2021版高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit12CultureShock教师用书北师大版必修4

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1、2021版高三英语一轮复习第1部分基础知识解读Unit12CultureShock教师用书北师大版必修4Unit 12Culture Shock(对应学生用书第84页)单词拼写应用.考纲单词会拼写、要识记1owevt.欠(情、债等)2briefadj.短暂的，简短的3exchangevt.兑换，交换4laughtern.笑；笑声5bookvt.预约，预订6noveln.(长篇)小说7headmastern.校长8requestn.请求9familiaradj.熟悉的，常见的10arrivaln.到达，抵达11aspectn.方面12outgoingadj.友好的，乐于交友的13earthqua

2、ken.地震14belongvi.适应；属于15birthplacen.出生地16fondadj.喜爱17broadadj.各种各样的；广阔的18minorityn.少数，少数民族19unfairadj.不公平的20forgivevt.宽恕，饶恕21chequen.支票22indicatevt.表明；表示23canteenn.食堂，餐厅24appetiten.胃口，食欲25detectiven.侦探26contraryadj.相反的27previewn.预告；预演，预展.派生单词能辨别1apologyn.道歉，认错 apologizev.道歉，辩解，赔不是2absorbvt.理解，掌握；吸收

3、absorbedadj.被吸引住的 absorbingadj.吸引人的3expectationn.期待的事物，预期 expectvt.期待，预料，指望 expectedadj.预期的，预料的4majorityn.大半，大多数 majoradj.主要的；重要的5reasonn.理由 v.推论 reasonableadj.合理的，正当的6curiousadj.好奇的 curiouslyadv.奇怪地；好奇地 curiosityn.好奇7movev.移动；感动 movementn.动作；活动 movableadj.可移动的 movedadj.感动的 movingadj.令人感动的8formaladj

4、.正式的 formallyadv.正式地 informaladj.非正式的9cautionn.小心，谨慎 cautiousadj.小心翼翼的，谨慎的10educatev.教育 educationn.教育 educatorn.教育者 educatedadj.有教养的11addvt.增加；补充说 additionn.相加，增加物 additionaladj.附加的，补充的12injurevt.伤害 injuryn.伤害 injuredadj.伤害的.语境应用(用所给词的适当形式填空)1I dont want to get too absorbed(absorb) in modeling.(2017

5、全国卷)2In a further twist, birth rate is highest in poorly educated(educate) rural areas.(2017江苏高考)3If I have made any mistakes，Im ready to apologize(apology)4Since her arrival(arrive) at the company，she has reorganized several departments.5Her husband is cautious(caution)，never making a swift decisio

6、n about anything.6You should know the additional(addition) responsibilities that are incidental to the job.7Parents owe their children privacy and respect for their personal belongings(belong)8The boy is curiously watching what the old man is doing in the garden and he is always curious about the wo

7、rld outside and shows great curiosity about what is going on in nature.(curious)9The couple moved into the movable house and they felt much moved to see the moving movie after moving into the new house.(movement)10Three people were killed and five injured in the crash.The doctor said two of the inju

8、red had serious injuries(injure)拓展联想单复数同形名词知多少manners礼貌means方法news新闻series丛书Swiss瑞士人deer鹿beer啤酒spacecraft航天器“伤害”动词小聚wound伤害hurt受伤damage损害harm伤害impair损害destroy破坏；损坏“说”之种种insist坚持说joke开玩笑地说add继续说complain抱怨说go on接着说warn警告说come on说吧whisper低声说短语多维应用.短语回顾会默写1get used to习惯于2give.a lift让搭车，搭便车3see.off给(某人)送

9、行4belong to属于5insist on坚持，坚决要求6stare at盯着看；凝视7be attached to附属于8sound like听起来像9in poor condition状况不好10be sensitive to对敏感11at least至少12contrary to与相反13put/bring an end to结束14loads of许多，大量.语境应用(用上述短语的适当形式填空)1I found the job tiring at first but I soon got used to it.2After Tom saw Frank off at the bus

10、station，he went to the post office to post the letter.3Contrary to most managers opinion，the young manager voiced his unique view.4A final battle put/brought the war to an end，and then the country had been in peace for many years.5The young man insisted on being sent to where he was most needed.6The

11、 fresh air belongs equally to us all，we should protect it being polluted.7That sounds like Bill coming up the stairs.8They stared at the strange sight in silent wonder.9Ive got loads of friends whore unemployed.10Ive known her at least as long as you have.拓展联想无被动语态短语大全date from始于belong to属于suffer fr

12、om遭受come true变成现实take place发生break out爆发聚焦“看”相关短语look around环顾；四下察看look down俯视；向下看look up仰望；抬头往上看glare at怒视stare at盯着看；凝视glance at浏览；粗略地看句式结构仿写教材原句会背诵句式仿写能应用1.特殊疑问词不定式Decide where to go on holiday with a friend.1.曾有一段时间，我不知道如何与同学相处。There was a time when I didnt know how to get along with my classmat

13、es.2.have a difficult time (in) doing sth.“有一段较为困难的时光”When I first arrived in San Francisco，I had a difficult time understanding certain aspects of the American way of doing things.2.在你休息后，你回到工作状态会感到困难吗？After you take a break，do you have a difficult time going back to work？3.the last time引导时间状语从句I h

14、ad a similar experience the last time I visited China.3.上次我游黄山时被它的美景迷住了。I was attracted by the beautiful scenery of Mount Huang the last time I visited it.(对应学生用书第86页)精讲8个考纲单词 owe vt.欠(情、债等)；归功于教材原句I certainly owe you an apology for not writing more often.没有多给你写信我真的非常抱歉。owe sb. sth.owe sth. to sb.欠某

15、人某物owe.to.把归功于；归因于owing to因为；由于owe it to sb.that.多亏了某人We owe these achievements to the strength of reform and openingup and the persevering spirit of the Chinese nation.我们把这些成就归功于改革开放以及中华民族不屈不挠的精神。The country owes foreign countries billions of dollars.The country owes billions of dollars to foreign

16、countries.这个国家欠外债数十亿美元。 链接写作 【导学号：33220043】你应当把你的成功归功于你的母亲。(普通表达)You should owe your success to your mother.(高级表达)You should owe it to your mother that you are successful. absorb vt.理解；掌握；吸收高考佳句However，when something did interest me，I could become absorbed.(2016北京高考阅读理解A)然而，当有东西使我感兴趣时，我会很投入。(1)absor

17、b.from.从中吸收absorb.into.把吸收进absorb oneself in全神贯注于absorb/attract/draw one attention 吸引某人的注意(2)absorbed adj.全神贯注的(be) absorbed in.全神贯注于be absorbed by/into被吞并(吸引)Plants absorb carbon dioxide from the air and moisture from the soil.植物从空气中吸收二氧化碳并从土壤中汲取水分。Look，they absorb themselves (they) in the experime

18、nt.快看，他们在专心做实验。A weak ray of light came in through a small hole in the wall and he was absorbed in his reading.一缕微弱的光线从墙上的小孔中透过来，他正在专心致志地读书。 exchange vt.兑换，交换 n兑换，交换教材原句Talking of moneyits really easy to exchange travellers cheques at banks or hotels so I advise you to get some of those before you c

19、ome.谈到钱，在银行或饭店交换旅行支票，非常容易，所以我建议你来之前准备一些支票。(1)exchange sth. for sth.以某物交换某物exchange sth. with sb.与某人交换某物(2)make an exchange交换in exchange for sth.交换某物If the course fails to provide complete satisfaction to you，you can easily exchange it for any other course that we offer.如果这门课程不能让你完全满意，你可以很容易地更换我们提供的其

20、他任何一门课程。Exchange your idea with your partner and then write it down.与你的同伴交换想法然后记录下来。Ive offered to paint the kitchen in exchange for a weeks holiday.我主动提出粉刷厨房作为一周假期的交换。 majority n大半，大多数教材原句But even though some British people are quite strange，the majority of them are really friendly and Ive made som

21、e good friends.虽然有些英国人十分古怪，但是大多数人都很友好，我已经结交了一些好朋友。(1)a/the majority of的大多数in a/the majority占大多数by/with a majority of以多数票(2)minority n.少数in the minority占少数The white are in the majority in Australia while the native people in the minority.在澳大利亚，白人占多数而土著人反而占少数。The majority are/is (be) in favour of bann

22、ing smoking in public.大多数人支持禁止在公共场合吸烟。The majority of the damage is (be) easy to repair.大部分损失容易补救。An agreement seems to be impossible because the majority of the committee members are (be) against it.好像是不可能达成协议了，因为大多数委员们反对。名师点津(1)“a/the majority of名词”作主语时，其后谓语动词的单复数取决于of后名词的数。(2)the majority作主语时，谓语动

23、词既可以用复数，也可以用单数。 链接写作 【导学号：33220044】如果你想参加，你的照片应当发送到intlphotoshow 。(2016全国卷书面表达)(普通表达)If you want to join，your photos should be sent to intlphotoshow .(高级表达)It is requested that your photos should be sent to intlphotoshow if you want to join. request vt.&n.请求；要求高考佳句You can talk to the robot，ask it qu

24、estions，and make requests for it to perform different tasks.(2015天津高考阅读理解B)你可以跟机器人说话，问它问题，要求它来完成不同的任务。(1)make (a) request for/that.请求；要求at sb.s requestat the request of sb.应某人之要求(2)request sb. to do sth.请求某人做某事request that.(should) do sth.请求It is requested that.(should) do sth.据要求The professor came

25、to our school to give lectures at our request.这位教授应邀来我校讲课。My parents requested me to learn (learn) a second foreign language.我父母要求我再学一门外语。It is requested that all the visitors (should) not take (take) pictures of the exhibitions.要求所有的参观者不要对展品进行拍照。 链接写作 【导学号：33220045】It is requested that all the club

26、 members attend the annual meeting.All the club members are requested to attend the annual meeting. familiar adj.熟悉的，常见的教材原句Jin Li found the American way of life familiar soon after her arrival in the USA.金丽到达美国后不久，她就发现美国人的生活方式对她来说很熟悉。(1)sb. be familiar with sth.某人对某物很熟悉sth. be familiar to sb.sth. b

27、e known to sb.某物为某人所熟悉(2)be similar to与相似I believe these donated books will not only make you more familiar with China but help enhance your Chinese.我认为这些捐赠的书不仅能使你更熟悉中国，而且有助于提高你的汉语。Although the dragon is quite familiar to most Chinese，nobody has ever seen a real one.尽管龙的形象对大多数中国人来说都是很熟悉的，可是没有一个人见过真龙

28、。 attach vt.系，固定；附上，贴上；喜欢，依恋教材原句At first，we didnt feel we belong here，but now we are attached to the land we live on.起初，我们认为我们并不属于这里，但是现在我们已与我们所居住的土地紧紧地联系在一起了。(1)attach.to.把固定到/附在上attach importance/significance/value to认为有重要性/意义/价值attach oneself to sb.与某人在一起，缠着某人(2)(be) attached to附属于；依恋My parents a

29、lways attach importance to my getting a good education.我的父母一直非常重视让我接受良好的教育。The middle school attached (attach) to Beijing Normal University is wellknown across the country.北师大附中是一所全国知名的中学。 bear vi.&vt.容忍，忍受；承担(责任)；支撑；承受；生育；出生；结(果实)；携带教材原句I cant bear the way the native Australians have been treated.我

30、不能忍受对待澳大利亚土著人的方式。(1)cant bear doing/to do sth.不能忍受做某事cant bear sb./sb.s doing/to do sth.不能忍受某人做某事(2)bear a heavy burden肩负重担bear responsibility/the blame承担责任/受责备(3)bear/keep sth. in mind记住bear/keep in mind that.记住I couldnt bear to listen/listening any longer，so I left the room.我实在听不下去了，便离开了房间。Bearing

31、 (bear) a heavy burden，she has to work hard to bring up her children.肩负重担，她必须努力工作抚养孩子。You may choose any theme you like.However，you should bear an essential point in mind.你可以选择任何你喜欢的主题，但关键的一条你应牢记于心。诠释3个核心短语 get used to习惯于教材原句Youre going to have to get used to bacon and eggs with a few slices of toas

32、t for breakfast over here，Aunt Mei!梅姨，你得适应这里咸肉、鸡蛋加几片烤面包的早饭！get/be used to(doing) sth.习惯于(做)某事be used to do sth./for (doing) sth.被用来做某事be used as.作为来使用used to do sth.过去常常做某事When he was young，he used to go (go) there on foot.Now he has got used to going (go) there by bike，though his bike is used to pi

33、ck (pick) up his grandson sometimes.当他年轻的时候，他常步行去那儿。现在他习惯于骑自行车去那里，虽然他有时用自行车去接他的孙子。 see.off给送行教材原句He insisted on walking me to the station to see me off.他坚持陪我走到车站为我送行。see through sb./sth.看透，识破；做完(某项工作)see to sb./sth.照料；注意；处理see to it that.确保/保证seeing that.因为，由于，鉴于Dont fool me；I can see through your t

34、ricks!别愚弄我了，我能识破你的把戏。Im so glad youve come here to see to this matter in person.我很高兴你亲自来这里处理这个问题。Seeing (see) that youre already at the door，I suppose I must invite you inside.鉴于你已到了门口，我想我必须邀请你入内。 bring an end to结束，制止教材原句The arrival of white people gradually brought an end to the traditional Aborigi

35、nal way of life.白人的到来逐渐终结了传统土著人的生活方式。come to an end结束，告终使结束；终结at the end of.在结束时；最终The meeting didnt come to an end until 12 oclock.会议直到12点才结束。Only through political solution could we put an end to the violence.只有通过政治上的解决方案我们才能结束暴力。名师点津(1)在end的习语bring an end to，put an end to，come to an end中，用an不用the

36、。(2)bring an end to sth.可以转化为bring sth. to an end，但put an end to不可改为put.to an end。突破2个高考句型 (教材P39)Decide where to go on holiday with a friend.定好和朋友到哪儿去度假。句中where to go on holiday.为“特殊疑问副词不定式”结构，在句中作宾语。(1)特殊疑问词后跟动词不定式构成的短语，可以在句子中作主语、宾语、表语，还可以作定语。(why和if后不能直接跟动词不定式)(2)在“特殊疑问代词不定式”结构中，不定式往往与前面的疑问代词构成动宾

37、关系，不定式结构用主动语态。(3)此类不定式短语作定语时，通常仅限于“介词which不定式”结构。How to divide labor among the workers is still a question.(作主语)这些工人之间如何分工仍是个问题。He told his mother that he needed ten dollars with which to buy a new dictionary.(作定语)他对他妈妈说，他需要10美元买一本新字典。The most competent adults are those who know how to do(do) this.(

38、作宾语)(2016天津高考阅读理解C)最有能力的成年人是那些知道怎么样去做这一点的人。 (教材P40)I had a similar experience the last time I visited China.上次我到中国参观时，也有同样的经历。表示时间的名词短语the last time相当于从属连词，引导时间状语从句。(1)名词短语作连词引导时间状语从句的还有the first time，each time，any time，next time，the moment，the second，the minute，the instant，the hour，the day等。(2)以ly结

39、尾的副词，如directly，instantly，immediately也可以用来引导时间状语从句，意为“一就”，相当于as soon as。The moment he got out of the airport，the pop star was surrounded by his fans.这位著名的歌星一出飞机场，就被歌迷围了起来。I came to see you immediately (immediate) I heard the news.我一听到这个消息，马上就来看你了。 链接写作 【导学号：33220046】一见到她我就告诉她这个消息。I will tell her the

40、news I see her.多角快练练单词 练短语 练句型(对应学生用书第89页).单句语法填空1The research center founded 50 years ago is attached to a famous university.2I avoid meeting (meet) him，because I dont like him.3The question we have to face is how to cross (cross)the river.4He couldnt bear losing/to lose (lose) the money for which

41、he had risked his life.5He is considering selling the old house that belongs to his grandparents and using the money to start a business of his own.6The matter related (relate) to peoples health surely requires dealing with carefully.7I request that you (should) attend (attend) the meeting on time.8

42、Having smoked (smoke) too much，he has suffered from lung cancer.单句改错1We must see to that all people are equal before the law.to后加it2While most of us have met him，we are not too familiar to him.towith3He soon got used to live in a dormitory after he entered university.liveliving4The young lady rushed

43、 into the room immediate she heard the noise.immediateimmediately5A majority of the water we use every day are groundwater.areis6He requested us not smoke in the restaurant.not后加to7Where can I exchange my American money with foreign money?withfor8She won the election in a majority of 73 votes.inwith

44、/by(对应学生用书第90页).课文语法填空请根据Lesson 4的课文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。Australia is an 1.astonishing (astonish) land with lots of beautiful plants and strange animals，2.where people take sports 3.seriously (serious)，and they like being 4.outdoors (outdoor)Australia，with a mix of different cultures is a typic

45、al multicultural country 5.with a lot of immigrants.The 6.earliest(early) people，Aborigines，came to the country from Indonesia 50，000 years ago.They used to 7.live (live) peacefully，but they were badly 8.treated (treat) when the whites 9.settlers (settle) came.Now they are a 10.minority (minor) grou

46、p and live in terrible conditions.In recent years，white Australians have become more sensitive to the Aborigines situation.People are now proud of their country.写作改错双练请根据提示，运用本单元所学知识完成下面的小作文，并改正学生习作。1上次去美国时我有一次难忘的经历。(the last time)2由于我英语不好，我不知道如何乘出租车。(owing to；have difficulty in doing)3有一位热心的妇女让我搭了个

47、便车。(give sb. a lift)4她告诉我如何乘车、如何问路。(连接副词不定式)5我很感激她的帮助，意识到学好英语可以帮助我们跟外国人沟通和交流思想。(communicate with；exchange)第一步练写作用适当的连接词将上述句子连成一篇短文。 第二步练改错下面是李明针对本文的习作，其中有5处错误，请你帮他纠正过来。I had unforgettable experiences for the last time I went to America. Owing to my poor English, I had difficulty in taking a taxi. Lu

48、ckily, a warmhearted woman gave me a lift. On addition, she told me how to take a taxi. Furthermore, she tells me how to ask for ways. I really appreciated her help. I realized that it is of great help to learn English well and learning it well could help us communicate with foreigners and exchange

49、ideas.【答案】I had unforgettable experiences the last time I went to America. Owing to my poor English, I had difficulty in taking a taxi. Luckily, a warmhearted woman gave me a lift. addition, she told me how to take a taxi. Furthermore, she me how to ask for ways. I really appreciated her help. I realized that it of great help to learn English well and learning it well could help us communicate with foreigners and exchange ideas.40