汉英翻译之句法篇.ppt

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1、Chinese-EnglishTranslation,Unit2Syntax,Lecturer:QiaonanDengPersonalblog:,2.1PrepositionalPhrase2.1.1化为从句,E.g.1未经审批机关批准，合同中不得含有限制受方利用引进技术生产的产品出口的条款。E.g.2技术服务合同是指供方利用其技术为受方提供服务或咨询以达到特定目标的合同。,E.g.1未经审批机关批准，合同中不得含有限制受方利用引进技术生产的产品出口的条款。,Noprovisionsofrestrictionsonexportationofproductsmanufacturedbythere

2、cipientwiththeimportedtechnologymaybeincludedinthecontractwithouttheapprovalofthecompetentauthority.,Unlessapprovalhasbeenobtainedfromtheexaminingandapprovingorgan,acontractshallnotincludeprovisionsrestrictingtherecipientfromusingtheimportedtechnologytomanufactureproductsforexport.,E.g.2技术服务合同是指供方利用

3、其技术为受方提供服务或咨询以达到特定目标的合同。,Contractsfortechnicalservicesrefertothoseforprovidingservicesorconsultationstotherecipientbythesupplierwithhistechnologyforachievingaspecificgoal.,Thistypeofcontract(atechnicalservicecontract)referstoacontractwherebythesupplierusescertaintechnologytoprovideserviceorconsultan

4、cytotherecipientinordertoachieveaspecifictarget.,2.1.2后置转前置,E.g.3要使大多数国有大中型亏损企业摆脱困境。E.g.4此类投资应按照国家有关外商投资企业的法律和规定办理。,E.g.3要使大多数国有大中型亏损企业摆脱困境。,Weshouldhaveextricatedmostofthelargeandmedium-sizedState-ownedenterprisesoperatingatalossfromtheirpredicament.,Weshouldhaveextricatedmostunprofitablelargeandme

5、dium-sizedState-ownedenterprisesfromtheirpredicament.,E.g.4此类投资应按照国家有关外商投资企业的法律和规定办理。,ThiswillbedealtwithinaccordancewiththerelevantlawsandregulationsoftheStateforforeigninvestmententerprises.,ItshallbehandledinaccordancewithStatelawsandregulationsonforeigninvestmententerprises.,2.1.3改用具体词修饰远处词汇,E.g

6、.5垃圾接受单位应按照环境保护行政主管部门有关危险废物管理规定，将船舶垃圾运往指定的处理场所进行处置。E.g.6对在两年内出现三次违规行为的企业，暂停其6个月单项商品或单项业务的对外贸易经营许可证。,E.g.5垃圾接受单位应按照环境保护行政主管部门有关危险废物管理规定，将船舶垃圾运往指定的处理场所进行处置。,Agarbagecollectingunitshallsendthevesselgarbagetothedesignatedplacefortreatmentinaccordancewiththestipulationsonthemanagementofhazardoussubstance

7、sbythecompetentdepartmentofenvironmentalprotection.,Agarbagecollectingunitshallsendthevesselgarbagetothedesignatedplacefortreatmentinaccordancewiththestipulationsonthemanagementofhazardoussubstancesasformulatedbythecompetentdepartmentofenvironmentalprotection.,E.g.6对在两年内出现三次违规行为的企业，暂停其6个月单项商品或单项业务的对

8、外贸易经营许可证。,Asix-monthsuspensionoftheforeigntradelicenseforonesinglecommodityoronesinglebusinessitemforthreeviolationsintwoyears.,Asix-monthsuspensionoftheforeigntradelicenseforonesinglecommodityoronesinglebusinessitemimposedonthreeviolationsintwoyears.,2.2Adverbial2.2.1modificationdisorder2.2.1.1缩短修饰

9、距离,E.g.7对供方提供或者传授的专有技术和有关技术资料，受方应当按照合同约定的范围和期限承担保密义务。E.g.8它运用历史唯物主义揭示了人类社会发展的规律。,E.g.7对供方提供或者传授的专有技术和有关技术资料，受方应当按照合同约定的范围和期限承担保密义务。,Therecipientshallundertaketheobligationstokeepconfidentialforknow-howandrelevantinformationprovidedorimpartedbythesupplierinaccordancewithlimitsanddurationasagreedinthe

10、contract.,Arecipientshallundertaketheobligationtokeepconfidential,inaccordancewiththescopeanddurationagreedoninthecontract,theproprietarytechnologyandrelatedtechnicalinformationprovidedorimpartedbythesupplier.,E.g.8它运用历史唯物主义揭示了人类社会发展的规律。,Ithasuncoveredthelawgoverningthedevelopmentofhumansocietybyusi

11、nghistoricalmaterialism.,Usinghistoricalmaterialism,ithasuncoveredthelawsgoverningthedevelopmentofhumansociety.,2.2.1.2是否修饰两个对象,E.g.9加强依法治税，强化税收征管，严厉打击偷税漏税。Weshouldlevytaxesaccordingtolaw,tightentaxcollectionandmanagement,andseverelyfighttaxevasionandtaxfraud.,2.2.1.3限制性或非限制性状语,E.g.10对港区内非法悬挂中华人民共和国

12、国旗航行的外国船舶处以500元的罚款。E.g.11对非法出借船员证件的处以100元至300元的罚款。,E.g.10对港区内非法悬挂中华人民共和国过期航行的外国船舶处以500元的罚款。,WithintheportzoneaforeignvesselillegallyflyingtheflagofPRCissubjecttoafineof500yuan.,AforeignvesselflyingtheflagofPRC,whichisillegal,issubjecttoafineof500yuan.,E.g.11对非法出借船员证件的处以100元至300元的罚款。,Acrewmemberwhoil

13、legallylendshisseafarercertificatestoothersissubjecttoafinefrom100to300yuan.,Acrewmemberwholendshisseafarercertificatestoothers,whichisillegal,issubjecttoafinefrom100to300yuan.,2.2.2多状语,E.g.12民族地区在国家的扶持和其他地区的支援下，通过自己的艰苦奋斗，经济增长加快，各项事业全面发展。E.g.13在受方承担保密义务期限内，由于非受方原因技术被公开，受方承担的保密义务即行终止。,E.g.12民族地区在国家的扶

14、持和其他地区的支援下，通过自己的艰苦奋斗，经济增长加快，各项事业全面发展。,AssistedbytheStateandaidedbyotherregions,ethnicminorityareas,bytheirownefforts,acceleratedtheireconomydevelopmentandachievedanall-rounddevelopment.,AssistedbytheStateandsupportedbyotherregions,ethnicminorityareaswitnessedanaccelerationineconomicgrowthandanall-ro

15、unddevelopmentinvariousundertakingsthroughheirowneffortsandhardwork.,E.g.13在受方承担保密义务期限内，由于非受方原因技术被公开，受方承担的保密义务即行终止。,Withinthedurationinwhichtherecipientundertakestheobligationtokeepconfidential,ifthetechnologyispublicizednotowingtotherecipient,obligationstokeepconfidentialundertakenbytherecipientsha

16、llbeimmediatelyterminated.,If,duringtheperiodthattherecipientisobligedtomaintainconfidentiality,detailsofthetechnologyaremadepublicthroughnoconnectionwiththerecipient,theobligationoftherecipienttomaintainconfidentialityshallbeterminatedimmediately.,2.3attributive2.3.1modification2.3.1.1nomination,19

17、50stheKoreanWar1960stheVietnamWar贸易公司AtradecompanyvsAtradingcompany陆家嘴金融贸易区theLujiazuiFinanceandTradeZonetheLujiazuiFinancialandTradeZone,2.3.1.2pre-orpost-modifier,E.g.13省、自治区、直辖市、沿海开放城市、经济特区和计划单列省辖市E.g.14上海将建成国际经济、金融、贸易、航运中心,E.g.13省、自治区、直辖市、沿海开放城市、经济特区和计划单列省辖市,provinces,autonomousregions,municipal

18、itiesdirectlyunderjurisdictionofthecentralgovernment,coastalopencities,specialeconomiczonesandcitiesunderprovinceswithseparateeconomicplans.,provinces,autonomousregions,directlyadministeredmunicipalities,openportcities,specialeconomiczonesandprovinciallyadministeredcitieswhichareauthorizedtoformulat

19、etheirownindependentplans,E.g.14上海将建成国际经济、金融、贸易、航运中心,Shanghaiwillturnintoaninternationaleconomic,financial,tradeandshippingcenter.,Shanghaiwillturnintoaninternationalcenterofeconomy,finance,tradeandshipping.,2.3.1.3Lengthofpre-modifier,theCollegeofEducationBuildingTheDepartmentofForeignLanguagesBuil

20、dingTheDepartmentofForeignLanguagesandLiteratureBuilding,2.3.1.4overuseofnouns,E.g.15上海组合港管理委员会E.g.16技术引进合同批准证书,E.g.15上海组合港管理委员会,ShanghaicombinationportadministrationCommitteeTheAdministrativeCommitteeoftheShanghaicombinationPortTheShanghaiCombinedPortAdministration,E.g.16技术引进合同批准证书,TechnologyImport

21、ContractApprovalCertificateApprovalcertificateforaTechnologyImportcontract,2.3.2longattributive2.3.2.1balancemodifiers,E.g.17我国进行了卓有成效的双边和多边外交活动。E.g.18合同自批准之日起生效，由审批机关颁发经贸部统一制刷和编号的技术引入合同批准证书。,E.g.17我国进行了卓有成效的双边和多边外交活动。,Chinahasdonefruitfulbilateralandmultilateraldiplomaticactivities.,Chinahasconduct

22、edfruitfuldiplomaticactivitiesinbothbilateralandmultilateralcontexts.,E.g.18合同自批准之日起生效，由审批机关颁发经贸部统一制刷和编号的技术引入合同批准证书。,ThecontractshallcomeintoforceonthedateofapprovalandthecompetentauthorityshallissueaunifiedApprovalCertificateforaTechnologyImportContractprintedandnumberedbyMinistryofForeignEconomicR

23、elationsandTrade.,AcontractshallbevalidfromthedateofitsapprovalandtheexaminingandapprovingorganshallissueaTechnologyImportContractApprovalCertificatewhichisuniformlydesignedandnumberedbytheMinistryofForeignEconomicRelationsandTrade.,2.3.2.2turnphraseintoattributiveclause,E.g.19本市有进出口经营权的所有企业在进行国际运费费

24、用结算时必须使用统一发票。E.g.20该母公司在华的各家子公司现享受的高科技投资优惠政策，从四月一日起改为国民待遇。,E.g.19本市有进出口经营权的所有企业在进行国际运费费用结算时必须使用统一发票。,(?)AllenterprisesofthismunicipalityauthorizedwiththerighttoimportorexportmustusetheUniformInvoicesintheirinternationaltransportfeesettlement.,E.g.20该母公司在华的各家子公司现享受的高科技投资优惠政策，从四月一日起改为国民待遇。,(?)Allsubsi

25、diariesunderthatparentcompanyinChinaenjoyingthepreferentialpoliciesfortheirinvestmentinhightechnologyprojectsshallreceivenationaltreatmentstartingonApril1st.,2.3.2.3turnlongattributiveintoaclause,E.g.21由国务院各部、委和各直属机关批准可行性研究报告的项目，其技术引入合同由经贸部审批。,E.g.21由国务院各部、委和各直属机关批准可行性研究报告的项目，其技术引入合同由经贸部审批。,Technolo

26、gyimportcontractsforprojectswithfeasibilitystudyreportsapprovedbytheministries,commissionsanddepartmentsundertheStateCouncilaretobeexaminedandapprovedbytheMinistryofForeignEconomicRelationsandTrade.,AtechnologyimportcontractforaprojectwhichhaditsfeasibilitystudyapprovedbyaStateCouncilministryorcommi

27、ssionoroneofthevariousorgansdirectlyundertheStateCouncilshallbeexaminedandapprovedbytheMinistryofForeignEconomicRelationsandTrade.,2.3.2.4re-organize,E.g.22本条例所指的开发区公司，是指经北京市人民政府批准的从事开发区的开发建设和经营管理的经济实体。,E.g.22本条例所指的开发区公司，是指经北京市人民政府批准的从事开发区的开发建设和经营管理的经济实体。,Thecompaniesofdevelopmentzonesasstatedinthes

28、eRegulationsrefertoeconomicentitiesengagedinthedevelopment,constructionandoperationofthedevelopmentzoneswiththeapprovaloftheBeijingMunicipalPeoplesGovernment.,ThedevelopmentzonecorporationsreferredtointheseRegulationsareeconomicentitiesapprovedbytheBeijingMunicipalPeoplesGovernmentandengagedinthecon

29、struction,development,operationandadministrationofthedevelopmentzones.,2.3.2.5repetition,E.g.23引航是指熟悉一定水域的地理环境，水文气象及有关法规，并具有丰富的驾驶经验和船舶操纵技能的人员引领船舶进出港口，或在江河内海一定区域航行。,E.g.23引航是指熟悉一定水域的地理环境，水文气象及有关法规，并具有丰富的驾驶经验和船舶操纵技能的人员引领船舶进出港口，或在江河内海一定区域航行。,Pilotagereferstotheguidancebypersonnelfamiliarwiththegeograph

30、ical,hydrologicalandmeteorologicalconditionsingivenwaterzones,proficientintherelevantstatutes,richinnavigationalexpertiseandskillfulinshipmaneuvering,theguidanceofvesselsenteringorleavingportsorsailingincertainareasonriversandterritorialseas.,2.4omission2.4.1补主语,E.g.24基本路线要管100年，动摇不得。E.g.25说过来说过去，就是

31、一句话，坚持这个路线、方针、政策不变。,E.g.24基本路线要管100年，动摇不得。,Thebasiclineshouldbeadheredtofor100years,andtheremustbenovacillation.,Weshouldadheretothebasiclineforahundredyears,withnovacillation.,E.g.25说过来说过去，就是一句话，坚持这个路线、方针、政策不变。,Afterallthatsbeensaid,onesentencesumsitup:sticktothislineandtheseprinciplesandpolicies.,

32、Afterallthatsbeensaid,Icansumupourpositioninonesentence:weshallkeeptothislineandtheseprinciplesandpolicies.,2.4.2转被动,E.g.26因特殊情况需要超过合同有效期的，应当在合同中订明，并在申请办理审批手续时申明理由。,E.g.26因特殊情况需要超过合同有效期的，应当在合同中订明，并在申请办理审批手续时申明理由。,Ifspecialcircumstancesdemandthatthedurationshallexceedthetermofthecontract,itshallbeexp

33、resslyspecifiedinthecontract,andreasonsshallbegivenwhenapplyingforexaminationandapproval.,Ifinspecialcircumstancesitisnecessarytoexceedthedurationofthecontract,thisshallbestatedclearlyinthecontractandthereasonshallbedeclaredwhenexaminationandapprovalproceduresareconducted.,2.4.3转主语,E.g.27合同期满时，应当按照有

34、关规定办理。E.g.28合营企业申请用地，由合营企业中方合营业者办理。,E.g.27合同期满时，应当按照有关规定办理。,Whenthecontracthasexpired,therelevantstipulationsshallgovern.,Ontheexpiryofacontract,themattershallbehandledinaccordancewiththerelevantprovisions.,E.g.28合营企业申请用地，由合营企业中方合营业者办理。,Theapplicationofajointventurefortherighttouselandshallbemadebyt

35、heChinesejointventureronbehalfofthejoinventure.,TheChineseparticipantofthejointventureshallberesponsiblefortheapplicationfortherighttotheuseofland.,2.4.4补宾语,E.g.29(发展才是硬道理。这个问题要搞清楚。)如果分析不当，造成误解，就会变得谨小慎微，不敢解放思想，不敢放开手脚。,E.g.29如果分析不当，造成误解，就会变得谨小慎微，不敢解放思想，不敢放开手脚。,Ifwefailtomakeaproperanalysisandthisincu

36、rmisunderstanding,wewillbecomeovercautiousanddarenotemancipateourmindsandactboldly.,Ifwefailtoanalyzeitproperlyandtounderstanditcorrectly,weshallbecomeovercautious,notdaringtoemancipateourmindsandactfreely.,2.5主从关系的处理2.5.1词汇词组的主从,E.g.30我们完全有决心、有能力最终解决台湾问题。E.g.31只有这样，才会明了发展问题既是发展中国家自己的责任，也是发达国家的责任。,E

37、.g.30我们完全有决心、有能力最终解决台湾问题。,WearecompletelydeterminedandabletofinallysolveTaiwanproblem.,Withfulldetermination,wearecapableoffindingafinalsolutiontotheTaiwanquestion.,E.g.31只有这样，才会明了发展问题既是发展中国家自己的责任，也是发达国家的责任。,Onlyinthiswaycanoneseethattheissueofdevelopmentistheresponsibilityofdevelopedcountriesaswell

38、asdevelopingcountries.,Onlythuswillwerecognizethatitistheresponsibilitynotjustofthedevelopingcountriesbutalsoofthedevelopedcountries.,2.5.2分句的主从,E.g.32中国执行改革开放政策，争取在50到70年间内发展起来。,E.g.32中国执行改革开放政策，争取在50到70年间内发展起来。,Chinapursuesapolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,strivingtobecomedevelopedwithina

39、50-70yearperiod.Chinaiscarryingoutthepoliciesofreformandwillstrivetobecomedevelopedin50-70years.Bypursuingapolicyofreformandopeningtotheoutsideworld,Chinaisstrivingtobecomedevelopedwithina50-70period.,2.6合并与分拆2.6.1收缩合并,E.g.33任何组织或个人不得侵占、买卖或者以其他形式非法转让土地。E.g.34这五年，首先是农村改革带来许多新的变化，农作物大幅度增产，农民收入大幅度增加，乡镇

40、企业异军突起。,E.g.33任何组织或个人不得侵占、买卖或者以其他形式非法转让土地。,Noorganizationorindividualmayappropriate,buy,sellorotherwiseengageinthetransferoflandbyunlawfulmeans.,Noorganizationorindividualmayappropriate,buy,sellorotherwisetransferlandunlawfully.,E.g.34这五年，首先是农村改革带来许多新的变化，农作物大幅度增产，农民收入大幅度增加，乡镇企业异军突起。,Duringthosefivey

41、ears,ruralreformbroughtaboutmanychanges,whichwerecharacterizedbysubstantialincreaseincropproductionandfarmersincomeandtheriseofruralenterprisesasanewforce.,Duringthosefiveyears,ruralreformbroughtaboutmanychanges:grainoutputincreasedsubstantially,asdidthepeasantsincome,andruralenterprisesemergedasane

42、wforce.,2.6.2非连接词并句,E.g.35重复建设比较严重，造成了一些浪费。E.g.36她对自己取得的成就充满了自豪，这也不是没有道理的。,E.g.35重复建设比较严重，造成了一些浪费。,Duplicateconstructionwasprevalentandcausedwaste.,Therewasmuchwastefulduplicateconstruction.,E.g.36她对自己取得的成就充满了自豪，这也不是没有道理的。,Sheisproudoftheachievementsshehasmadeandthisisreasonable.Itisreasonablethatsh

43、eisproudofherachievements.,Sheisjustifiablyproudofherachievements.,2.6.3分拆,E.g.37开发区内的外商投资企业，按规定纳税有困难的，经企业申请，税务部门批准，可减免工商统一税(CICT)。CICT:ConsolidatedIndustrialandCommercialTax,E.g.37开发区内的外商投资企业，按规定纳税有困难的，经企业申请，税务部门批准，可减免工商统一税。,Enterpriseswithforeigninvestmentsindevelopmentzonesthathavedifficultyovert

44、axpaymentsmay,ontheapprovaloftheirapplicationbytaxauthorities,beallowedreductionsoforexemptedfromCICT.,Whereaforeigninvestmententerprisehasdifficultiesinpayingthestipulatedtax,itmayapplytotaxauthoritiesandmayenjoy,iftheapplicationisapproved,reductionorexemptionoftheCICT.,2.7并列平衡结构,E.g.38他负责联系船舶修理和船舶

45、燃料供应。E.g.39我们欢迎发达国家与我们合作，也欢迎发展中国家相互之间的合作。,E.g.38他负责联系船舶修理和船舶燃料供应。,Heisinchargeofarrangingforvesselrepairingandprovidingvesselfuels.Heisinchargeofarrangingforvesselrepairsandprovidingvesselfuels.Heisinchargeofarrangementforvesselrepairingandprovisionofvesselfuels.,E.g.39我们欢迎发达国家与我们合作，也欢迎发展中国家相互之间的合作。

46、,Whiledevelopedcountriesarewelcometocooperatewithus,cooperationwithdevelopingcountriesisalsowelcome.,Chinawelcomescooperationwithdevelopedcountries,andweshouldalsobehappytoseecooperationbetweendevelopingcountries.,2.8多层次并列关系,2.8.1改变英语词性E.g.40政府部门不准违反有关规定购买豪华车；不准利用手中权力调换价格更昂贵的小汽车，向下级单位或企业借车，或强迫下属单位或企

47、业为自己买车。,E.g.40政府部门不准违反有关规定购买豪华车；不准利用手中权力调换价格更昂贵的小汽车，向下级单位或企业借车，或强迫下属单位或企业为自己买车。,Governmentdepartmentsarenotallowedtopurchaseluxurycarsinviolationofrelevantregulations,tousetheirpowertotradeformoreexpensivecars,toborrowcarsfromsubordinateunitsorenterprises,ortoforcesubordinateunitsorenterprisestobuyc

48、arsontheirbehalf.,E.g.40政府部门不准违反有关规定购买豪华车；不准利用手中权力调换价格更昂贵的小汽车，向下级单位或企业借车，或强迫下属单位或企业为自己买车。,Governmentdepartmentswillbeprohibitedfrompurchasingluxurycarsinviolationofrelevantregulations,orusingtheirpowertotradeformoreexpensivecars,toborrowcarsfromsubordinateunitsorenterprises,ortoforcesubordinateunits

49、orenterprisestobuycarsontheirbehalf.,2.8.2增减连接词,E.g.41必须正确处理发展经济同人口、资源、环境的关系。E.g.42要加速实现两岸直接通邮、通航、通商。,E.g.41必须正确处理发展经济同人口、资源、环境的关系。,Wemustcorrectlyhandletherelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopmentandpopulation,naturalresourcesandenvironment.,Wemustcorrectlyhandletherelationshipbetweeneconomicdevelopme

50、ntontheonehandandpopulation,naturalresourcesandenvironmentontheother.,E.g.42要加速实现两岸直接通邮、通航、通商。,Weshouldspeeduptheestablishmentofdirectlinksofpostal,airandshippingservicesandtrade.,Weshouldspeeduptheestablishmentofthreedirectlinksofmail,airandshippingservices,andtrade.,2.9提取公因式,E.g.43大力提倡社会公德，职业道德和家庭

51、美德E.g.44要坚定信心，勇于探索，大胆实践。E.g.45国际上议论纷纷，国内也有各种意见。,E.g.43大力提倡社会公德，职业道德和家庭美德,Weshouldvigorouslyadvocatesocialethics,occupationalmoralsandfamilyvirtues.,Weshouldvigorouslyadvocatesocial,occupationalandfamilyethics.,E.g.44要坚定信心，勇于探索，大胆实践。,Weshouldbefirmindetermination,braveinexplorationandboldinpractice.,

52、Weshouldbefirmindeterminationandboldinexplorationandpractice.,E.g.45国际上议论纷纷，国内也有各种意见。,Therehasbeenmuchdiscussionaboutthisworldwideandalsovariousviewsconcerningitathome.,Therearevariousopinionsonthisquestionbothathomeandabroad.,2.10逻辑顺序,E.g.46贪污腐化、奢侈浪费等现象仍在蔓延滋长。E.g.47归根到底，我们要靠自己来摆脱贫困，靠自己发展起来。,E.g.46贪

53、污腐化、奢侈浪费等现象仍在蔓延滋长。,Corruption,extravaganceandwastearestillspreadingandgrowing.,Corruption,extravaganceandwastearestillgrowingandspreading.,E.g.47归根到底，我们要靠自己来摆脱贫困，靠自己发展起来,Inthefinalanalysis,wemustrelyonourselvestogetridofpovertyanddevelop.,Inthefinalanalysis,wehavetodependonourselvestodevelopandlifto

54、urselvesoutofpoverty.,2.11Grammar2.11.1tenseandaspect,E.g.48高科技领域的一个突破，带动一批产业的发展。E.g.49老年人要帮助年轻人，对于办的不妥当的事，也要好心好意的帮。,E.g.48高科技领域的一个突破，带动一批产业的发展。,Ourbreakthroughinthehigh-techfieldwillpromotethegrowthofseveralindustries.,Ourbreakthroughinthefieldofhightechnologypromotesthegrowthofseveralindustries.,E

55、.g.49老年人要帮助年轻人，对于办的不妥当的事，也要好心好意的帮。,Olderpeopleshould,outofgoodwill,helpthemwhenmattersarehandledimproperly.,Outofgoodwill,theyshouldhelpthemwhenthingsarenotbeinghandledproperly.,2.11.2modalverb,E.g.50标书的正本和副本应使用不褪色的墨水打印或书写，并应由正式授权过的一个人或几个人签字。E.g.51在北京设立的经济技术开发区均适用本条例。,E.g.50标书的正本和副本应使用不褪色的墨水打印或书写，并应

56、由正式授权过的一个人或几个人签字。,Theoriginalandduplicatesofthetendershouldbetypedorwritteninindelibleinkandshouldbesignedbyapersonorpersonsdulyauthorized.,Theoriginalandduplicatesofthetendershallbetypedorwritteninindelibleinkandshallbesignedbyapersonorpersonsdulyauthorized.,E.g.51在北京设立的经济技术开发区均适用本条例。,Theseregulati

57、onsshallapplytoalleconomicandtechnologicaldevelopmentzonesinBeijing.,TheseregulationsapplytoanyeconomicandtechnologicaldevelopmentzoneestablishedinBeijing.,2.12词性转换,E.g.52中国政府成对不对无核国家使用核武器。E.g.53自然保护区的划定和管理，按照有关规定办理。E.g.54人民群众的健康水平普遍提高。,E.g.52中国政府成对不对无核国家使用核武器。,TheChinesegovernmentundertakesnottouse

58、nuclearweaponsagainstnon-nuclearcountries.,TheChinesegovernmentundertakesnon-useofnuclearweaponsagainstnonnuclearcountries.,E.g.53自然保护区的划定和管理，按照有关规定办理。,Thedesignationandadministrationofnaturereservesshallbeeffectedinaccordancewiththerelevantprovisions.,Naturereservesshallbedesignatedandadministratedaccordingtotherelevantprovisions.,E.g.54人民群众的健康水平普遍提高。,ThehealthleveloftheChinesepeoplehasbeenraised.,TheChinesepeoplehavebecomehealthier.,Summary,1.充分利用介词，但若是介词过多，则调整为动词或从句；2.状语要注意修饰目标，且前后置需平衡；3.定语前后置平衡，调整词性、位置、距离；4.省略句需填补相关信息，或作被动；5.分清主从关系，按照英语结构和逻辑合并或分拆；6.灵活翻译，词性可变化。,