初中英语现在完成时

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1、初中英语现在完成时（一）现在完成时态1、现在完成时的定义：现在完成时是表示在过去发生但与现在情况有联系的动作或状态的时态。2、现在完成时的构成：现在完成时是由“助动词have/has+动词过去分词”构成的。 助动词have/has可以与主语缩写为ve/s。e.g. I have Ive We have Weve He has Hes It has Its 规则变化的过去分词与动词过去式一样。不规则变化的动词过去分词见表。3、现在完成时的基本句型。陈述句肯定形式。e.g. I have had lunch. 我已经吃过午饭了。He has gone to Beijing. 他去北京了。陈述句否定

2、形式。（在助动词have/has后+not，可缩写为havent/hasnt）e.g. I havent had lunch. 我还未吃午饭。He hasnt gone to Beijing. 他还没有去北京。一般疑问句形式及其答语。（将助动词have/has提前，答语一般用have, has回答） e.g. Have you had lunch? 你吃过午饭了没？Yes, I have. No, I havent.Has he gone to Beijing? 他去过北京了没有？Yes, he has. No, he hasnt.否定回答还可以用：No, not yet. / No, nev

3、er. / No, not even once等。特殊疑问句形式。（疑问词+一般疑问句）e.g. Where has he gone? 他去了哪里？4、现在完成时的三个基本用法。(1) 现在完成时的第一个基本用法表示过去发生或已完成的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或结果。e.g. Have you had lunch? Yes, I have. Ive just had it.你吃过午饭没？有，吃过了，我刚刚吃的。（影响及结果：我现在饱了，不需要了） He has gone to Beijing.他已经去北京了。（影响及结果：他人现在不在这里了）该用法常already(已经), never(从不)

4、, ever(曾经), yet(仍然), just(刚刚), before(以前)等副词(作状语)连用。 already, just, ever, never常用于助动词之后，实义动词之前。already, just多用于肯定陈述句。e.g. She has already finished her work. 她早已干完了活。Would you like to go to see the film? No, Ive seen it already.不，我已经看过了。(already偶尔会出现于句末)They have just won a game. 他们刚刚赢了一场比赛。有时already

5、可以用于疑问句，表示期待肯定回答，或表示惊讶、意外。e.g. Have you finished reading the book already? 你真的已经读完这本书了？(表示惊讶)ever多用于疑问句，问初次经历。e.g. Have you ever spoken to a foreigner? 你跟外国人讲过话吗？（问初次经历）初中英语语法 现在完成时练习题一、单项选择1、Both his parents look sad .Maybe they _whats happened to him . knew . have known . must know .will know2、He

6、has _ been to Shanghai , has he ?. already .never .ever . still3、Have you met Mr Li _？. just . ago .before . a moment ago4、The famous writer _ one new book in the past two year. is writing .was writing .wrote .has written 5、-Our country _ a lot so far .-Yes . I hope it will be even _ . has changed ;

7、 well . changed ; good. has changed ; better . changed ; better6、Zhao Lan _already _in this school for two years . was ; studying . will ; study. has ; studied . are ; studying7、We _ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . know . had known . have known . Knew 8、Harry Potter is a very nice film .I_ it

8、twice . will see . have seen . saw .see9、-These farmers have been to the United States . -Really ? When _ there ?. will they go . did they go. do they go . have they gone10、-_ you _ your homework yet ?-Yes . I _ it a moment ago . Did ; do ; finished . Have ; done ; finished. Have ; done ; have finis

9、hed . will ; do ; finish11、 His father _ the Party since 1978 . joined . has joined . was in . has been in12、-Do you know him well ?- Sure .We _ friends since ten years ago . were . have been . have become . have made13、-How long have you _ here ?-About two months . been . gone . come . arrived14、Hu

10、rry up! The play _ for ten minutes . has begun . had begun . has been on. began15、 It _ ten years since he left the army . . is . has . will . was16、 Miss Green isnt in the office . she_ to the library .has gone . went .will go . has been17、My parents _ Shandong for ten years . have been in . have b

11、een to. have gone to . have been18、The students have cleaned the classroom, ? A. so they B. dont they C. have they D. havent they19、has Mr White been a member of Greener China since he_ to China?A. How soon, comes B. How often, got C. How long, came D. How far, arrived20、 His uncle for more than 9 y

12、ears.A. has come here B. has started to workC. has lived there D. has left the university二、句型转换3、The old man _ last year. He for a year. (die) （动词填空）4、This factory opened twenty years ago.(同义句转换) This factory _ for twenty years.5、Miss Gao left an hour ago. (同义句转换)Miss Gao _ _ _ _ an hour ago.6、Her m

13、other has been a Party member for three years .（同义句）Her mother _ the Party three years _ .7、The Green Family moved to France two years ago. (同义句转换) _ two years _ the Green family moved to Fra nce.8、The bus has arrived here. It arrived ten minutes ago. (把两个句子合并成一个句子) _ 三、汉译英4、 她还没有看过那部新电影。5、 她去过上海。6、

14、 他这些天上哪儿去了？参考答案：一、单项选择。1、现在完成时主要强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，或过去发生的动作还未结束，一直持续到现在或将来，重点在于对现在的影响。这种考查难度较大，往往无时间状语，需要从上下文分析、推理才行。故上两侧根据上下文分析、推理，正确答案是。2、现在完成时常与already（已经），just（刚刚，正好），ever（曾经），never（从来，也不；从不），before（以前），yet（仍然）等连用。故2应选B。3、C4、现在完成时常与recently（近来），so far（到目前为止），in the past/last + 一段时间等时间状语连用。因为上述短语表

15、示的是从现在起往前推算的一段时间，句中的动作是从过去某一时间或时刻开始持续到现在的。故4应选D。5、C6、现在完成时时常与for +时间段或since +过去时间点连用（含从句，从句过去时）。故6应选C。7、C8、现在完成时还与once（一次），twice（两次），three times（三次），several times（几次）等表示重复次数的词语连用。故8应选B。9、现在完成时与一般过去时容易混淆，就是因为它们所表示的动作都发生在过去，但二者又有区别：一般过去时表示过去某个时间发生的事、存在的状态或经常发生的动作，说话的侧重点在于陈述一件过去的事情，与现在没有关系；现在完成时表示与现在有关

16、系的发生在过去的动作，它不与表示过去的时间状语（如yesterday , last week , a moment ago等）连用。故9的正确答案为B。10、B11、现在完成时中，非延续性动词不能与for和since引导的表示一段时间的状语连用，通常是用相应的延续性动词来代替。故11的正确答案依次为：D。12、B 13、A 14、C 15、A。16、have/has gone to + 地点表示某人去了某地（还未回来），指主语所指的人不在这儿。have/has been in + 地点表示在某地呆了多长时间，常与表示时间的状语连用。have/has been to +地点表示曾经去过某地（但现

17、在已不在那儿）。故16的正确答案为A。17、A 18、D 19、C 20、C二、句型转换。1、has he? 2、How long 3、died, has been dead 4、has been open 5、has been away 6、joined；ago7、It is, since 8、The bus has been here for ten minutes.三、汉译英。1、Jim has finished doing his homework already. He is free now.2、He received a letter yesterday.3、My father

18、has been to the Great Wall before.4、She hasnt seen the new film yet.5、She has been to Shanghai.6、Where has he been these days？ 初中英语过去完成时态的用法及专项练习 总体上说它属于“过去”这一时间段内发生的事情，它表达的是在某个过去动作或时间点之前发生的动作，简单地说就是“过去的过去”发生的事情。过去完成时的构成很简单，即 had + 动词的过去分词。例如：had done, had gone, had built 等等。一、过去完成时的主要用法1、表示在过去动作之前已

19、经发生的动作或存在的状态。比如说，A事件发生在一个月前，而B事件发生两个月前，那么B事件比A事件还要早发生，它就要使用过去完成时。例如：Most of the guest had left when he arrived at the party. （即：客人在他到之前已经离开了。）They had already had breakfast before they arrived at the hotel.（即：吃饭在先，他们到达在后。）注意：在上面两个例句，虽然表达时间的连词不同（when当时；before在前），但两件事发生的先后顺序很明显。请同学们不要被when, before之类的词

20、搞混淆了，关键要抓住两件事情的先后关系。2、表达在过去某个确定的时间之前发生的事或状态。例如：How many English films had you seen by the end of last term ?在这个例句中，没有两个事件作比较。但是，它有一个明确的时间作参考，即last year明确了告诉我们是“过去”时间，而 by the end of last year说的是在last year之前完成的动作，因此它也是“过去的过去”，可以用过去完成时。请同学们仔细阅读下面的例句，注意时间的先后关系和动作的先后顺序：I had finished writing my composit

21、ion by 10:00 this morning.（今天上午10：00点以前，我已经写完了我的作文。）She had searched the internet for two hours when she found an ad for the Canon digital camera.（当她找到了佳能数码照相机的广告时，她已经在因特网上查询了两个小时。）I went over what I had written again and again so that I wouldnt make any mistakes.（我一遍又一遍地检查了我所写的内容，以至我没有出现任何错误。）The f

22、ilm had already begun when I got to the cinema . （ 当我到电影院时，电影已经开始了。）过去完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间开始，持续到过去另一时间的动作或状态。例如： He had worked in the factory for five years before he moved here . （ 在他搬到这儿以前，他已经在那家工厂工作了五年。） I saw Li Ping yesterday . We had not seen each other since I left Beijing . （ 我昨天看见李平了。自从我离开北京，我们就

23、没见过面。）By the time I got there, it had already finished.When she got to the check-out, she realized she had left her purse at home. He said he had never seen Xiao Wang beforeAnn had lived in a cottage for sixty years ever since she was born.He arrived at 230. He had been told to wait in the VIP loung

24、e3、在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句。 She said (that) she had never been to Paris. 4、when引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式) by短语 by the time引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式) before引导的从句(注：从句谓语动词为过去式)例如：（1）Tom was disappointed that most of the guests _ when he _ at the party.A. left；had arrived B. left；arrived C. had le

25、ft；had arrived D. had left；arrived解析：正确答案为D。guests先“离开”，Tom后“到达”。（2）We _ four thousand new words by the end of last year.A. had learned B. have learned C. learned D. will have learned解析：根据by短语中的last year得知是到去年年末，正确选项为A。（3）He had already built his own lab by the time he was ten.到十岁时，他已经建起了自己的实验室。（4）

26、He had studied English for five years before he came here.来这儿之前，他已经学过五年英语了。5、（1）主语hadhardly(scarcely)过去分词when(before)主语一般过去时。（2）主语hadno sooner过去分词than主语一般过去时。例如：They had no sooner got home than it began to rain.他们一到家，天就下起雨来。_ got into the room，_ the telephone rang.他一到家，电话就响了。A. He hardly had；then B.

27、 Hardly had he；when C. He had not；that D. Not had he；when 解析：正确答案为B。当否定词hardly，scarcely，no sooner放在句首时，主谓要倒装6、根据上下文的时间关系来确定用过去完成时。例如：1. The pen I _ I _ is on my desk，right under my nose.那支我以为已经丢了的钢笔。在我的桌子上，就在我的鼻子底下。A. think；lost B. thought；had lost C. think；had lost D. thought；have lost 解析：正确答案为B。“丢

28、笔”是在“认为”之前发生的动作。2. Helen _ her keys in the office so she had to wait until her husband _home.海伦把钥匙忘在了办公室，所以她不得不等到丈夫回家。A. has left；comes B. left；had come C. had left；came D. had left；would come解析：正确答案为C。had to wait说明事情发生在过去，而“忘带钥匙”的动作发生在“等丈夫回家”之前。7、表示过去未曾实现的愿望、打算或意图，用过去完成时。常用动词有：hope，think，expect，int

29、end，mean，suppose，want等。例如：They had wanted to help but couldnt get here in time.他们本来是要来帮忙的，但未能及时赶到。8、It was时间since主语过去完成时。例如：They asked me to have a drink with them. I said that it was at least ten years since I _ a good drink.他们邀请我和他们喝酒，我说，我已经至少十年没有好好喝过了。A. had enjoyed B. was enjoying C. enjoyed D.

30、had been enjoying 正确答案为A。二、下列情况一般不能用过去完成时下列三种情况不用过去完成时：1、句中如yesterday , last year , in 1986 , three days ago等明确地表示过去时间的状语，谓语动词必须用一般过去时。例如： Peter didnt play football yesterday . （ 彼得昨天没有踢足球。）2、在叙述两件以上的事件时，如果事件之间连接地很紧凑的一系列的动作，一般仍用一般过去时而不用过去完成时。例如： They decided to stay here , and so they built their ho

31、uses and made their farms . （ 他们决定呆在这儿，所以他们建了房子，开垦了农场。 ）三、过去完成的否定句和疑问句1、否定句 had not .例如：I hadnt learnt Lesson 20 yet.2、疑问句 Had.?例如：Had you ever seen such an exciting match before? Yes, I had. / No, I hadnt.四、 一般过去时和过去完成时用法有哪些不同？ 1. 在主从复合句中的用法不同 （1） 用在宾语从句中 在主句谓语为一般过去时的宾语从句中，既可用一般过去时，也可用过去完成时。但两种时态的意

32、义明显不同。试比较下列两组句子： She said she was a doctor. 她说她是位医生。（说话时仍为医生） She said she had been a doctor.她说她曾当过医生。（说话时已不是） She said she had been a doctor for twenty years.她说她当过20年的医生。（主要强调说话时已当过20年医生，此状态可能已经结束，也可能还没有） 但是，如果从句中有表示具体时间的状语，则常用一般过去时。例如： He said he was born in 1986. 他说他是 1986年出生的。 （2） 用在含有after的主从复合

33、句中 在含有after的主从复合句中，一般在从句中使用过去完成时，主句中使用一般过去时。例如： After he had done his homework, he went out to play football. 因连词after本身能明确表示时间的先后关系，因而多数的主句和从句均使用一般过去时。例如： After he arrived in England, Marx worked hard to improve his English. （3） 用在含有before的主从复合句中 用在含有before的主从复合句中，一般在从句中使用一般过去时，主句中使用过去完成时。例如： Lily

34、had written some letters before she went out shopping. 有时，也可以在从句中用过去完成时，主句中用一般过去时，这样就可使描述更为生动。试比较： We got to the station before the train had left. 火车尚未开动之前，我们就到了车站。 We had got to the station before the train left. 火车开出之前，我们就已经到了车站。 像after一样， before本身就能明确地表示时间的先后关系，故多数主从句均使用一般过去时，而无需使用过去完成时。例如： Many

35、 people left for home before the film ended.电影尚未放完，许多人就起身回家了。 （4） 用在含有when的主从复合句中 由于when本身不能明确表示时间的先后关系，故先发生的动作应用过去完成时，后发生的动作只需用一般过去时。这样用过去完成时的可能是主句，也可能是从句。例如： When all his money had been used up, Peter had to turn to a friend for help. 当他的钱全都用光时，彼得只好转而求助于一个朋友。 有时，主句和从句的谓语动词的先后关系十分明确，两个动作紧接着发生，前一动作导

36、致后一动作，这时两者均用一般过去时即可。例如： When the meeting was over, we left the hall. 散会后，我们就离开了大厅。 2. 叙述几个连续的动作用法不同 在叙述两个或两个以上接连发生的动作用and， but， so或then等连接并按时间发生的先后顺序叙述时，只需用一般过去时。例如： She entered the room, turned on the light and found everything stolen. I lost my pen but soon found it. She lost her pen, so I lent he

37、r mine. 但是，如果两个先后发生的动作不是按时间的顺序排列或叙述时，为明确动作发生的先后顺序，先发生的动作就得用过去完成时。例如： The farmers were in high spirits because they had got another good harvest. 农民们兴高采烈，因为他们又获得了一次好收成。 3. 表示与过去还是现在相反的情况不同 一些表示心理活动的动词，如think， know， expect， mean， hope， want， suppose等，用一般过去时可表示存在于过去而非现在的心理活动或事与愿违的情况。例如： I didnt know yo

38、u were here. 我不知道你在这儿。 而这些词的过去完成时则表示的是过去未曾实现的愿望、打算、想法或意图等。例如： We had hoped that you would be able to visit us. 我们原本希望你去看我们。现在完成时与过去完成时的区别学生往往在初学现在完成时和过去完成时感到比较容易掌握，但在实际运用中却难以准确把握。究其原因主要是对两者的区别认识不清。下面将两者的区别概括总结如下：（一）从概念上区别初中英语过去完成时态的用法及专项练习 - 过去 现在 将来通过以上图示，我们可以看出：现在完成时表示过去发生的某一动作对现在造成的结果或影响，也可指过去开始延

39、续到现在的动作或状态。过去完成时表示在过去某一动作或时间以前已发生或完成的动作，也可指从过去某时开始到过去某时为止的动作或状态，即“过去的过去”。（二）从结构上区别 现在完成时：主语 + have / has + 过去分词 （肯定式） 主语 + have / has + not + 过去分词 （否定式） Have / Has + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式） 过去完成时：主语 + had + 过去分词 （肯定式） 主语 +had + not + 过去分词 （否定式） Had + 主语 + 过去分词 （疑问式）（三）从时间状语区别 现在完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “now, today, t

40、onight, this week, this year, already, yet, just, recentlyetc”。 过去完成时: 常用的时间状语包括 “by, at, before, until, when, after, once, as soon as等构成的短语”。 注意：当表示一段时间，现在完成时和过去完成时都可以用for 或since引导的状语。 例如：Have you had your lunch yet? 你吃午饭了吗？ Yes, I have . Ive just had it. 是的，我刚吃完。 I have had a clock now. 我现在有一个闹钟了。

41、 Have you already posted the photos? 你把照片寄走了吗？ The meeting had begun when we got there. 我们到那儿时，会议已经开始了。 We had learned about 5000English words by the end of last term. 到上学期末我们已经学了5000个英语单词。 They had done the work at five oclock. 在五点钟的时候他们已经完成了那项工作。 Ive known Li Lei for three years. 我认识李蕾已经三年了。 I hav

42、e worked here since ten years ago. 自从十年前我就在这工作。 We had not heard from him since we left here. 自从我们离开以来一直没有收到他的来信。 They had then been without sleep for twenty-four hours. 这时他们已经有24个小时没有合眼了。（四）使用时注意事项 使用现在完成时应该注意： 1.“ have/ has got ”形式上是一种完成时，但和have/ has 为同一意义，即 “有”。例如：Have you got a pen-friend? 你有笔友吗

43、？ Yes, I have. 是的，我有。 Has he got a lot of work to do? 他有许多工作要做吗？ No, he hasnt. 不，他没有。2. have/ has gone to 与 have/has been to 的区别 have/ has gone to 强调“去而未归”； have/ has been to 强调“去而归还”。 have/ has been to常和once, twice, never, ever连用； have/ has gone to则不可。例如： Have Jack ever been to Beijing? 杰克去过北京吗？ Ye

44、s, hes been there several times. 是的，他去过好几次了 Where have Mary and Tom gone? 玛丽和汤姆去哪里了？ Theyve gone to London. 他们去伦敦了。3.非延续性动词不能用于“现在完成时 + 表示一段时间的状语”的句型中。 这类动词有：come, go, start, leave, die, buy, finish, join, borrow, stop等。但它们能够 用表示持续状态的相应的延续性动词替换句中的终止性动词。例如： arrive, come be here, be in begin, start be

45、 on buy have die be dead fall asleep(ill) be asleep (ill) finish, end be over get to know know get up be up go out be out join be in , be a + 名词 leave, move be away, be out of使用过去完成时应该注意： 如果两个动作紧接着发生，则常常不用过去完成时。例如：When she came into the room, she found them sitting together singing. 她进屋时看见他们坐在一起唱歌。A

46、fter we said good-bye to our friends, we left the village.在和朋友告别之后我们就离开村子。同学们除了要掌握以上所述的内容外，在做题时，要结合具体的语境或其它一些暗示选择正确的时态。 过去完成时练习题( )(1)The police found that the house _and a lot of things_.A. has broken into, has been stolen B. had broken into, had been stolenC. has been broken into, stolen D. had be

47、en broken into, stolen( )(2)By the end of this century, we_ ours into a strong modern country.A. will build B. had builtC. have built D. will have built( )(3)We _the work by six yesterday evening.A. finished B.would finishC. had finished D. had been finished( )(4)I _to help you but couldnt get here

48、in time.A. want B. had wanted C. have wanted D. was wanting( )(5) Mrs. Wu told me that her sister_.A. left about two hours before B. would leave about two hours beforeC. has left about two hours ago D. had left about two hours before( ) (6)When I reached home, my parents _their supper.A.are having B

49、.have already hadC.have hadD. had already had( ) (7)It seems that the old man _something important.A.has lost B. had lost C. lostD. would lose( ) (8)She _in this school _the past ten years.A.was teaching, since B. had been teaching, sinceC.would teach, forD. has been teaching, for( ) (9)Did you see

50、Xiao Li at the party? No, _by the time I arrived.A.shed left B.shes left C. She was left D.she must leave( ) (10)The job proved to be much more difficult than I_.A. expect B.expected C. would expect D.had expected( ) (11)We couldnt catch up with the others because they _too long before us.A.started

51、B.were starting C.have started D.had started( ) (12)She felt anxious about her son as she _for quite a long time.A.havent heard him B. hadnt heard himC.havent heard from him D. hadnt heard from him( ) (13)By the time the speaker entered the hall, all the listeners_.A. had seated B. were seated C. se

52、ated D. were seating( ) (14)By the end of next July this building_.A. will be finished B. will have finishedC. will have been finished D. had been finished( ) (15)By the time the war _, most of the people had left.A.was began B. was broken outC.broke out D. had been broken out( ) (16)If she _harder,

53、 she would have succeeded.A. had worked B. have worked C. should work D. worked( ) (17)I wish _I you yesterday.A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see( )(18)He is talking so much about America as if he _ there. A. had been B.has been C. was D. been( ) (19)That dinner was the most expensive mea

54、l we_.A. would have B. have had C. had never had D. had ever had( )(20)When Jack arrived he learned Mary _for almost an hour.A. had gone B. had set of C. had left D. had been away二多项选择1I lost the book I Ahave bought Bbought Chad bought Dhad beenbought2The bus had gone when I at the bus stopAhave arr

55、ived Barrived Chad arrived Damarriving3Tom of visiting his grandmother，but the badbut the bad weather made him change his miAhas thought Bthought Chad thought Dhadbeen thought4Did you meet Tom at the airport？ No，he by the time I thereAhas left；got Bhad left；arrivedCleft；arrived Dleft；had got5Why didnt Tom attend the meeting yesterday？ He BeijingAhas gone to Bhad gone to Cwent to Dhadbeen to6I to come to help youBut you didnt comeAhave meant Bhad meant Cmeant Dwill mean7Finally Mary was admitted by Beijing University，for which she five timesAhad tried Bwas trying C