燃料煤质量对动力生产的影响中英文解析

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1、 燃料煤质量对动力生产的影响中英文解析The effects of fuel coal quality for power production in both Chinese and English parsing 我国的能源消耗结构中，煤炭是一次性能源消耗的绝对主力，根据国家统计数据，2010年全国共消耗煤炭31.22亿吨，占全国能源消耗总量的68%。其中用于发电和供热的燃料煤16.97亿吨，占煤炭消耗总量的54%。对于作为一次性能源的煤炭，常用的质量控制指标有发热量、挥发分、灰分、含硫量、灰熔融性等。Chinas energy consumption structure, coal is

2、 the absolute main force of one-time energy consumption, according to national statistics, in 2010, the national coal consumption of 3.122 billion tons, accounting for 68% of the total national energy consumption. Which used to generate electricity and heating fuel coal 1.697 billion tons, accountin

3、g for 54% of the total coal consumption. For coal as one-off energy, commonly used for quality control indicators have calorific value, volatile matter, ash content, sulfur content and ash melting, etc. 发热量是指一公斤煤完全燃烧所释放的热量，分高位发热量和低位发热量，一般所说的发热量是指扣除水蒸汽的汽化潜热后的低位发热量。发热量作为燃煤的核心质量指标，直接与煤炭价格挂钩，作为确定价格的主要依据

4、。一般燃煤的发热量指标要与锅炉设计煤种的发热量相一致。如果燃煤实际发热量较锅炉设计煤种偏低，将导致入炉煤量增加，对于发电的煤粉锅炉来说，入炉煤量增加意味着制粉系统的负荷增加，如果当制粉系统达到满负荷时，入炉总热量还不能满足需要，就会导致锅炉出力下降，发电量下降。对于工业链条锅炉来说，增加入炉煤量可通过增加煤层厚度或加快炉排转速来实现，但增加煤层厚度将引起炉床阻力增加，不利通风；加快炉排转速将导致煤在炉内的燃烧时间缩短，两者均不利于煤的完全燃烧。如果燃煤实际发热量较锅炉设计煤种偏高较多，将导致入炉煤量减少，对于发电的煤粉锅炉来说，可能造成燃烧不稳定，对于工业链条锅炉来说可能造成炉排局部位置温度过

5、高，炉排变形甚至烧蚀，影响运行。挥发分是指将燃煤加热到一定温度时燃煤析出的可燃气体的多少，是衡量煤是否容易被点燃的一个重要指标，挥发分越高的煤越容易引燃，挥发分越低的煤越不容易引燃。一般要求挥发分越高越好。挥发分比较高的燃煤对锅炉燃烧没有不利的影响，但其容易自燃，不利于保存。运行中如果煤质忽然发生变差，司炉人员没有及时发现，并调整燃烧，挥发分特别低的燃煤则会由于不易引燃而影响到锅炉的正常燃烧。发电的煤粉锅炉可能会造成火焰中心下降，燃烧不稳定甚至熄火。对于工业链条锅炉可能会造成炉排断火。不论发电锅炉还是工业锅炉挥发分特别低最终都会导致蒸汽压大幅波动。Calorific value is to p

6、oint to one kilogram of coal combustion, heat release with high calorific value and low calorific value, generally described the calorific value refers to the low calorific value after the deduction of the water vapor of the latent heat of vaporization. Calorific value at the core of coal quality in

7、dex, directly linked to the price of coal, as the main basis to determine the price. General coal-fired calorific value of the index is consistent with the calorific value of coal boiler design. If actual calorific value coal is coal boiler design is low, will cause the coal into the furnace, for pu

8、lverized coal fired boiler in power generation, coal into the furnace to increase means the coal pulverizing system load increases, when the coal pulverizing system at full capacity, the total quantity of heat into the still cant meet the need, is to cause a decline in the boiler output, output decl

9、ine. For industrial chain boiler, increase by increasing the thickness of coal seam or a coal into the furnace can accelerate the grate speed to achieve, but increasing coal thickness will cause a resistance furnace bed, bad ventilation; To speed up the speed will lead to coal in the furnace combust

10、ion time, both good for the complete combustion of coal. If the actual calorific value coal is coal boiler design is on the high side more, will lead to reduced the volume of coal into the furnace, for pulverized coal fired boiler in power generation, may cause burning is not stable, may cause for i

11、ndustrial chain boiler grate local position temperature is exorbitant, grate deformation ablation, even affect the running. Volatile is coal-fired heating to a certain temperature, the combustible gas of the coal separation, coal measure whether easy to ignite an important indicator, the easier the

12、higher volatile matter of coal ignition, lower volatile matter of coal are more not easily ignited. The higher the volatile general requirements, the better. High volatile coal for boiler combustion without adverse effect, but its easy to spontaneous combustion, is not conducive to save. If coal sud

13、denly, in the operation of the stoker workers didnt found in time, and adjust the burning, special low volatile coal is due to the difficult ignition and affect the normal combustion of boiler. Pulverized coal fired boiler in power generation is likely to cause the loss of the flame center, combusti

14、on instability or even shut down. For industrial chain boiler may cause fire grate is broken. Regardless of power boiler and industrial boiler special low volatile can eventually lead to the vapor pressure fluctuations. 灰分是表示燃煤中不可燃的矿物杂质，也是燃煤完全燃烧以后所剩的固体杂质多少的一个指标。一般要求灰分越小越好。灰分太大的危害主要有增加除灰、除渣、除尘系统的负荷；影

15、响运行环境和工房内外环境；加重锅炉受热面管壁积灰，降低传热系数从而影响锅炉出力和热效率；更重要的是加重了锅炉受热面管壁的磨损，严重时可使锅炉受热面因磨损而爆管，直接威胁到锅炉的安全运行。Ash is said non combustible mineral impurities in coal, and coal combustion left after an indicator of how much solid impurities. General requirements ash as small as possible. Ash too big damage mainly incr

16、ease the ash, slag, dust removal system load; Affects the running environment and workshops, both inside and outside environment; Increase boiler heating surface tube wall soot formation, reduce the coefficient of heat transfer affecting the boiler output and thermal efficiency; More importantly inc

17、reased boiler heating surface tube wall wear and tear, serious when can make the boiler heating surface tube due to abrasion, a direct threat to the safe operation of boiler. 含硫量顾名思义是指燃煤中所含硫元素的多少。燃煤中的硫以有机硫、硫化铁、硫酸盐三种形式存在，硫酸盐由于含量特别小，而且性质稳定，不参与燃烧，因此通常所说的含硫量是指前两种硫的含量，前两种硫在燃烧以后在烟气中形成大量的二氧化硫和微量的三氧化硫，增加了脱硫

18、系统负荷及二氧化硫的排放量，增加了运行成本，加重了对环境的污染。更重要的是烟气中的二氧化硫和微量三氧化硫会使烟气中的水蒸气露点大大升高，二氧化硫和微量三氧化硫溶于水，产生亚硫酸和硫酸对锅炉低温受热面管壁产生腐蚀，造成低温受热面堵灰。因此硫作为燃料中的一种有害元素，应要求含硫量越低越好。Sulfur content just as its name implies is refers to the element sulfur in coal. Sulfur in organic sulfur in coal, iron sulfide and sulfate three forms exist

19、, sulfate because the content is very small, and the properties of stability, not participate in combustion, so as the sulfur content of sulfur is refers to the first two levels, the first two kinds of sulfur in the formation of sulfur dioxide in flue gas after combustion and trace sulphur trioxide,

20、 increased the desulfurization system load and sulfur dioxide emissions, increased the operation cost, increase the pollution to the environment. More important trace sulphur trioxide is sulfur dioxide in flue gas and water vapor in flue gas dew point rise greatly, sulfur dioxide and trace sulphur t

21、rioxide soluble in water, generating sulfurous acid and sulphuric acid corrosion of low temperature heating surface of boiler tube wall, resulting in low temperature heating surface dust. So a harmful element in sulfur as a fuel, shall require a lower sulfur content, the better. 灰熔融性是表示燃煤灰渣特性的指标，常用开

22、始变形温度、软化温度、熔化温度三个特征温度来表示。这三个特征温度越高表明灰渣形态越稳定，越不易改变，煤质越好。如果燃煤的这三个特征温度过低，一方面开始燃烧的煤产生的灰渣包覆在还未燃烧的煤外面，使后面的煤与空气的接触面减少而变得不易燃尽，固体不完全燃烧热损失急剧升高，锅炉热效率急剧下降。另一方面会造成锅炉水冷壁、过热器、凝渣管束等高温受热面结焦，影响锅炉出力和热效率。严重时炉膛出口烟道流通截面急剧减小甚至堵死，鼓风机负荷不足，锅炉出力急剧下降不得不停炉清焦。另外对于火床燃烧的小型工业锅炉，还会因熔渣堵塞通风孔影响空气通过炉排进入炉膛，而破坏炉内燃烧以及炉排的冷却过程，严重时可使炉排片烧坏。通过以

23、上分析可以看出燃煤质量对保证动力生产设备的安全运行、维持动力生产的秩序和动力生产企业的经济效益都有着至关重要的作用。过去几年来，随着燃煤价格的不断攀升，一些不法供煤单位为赚取更大利润，利用用煤单位的管理漏洞，在燃煤中大量掺加煤矸石，扰乱了正常的动力生产秩序。因燃煤质量而引起的锅炉停机、大面积停热事故的报道经常见诸媒体。对此用煤单位一定要加强对燃煤采购各个环节的监管，按规范取样、检测，堵塞漏洞，不给不法供煤单位可趁之机，从而保证动力生产设备的安全运行、维持动力生产的秩序和企业的经济效益。Ash melting index of said coal ash characteristic, comm

24、on began to deformation temperature, soften temperature and melt temperature three characteristics. The three characteristics of the temperature, the higher that ash forms the more stable, more is not easy to change, coal quality, the better. If the three characteristics of coal temperature is too l

25、ow, on the one hand, began to burn coal ash produced coated outside havent burning of coal, the coal and air contact area to reduce behind and become less flammable, solid incomplete combustion heat loss due to a sharp rise, a sharp drop in boiler thermal efficiency. On the other hand will cause the

26、 boiler water wall, superheater, residue, high temperature heating surface such as coked, affect output and thermal efficiency of boiler. Serious when furnace exit flue flow area reduced sharply and even exhausted, blower load, the boiler output fell sharply to stop the coke furnace. In addition to

27、fire bed combustion of small industrial boiler, due to slag clogging vents also affect the air through the grate into the furnace, and destruction of furnace combustion and fire grate cooling process, serious when can make grate burn out. Through the above analysis it can be seen that the coal quali

28、ty to ensure the safe running of the production equipment, keep order power production and power production enterprises economic benefits has a vital role. Over the past few years, with rising coal prices, some illegal coal supply units to make a bigger profit, using coal units of the loopholes in m

29、anagement, a large number of mixed with coal gangue in the coal, disrupted the normal order of power production. Caused by coal quality and boiler stop, stop large area hot accident frequently reported by media reports. This coal units must strengthen the supervision of coal purchasing each link, according to the standard sampling, testing, plugging holes, dont give a illegal coal supply unit can take advantage of the machine, so as to ensure the safe operation of power equipment, and maintain power production order and the enterprise economic benefit. 3