商法专有名词中英文对照

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1、Four short words sum up what has lifted most successful individuals above the crowd: a little bit more.-author-date商法专有名词中英文对照F4 中英文词汇对照中英文词汇对照之Part ACommon law andequity普通法与衡平法Statute law成文法Criminal law andcivil law刑法与民法Appeal上诉Majistrate court治安法院County court郡法院Crown court刑事法院High court高等法院Court o

2、f appeal上诉法院House of lord上议院Indictableoffence可起诉的犯罪Summary offence简易程序罪行Queens benchdivision王座法庭Chancerydivision大法官法庭Family division家事法庭Small claimtrack小额索赔轨道Fast claim track快速索赔轨道Multi track多重索赔轨道arbitration仲裁Human right人权法precedent先例Bindingprecedent=stare decisis先例约束Ratio decidendi判决理由Obiter dicta

3、附告意见Legislation=statutelaw法律、成文法parliament议会Delegatedlegislation授权立法Orders incouncil委员会命令Statutoryinstrument制定法文件Bye-laws地方法规Statutoryinterpretation制定法解释The literal rule字面解释规则The golden rule黄金规则The mischiefrule按目的解释规则Part Bcontract合同Offer要约Acceptance承诺consideration对价intention意图capacity合同能力Invitation

4、 totreat要约邀请Termination ofoffers要约的终止Counter-offer反要约Revocation of anoffer撤销要约Unilateralcontract单边合同Collateralcontract附属合同（附属担保品合同）Executedconsideration已履行的对价Executoryconsideration待履行的对价Pastconsideration过去的对价Considerationmust be sufficient but may not be adequate对价必须充分（有价值），但不必充足Performance ofexsiti

5、ng duties履行既存义务Promissoryestoppel允诺禁反言原则Domesticagreement家庭协议Commercialagreement商业协议Privity ofcontract合同的相对性Contract terms合同条款Express terms明示条款Implied terms暗示条款Conditions条件条款Warranties保证条款Innominate term中间条款Exclusion clause免责条款Has theexclusion clause been incorporated into the contract免责条款已并入合同了吗Sig

6、nature（当事人在合同上）签字Notice（提醒对方）注意（免责条款）Consistentdealing系列交易Any uncertaintyor ambiguity in the exclusion clause must be interpreted against the personseeking to rely on it如果免责条款存在任何含糊不清之处，法院将作出不利于提出免责条款当事人的解释Discharge ofcontract解除合同Breach ofcontract合同违约Repudiatorybreach能够断绝合同关系的违约Anticipatorybreach预期违

7、约Remedies forbreach of contract违约行为的补救Damages损害赔偿Remoteness ofdamages间接损失陪偿Measure ofdamages直接损失陪偿Liquidated damages实际损失penalties惩罚Specificperformance特定履行injunction禁令rescission废除、取消Tort侵权The tort ofnegligence过失侵权Duty of care审慎义务Contributorynegligence共同侵权Volentiacceptencenon fit injuria=voluntary acc

8、eptance of risks自愿接受风险Part Cindemnify补偿Dismissal解雇redundancy冗员Notice通知Wrongfuldismissal非法解雇Unfair dismissal不公平解雇Constructivedismissal推定解雇Re-instatement复职Re-engagement再就业compensation补偿Part DAgency代理Ractification追认Agency byestoppel不容否认代理Actual authority实际授权Apparent/ostensible推定代理Warrant ofauthority代理权

9、保证Partnership合伙Severally andjointly liable个别及连带责任Limited partnership有限合伙企业LLP（limited liability partnership）有限责任合伙企业Legal identity法律身份Legalpersonality法律人格Limited liability有限责任Unlimitedcompany无限责任公司Limited company有限责任公司Limited by share依股票成立有限公司Limited by guarantee依保证成立有限公司Privatecompanies私人公司Public l

10、imitedcompanies公众有限责任公司Registration 登记Certificate ofregistration登记的资格证书Tradingcertificate交易证书Lifting the veilof incorporation揭开公司面纱Quoted/listedcompany上市公司Parent company母公司Subsidiarycompany子公司Promoter发起人Registrar ofcompany公司登记机关Memorandum ofassociation公司的基本章程Articles ofassociation公司的附属章程Statement of

11、compliance法定声明Constitution ofcompany公司宪章Company “off theshelf”现成的公司（壳公司）Bona fide真实的，有诚意的Ultra vire超越权限Passing-offaction假冒、冒名Capital资本Part EShare capital股本Nominal value名义价值Ordinary share普通股Preference share优先股Redeemable share可赎回股Authorised sharecapital法定资本Called-upcapital催缴股本Paid-up capital实缴股本Class

12、rights arerights attached to particular types of shares集体权利是依附于特定类型的股份的权利minority少数股东Variation ofclass rights集体权利的变更Allotment ofshares股份分配Issue of shares股份发行Pre-emptionright优先认购权Bonus issue发行红股/股票股利Rights issue认股权发行/配股Loan capital借贷资本Debentures债券Charges抵押Fixed charge固定抵押Floating charge浮动抵押Crystalliz

13、ationof a floating charge浮动抵押的明确化Capitalmaintenance资本保全Solvency偿付能力Issue shares ata premium溢价发行股票Issue shares ata discount折价发行股票Underwritingfees承销费用Stringent严格的Distributedividend派发股息Accumulatedrealized profit累计已变现利润Accumulatedrealized profit累计已变现损失Undistributablereserves不可分配准备Part FDirector董事Board o

14、fdirector董事会Shadow director影子董事Executivedirector执行董事Non-executivedirector非执行董事Managingdirector常务董事Board ofdirectors董事会Remuneration ofdirectors董事的薪酬Vacation ofoffice(董事的)离职Disqualificationof director取消董事资格Fiduciary duty受托责任Conflict ofinterest利益冲突Fraudulenttrading欺诈性交易Wrongful trading不法交易Eligibility a

15、sauditor审计人员的任职资格Annual generalmeeting年度全体会议Extraordinarygeneral meeting临时全体会议resolution决议Ordinaryresolution普通决议Specialresolution特别决议Writtenresolution书面决议Notice通知Special notice特别通知The chairman会议主席Quorum法定人数vote表决proxies表决代理人Minutes会议记录Part Ginsolvency破产liquidation清算Winding up清算A membersvoluntary win

16、ding up股东的自愿清算Creditorsvoluntary winding up债权人的自愿清算Compulsoryliquidation强制清算liquidator清算人administration财产管理Part HCorporategovernance公司治理stakeholder利益相关人Financialstatement财务报表Voluntary codesof corporate governance公司治理的自愿守则Unitary board ofdirector单一董事会Supervisoryboard监事会Transparency透明性Insider dealing内幕交易Insiderinformation内幕信息Money laundering洗钱Fraudulenttrading欺诈性交易Wrongful trading不法交易-