也有涉及，但毕竟只是作为一个例子而已。47.答案：A 由第一段的第二句可知答案。48.答案：D 文章举了“Charles Dickens”的例子，就是为了说明他的“记忆力强”。49.答案：C 由第二段的第一句可知“记忆力好对学语言有帮助”。50.答案：B 由倒数第二段“A mans mind is rather like a camera”可知“好记忆就像照相似的”。第卷（笔答题 ）.A. 根据句意及英文释义用相应的单词填空。 1.raised 2.particulary mon 4.capital 5.foreignersB. 综合填空 1.top 2.around 3.higher 4.s

59、olving 5.language 6. different 7.that 8.enjoy9.in 10.funny.补全对话1.How long have you been skating2.When did you begin to skate3.When did you get your first pair of skates4.Is this your first time to skate in a marathon5.Do you skate every day.根据所给汉语提示，补全下列英文句子，每空一词1.Collecting stamps; the most common2.been going; several3.anyone else 4.In fact; interested in, topic 5.By the way; miss; family.写作I like t