美英报刊文章选读

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1、美英报刊文章选读课程教学大纲2009-3-26年制订 责任教师：邹秀娟课程名称：美英报刊文章选读课程类别：选修专业理论知识课开课对象：英语专业本科课 时：三年第二学期；每周二学时，其中理论课与实践课各一学时选定教材：周学艺、袁宪军编写的英美报刊文章选读（上、下册）,北京大学出版社出版。参 考 书：（1）英美报刊文选戴树乔译注，外语研究与教学出版社。（2）21世纪报英语读物精粹何兆熊选编，上海外语教育出版社。（3）英美报刊文章阅读，吴潜龙编，上海外语教育出版社。（4）美英报刊文章选读，上、下册，周学艺主编，1996，北京大学出版社。（5）美英报刊文章选读，上、下册，周学艺编，1987，北京大学出

2、版社。（6）新闻英语，李中行、张健编著，1993，南开大学出版社。（7）英美国家主要报刊。（8）国内出版的主要英文报刊，如：21st Century、 China Daily 、Shanghai Star、China Today 等。课程概述：美英报刊文章选读是英语专业本科高年级阶段的限制性选修课。该课程旨在培养学生阅读和理解国外报刊的技能。通过学习，学生能够阅读有关时事的文章，正确理解新闻英语的特点，深入领会其语言规则，帮助学生体会正式英语语体的一些特点从而在阅读过程中能正确理解原文的含义，从而提高阅读水平。学生大量接触英语读物、培养文献能力，通过大量阅读，使学生扩大词汇量，增加文化背景知识

3、，掌握阅读技巧，提高阅读速度和理解能力，最终达到读懂简易读物以及与其难度相当 的其它文章的水平，从而使学生在网络信息时代具有充分获得信息的能力。学生还通过范文学写评论性段落，并能进行简单的口头讨论。学生对英语宣传媒介的几种常见形式能有所了解，能看懂英语国家报刊中的政治述评，进一步了解西方社会的政治、经济和文化。为学生毕业论文设计提供参考和帮助。教学目的：该课程是英语专业初级阶段阅读课的延续和拓展。教学目的在于着重提高阅读理解能力；培养学生细致观察语言，假设判断，分析归纳，推理验证等逻辑思维能力；培养学生的速读能力以及阅读兴趣；扩大学生的词汇；提高对文化背景的敏感度和表达思想的能力。换言之，本课

4、程的目的在于培养学生的三种阅读能力；字面理解能力（Literal Comprehension）、阅读评价能力（Critical Comprehension）、阅读欣赏能力（Affective Comprehension）。本课程能为学生提供一定数量的新闻词汇，新闻传播学的基础知识和国际新闻大事件的背景知识，为激发学生对国内外时事、政治、经济、军事、外交等领域的事件的兴趣，拓宽自己知识层面的深度，夯实自身英语技能打下初步的基础。在本课程的教学过程中，要求教师继续把培养能力作为重点，训练阅读方法，培养阅读技巧，提高阅读速度。同时也要求教师注重激发学生的阅读兴趣，注意培养学生的综合素质，和发散性思维

5、、创造性思维的养成以及发现问题、分析问题和解决问题的能力的养成。不过分追求字词的用法，让学生在轻松的环境中掌握知识及阅读方法，使学习语言变成欣赏语言，欣赏作品，了解文化背景。让学生真正经历阅读的过程。通过本课程的学习，要求学生：1、能读懂英语国家出版的中等难度的文史类题材的文章，阅读速度为每分钟100120个单词，了解中心大意，抓住主要论点或情节，熟悉文章的结构布局。能根据所阅读的材料进行推理，归纳和分析，领会作者的真实意图。2、能在34分钟内快速阅读1000词左右的难度浅易的文章，快速获取所需信息，并能根据阅读技巧推测和判断词义。理解准确率要求以70%80%为合格。3、要求能熟练运用中小型英

6、语词典（如ALD，Longman Dictionary of contemporary English）和初步学会利用图书馆查阅参考书，独立解决大部分语言难点和一些背景知识。4、要求在文化素养方面具有一定的知识面，对英语国家的地理历史、社会状况、文化传统、风俗习惯等有一定了解。该课程主要选材均来自美英报刊，因此具有明显的时效性，而该书大多数文章又都有十年之久，故推荐教材及参考书建议应为现有的具时效性的美英报刊杂志，如纽约时报、华盛顿邮报、洛杉矶时报、华尔街日报、时代、新闻周刊、美国新闻与世界报道、泰晤士报、金融时报、经济学家等。5、要求大量阅读难易程度相当的课外读物并写出读书报告，以进一步提高

7、阅读技能和阅读质量。6、通过该课程的学习，学生能够独立自主地对国内国际时事进行客观评价，并能够以事实为依据，撰写相关论文，不断提高分析问题、解决问题的能力和技能。7、美英报刊文章选读课程的主要内容：（1）英语宣传媒体：谈论、询问信息的主要来源；阅读报刊；了解版面、文体格式；阅读新闻事件以及对其的反应。（2）英语新闻标题：标题的语言特征。（3）文化异同：熟悉新闻标题；指出并比较文化特征与趋向；解释趋向的原因。（4）教育制度：叙述教育体制；描述成长过程中的一段经历；讨论教育问题；提出解决办法；给报纸写一封表达自己看法的正式信函；比较传统的与现代的教育体制。（5）和平与发展：描述当前的形势、发展趋势

8、以及变化；谈论未来的发展模式；争辩；写文章总结。（6）国际财经。（7）环境：查询目录；讨论环境问题；解释原因；提出解决方案；表达恐惧、担忧；批评与辩护；给报纸写批评信。（8）社会问题：讨论社会问题；探讨问题的原因；询问、描述未来的局势；交换意见；权衡问题的相对严重性；提出、评价解决措施；写一篇陈述问题、分析其原因并提出一个可能的解决方案的文章（9）平等：谈论男女作用；讨论平等问题；比较角色与行为；给杂志写信；陈述问题，给予帮助。（10）信息高速公路：扩充与信息技术有关的词汇；区分语言的不同功能；学习信息交流的方法；给出结论；陈述论点；论证构思。英语报刊阅读课程考核说明及模拟试题“英语报刊阅读”

9、是本科开放教育英语专业的选修课程之一。本课程的目的是使学生增强对英语报刊的阅读理解能力，扩大视野，使他们通过学习既能学到新闻语言，又能掌握阅读这些报刊必须具备的有关知识和主要与政治、军事、外交、经济、法律、宗教、文教和科技等有关的词语。课程的重点是培养学生的阅读理解能力。考核方式包括形成性考核和课程终结考试。课程终结考试以考查学生阅读和理解英语报刊的技能，适当包括课程中介绍的读报知识。一、考核对象中央广播电视大学本科开放教育英语专业学生。二、考核方式本课程的考核采取两种形式：形成性考核和终结考试分别以百分制记分。课程总成绩为百分制，形成性考核占20%，课程终结考试占80%。1形成性考核：包括平

10、时作业、参与面授辅导和各项教学活动的情况，以及学生对学习过程的自我监控情况。2课程终结考试：以笔试形式进行。笔试主要包括阅读和翻译，满分为100分。题型主要为选择题，正误判断题，问题回答，翻译等。三、命题依据本课程终结考试的命题依据是中央广播电视大学本科开放教育英语专业教学计划、课程教学大纲以及有周学艺主编、北京大学出版社的美英报刊文章选读（精选本）。四、评价目标本考试重点考查学生对英语报刊的阅读理解能力和对时事政治新闻词语的掌握，并适当考查课程中所介绍的读报知识。五、命题原则课程终结考试的命题根据教材所涵盖的有关中国、美国、英国以及亚洲的新闻内容以及与教材难度相当阅读技能，涉及教材内容不少与

11、50%。命题主要范围为第1、2、3、4、5、8、10、11、13、14、17、18、19、20、21、24、28、29课。六、考试要求本课程终结考试为闭卷考试，考生不得携带任何形式的参考资料和电子读物或工具。七、样题（见模拟试题）英语报刊阅读模拟试题I. Reconstruct the messages of the following headlines of news stories: (10 points) Example: Italian Ex-Mayor Murdered -An Italian Ex-Mayor Is Murdered1. US told not to exploi

12、t Tibet issue2. Rubin, Greenspan at odds3. Visitors flocking to Maos birth place 4. Man quizzed after wife is knifed in sports storeII. Read the following passage and answer the Questions A 5-34 (30 points) and B 35-45 (20 points).Tuition Reform for Higher EducationChinese institutions of higher lea

13、rning have quickened their pace of reform in recent years. Changing enrollment practices and higher tuition fees constitute and important part of the reform. Schools which once admitted students almost exclusively according to state plans are becoming more accepting of students sent by work groups f

14、or further training and those who pay their own fees.Regular universities and colleges plan to enroll about 786 200 students this year, up 158 200 or 25 percent over last years figure. Of these, 216 000, or 27.4 percent, will be sent by their work groups or will pay their own way.In the past, the st

15、ate paid all tuition and school fees for university students, a matter of policy since New China was established in 1949. Although this practice guaranteed the supply of qualified personnel, it brought a heavy burden to the sate, hindering further development of higher education. Since higher educat

16、ion is noncompulsory education in China, to charge appropriate fees will help improve school facilities and expedite the development of education in this stage. As an added benefit, paying their own way will encourage students to study harder.The reform will take effect in two directions. Statefinan

17、ced students will begin paying part of the costs of their education, and more selfpaying students will be accepted.In August 1989, under the direction of the State council, the State Education Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the Sate Price Bureau drew up stipulations concerning the amount of

18、 charges on tuition, accommodation and other expenses for students of institutions of higher learning. Beginning from that year, freshmen at regular universities and colleges and professional schools (including cadres taking special training courses and students working on a second degree) were char

19、ged 100 yuan (about us $17) each for their tuition fee, and this low charge is expected to be raised gradually. The figure was higher in special economic zones and economically developed regions such as Guangdong Province and Shanghai, but was capped at 300 yuan. Students living on campus paid about

20、 20 yuan per year for accommodation and the charge was slightly higher for better furnishing. Normal school students and those admitted on scholarships need only pay for accommodation. Reduced tuitions and fees are available to students in need of financial assistance, but accommodation expenses wil

21、l remain the same.In June 1992, the State Education Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the State Price Bureau decided to allow regular institutions of higher education to set their own tuition rates and charges for accommodation, shortterm training programs, correspondence courses and night sch

22、ool. These should be determined according to the needs of each school, the abilities of students to pay and general conditions in each area. The tuition for students in the sciences and engineering can range from 300 to 500 yuan per academic year. Liberal arts, history and economics students of the

23、fine arts pay 400 to 600 yuan per year, and students of the fine arts 400 to 750 yuan. Statistics for 1992 show students paid an average of 340 yuan in tuition that year, only 5 percent of the real cost.Measures have been taken to limit the possible detrimental affects of rising tuition. Shanghai, f

24、or instance, exempts the children of revolutionary martyrs from paying tuition. And these costs may be reduced or waived for students with limited family financial support as their parents are either both dead or are receiving subsidies from their work units. Some colleges have also set up workstudy

25、 programs to benefit students with financial difficultiesGuidelines concerning selfpaying students were first set out in 1989. The State Education Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the State Price Bureau stipulated that these students should pay 80 percent of the cost of their education. Such

26、students who live on campus pay the standard rate for accommodation and must cover their own medical expenses. The charge for each selfpaying student averaged 2 000 yuan of the cost in 1992, or 30 percent of the cost. Charges for undergraduates and students of special colleges whose education is spo

27、nsored by work units, with payment coming either in part or in full from their units, are somewhat higher. Selfpaying students are not assigned jobs by the state after graduation, whereas students sent by their units will return to them after graduating.Charges for correspondence courses and night s

28、chool are equal to or slightly higher than those for full-time students enrolled according to the state plan.With their improvement of their living standards and the deepening of reform, people in general accept the changes in the tuition system. To facilitate the development of higher education, th

29、e increases in tuition rates will be more flexible and diversified. Student payments will be augmented by finding from the state, enterprises and funds raised from the public. Laws and regulations will by enacted to ensure steady progress, and overseas organizations and individuals are encouraged to

30、 set up and operate schools in China.-21st Century, Apr.20, 1992Reading ComprehensionCircle the letter that best suits the answer or completes the statement.5. Changing enrollment practices and higher tuition fees _.A. pay an important part in the reformB. make up an important part of the reformC. i

31、nclude an important part of the reformD. hold an important part of the reform6. Regular universities and colleges plan to enroll about 786 200 students this year _.A. which is the same as last years figureB. which is more than last years figure by 158 200C. which is 25 per cent over last years figur

32、eD. both B and C7. Among 786 200 students _ will be sent by their work groups or will pay their own way.A. 158 200 B. 21 600C. 27.4 per cent D. 25 per cent8. Since New China was established, all tuition and school fees for university students _A. Were paid by their work groupsB. Were paid by the stu

33、dents themselvesC. Were paid by the stateD. Were paid by the local government9. The policy which the state paid all tuition and school fees for university students _.A. Brought lots of profits to the stateB. Was helpful to further development of higher educationC. Brought many advantages to the stat

34、eD. Brought expense and trouble to the state10. Which statement is not true?A. To charge appropriate fees will help improve school facilities.B. As an added benefit, paying their own way will encourage students to study harder.C. Higher education is compulsory education in China.D. Tuition reform fo

35、r higher education will take effect in two directions.11. Stipulations concerning the amount of charges on tuition, accommodation and other expenses for students of institutions of higher learning was drafted by _.A. the State Education CommissionB. the State CouncilC. the universities and collegesD

36、. the State Education Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the State Price Bureau12. The figure on tuition fee was higher in special economic zones and economically developed regions, but was _.A. fixed at 300 yuan B. limited in 300 yuanC. over 300 yuan D. much more than 300 yuan13. Students in n

37、eed of financial assistance _.A. can get a grantB. need only pay for accommodationC. can get support from the local governmentD. can enjoy reduced tuitions and fees14. According to the stipulations made by the State Education Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the State Price Bureau, the tuitio

38、n for students in the sciences and engineering can _.A. be changed between 300 and 500 yuan per academic year B. be fixed at 300 or 500 yuan per yearC. be set at 400 or 600 yuan per yearD. be extended from 400 to 750 yuan per year15. The children of revolutionary martyrs in Shanghai _.A. enjoy reduc

39、ed tuitionB. enjoy free charge tuitionC. gain allowance from governmentD. receive subsidies from their parents work units16. Stipulations concerning selfpaying students took effect in _.A. 1989 B. 1992C. 1990 D. 199117. Charges for undergraduates and students of special colleges whose education is s

40、ponsored by work units _.A. are set at 2 000 yuan per yearB. are exempted 50 per cent from the whole cost of their educationC. are rather higherD. are exempted 30 percent18. Selfpaying students, after their graduation, _.A. will return to their unitsB. will be appointed to do some work by the stateC

41、. are provided employments by the statD. are not assigned jobs by the state19. Which statement is true?A. The increases in tuition rates can not be changed easily.B. Students payment will be decreased by funding from the state and enterprises.C. Laws and regulations will be made to ensure steady pro

42、gress.D. People in general cant accept the change in the tuition reform.VocabularyChoose the best answer to explain the meaning of the underlined word or phrase.20. Chinese institutions of higher learning have quickened their pace of reform in recent yearA. walking B. stepC. foot D. speed21. Changin

43、g enrollment practices and higher tuition fees constitute an important part of the reform.A. Make up B. establish C. hold D. complete 22. Although this practice guaranteed the supply of qualified personnel, it brought a heavy burden to the state.A. it brought the state expense and troubleB. it broug

44、ht the state sufferingC. it made the state involve in difficultiesD. it caused the state involved in troubles 23. The reform will take effect in two directions.A. will take place B. will come into forceC. will affect D. will have an influence 24. The figure was higher in special economic zones and e

45、conomically developed regions such as Guangdong, province and Shanghai, but was capped at 300 yuan.A. covered B. about C. over D. much more than 25. This Ministry of Finance and the State Price Bureau decided to allow regular institutions of higher education to set their own tuition rates and charge

46、s for accommodation. A. decide B. fix C. put forward D. Both A and B 26. The tuition for students in the sciences and engineering can range from 300 to 500 yuan per academic year.A. be charged between 300 and 500B. set at 300 or 500C. be decided at 300 or 500D. extend from 300 to 500 27. Measures ha

47、ve been taken to limit the possible detrimental affects of rising tuition.A. determined B. damage C. harmful D. influential 28. Shanghai, for instance, exempts the children of revolutionary martyrs from paying tuition.A. charges a little for B. makes free charge forC. reduces the charge for D. Both

48、A and B 29. And these costs may be reduced or waived for students with limited family financial support as their parents are either both dead or are receiving subsidies from their work units.A. insisted on B. not enforced C. charged D. exempted 30. Some colleges have also set up workstudy programs t

49、o benefit students with financial difficulties.A. help B. give money to C. give profits to D. send allowance of money to 31. The State Educational Commission, the Ministry of Finance and the State Price Bureau stipulated that these students should pay 80 percent of the cost of their education.A. arr

50、anged B. advocated C. stated clearly D. stimulated 32. Such students who live on campus pay the standard rate for accommodation and must cover their own medical expenses.A. include B. exempt C. change D. provide money for 33. Selfpaying students are not assigned jobs by the state after graduation, w

51、hereas students sent by their units will return to them after graduation.A. After graduation the state doesnt give employments to the selfpaying studentsB. .After graduation, the state doesnt appoint the selfpaying students to do some workC. After graduation, the self-paying students are not going t

52、o apply for jobsD. All are wrong. 34. To facilitate the development of higher education, the increases in tuition rates will be more flexible and diversified.A. will be more easily bent and variousB. will be more limited and variousC. will be easily changed and in variety to adapt to new conditionsD

53、. will be raised more than beforeB Endangered Trade (The Asian Wall Street Journal, Mar., 1999)Such is the special relationship between America and its NATO partners that while that alliance cooperates to bomb Serbian forces, the U.S. and the EU are managing a trade war against each other. Fortunate

54、ly, no lives are at stake in the latter conflict. Yet if it spreads unchecked, the rest of the world is sure to feel the pain of it.Its hard to decide whether the U.S. or Europe deserves the most contempt for expanding their trade war. The first fight, over bananas, is essentially a struggle between

55、 two fruit distributors with strong political connections. Now Washington and Brussels are escalating their battle over beef, with European farmers stooping to phony science in their claims that hormone-treated American beef is unsafe.In his first term in office, President Bill Clinton teamed up wit

56、h the Republicans to push major free-trade liberalizations. Now, however, he seems bent on pursuing level even if playing fields, torpedoing the world economy. The latest salvo was fired this week, with the U.S. announcing it has targeted close to $1 billion of European products for 100% tariffs if

57、the European Union doesnt drop the hormone nonsense.The move follows an earlier announcement that the U.S. administration will fight Europes banana import regime by hitting a range of European goods with prohibitive tariffs. Add to this renewed American threats to raise the drawbridge to Russian, Ja

58、panese and Brazilian steel, as well as administration support for a congressional vote to ban Concorde flights from Europe in relation for EU threats to refuse landing rights to old-American planes retrofitted with noise reducing technology.Mr. Clinton sounded the protectionist battle cry in his Jan

59、uary State of the Union address, where he vowed to fight for a freer and fairer trading system for 21st century America. In the case of agriculture, when the respective lobbies on both sides of the Atlantic enter the fray, that translates into a sticky situation. On the whole, American farmers are m

60、ajor exporters. And U.S. farmers have a good case on beef hormones. But it is nonetheless dangerous for the U.S. to shut off $1 billion in trade.This is not to excuse the EU. The hormone argument is nonsense. The World Trade Organization has acknowledged as much, ordering the EU to allow imports of

61、American meat by May 13. Brussels has responded by saying that it needs more time because European citizens, who supposedly dont like hormones in their food, would rebel against their governments if American meat suddenly appeared on their store shelves.Were it not for the high stakes involved for b

62、oth producers and consumers, the argument might be amusing. When governments curtail trade the global economy shrinks and for all the jobs saved by protections, there are a lot more lost. The Smoot-Hawley agricultural protections imposed by the U.S. Congress in the late 1920s certainly contributed t

63、o the Great Depression. Mr. Clinton may believe he is fighting the good fight. But weve never thought much of the kind of war where you pose even when you win.Judge whether the following statement are True or False:35. ( ) The Trade war between the U.S. and the EU has cost no lives but is equally dangerous.36. ( ) Its very easy to decide w