高一英语模块2Unit5语法之状语从句导学案教师版北师大版必修

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1、Senior High English Book 2Unit 5 Rhythm Lesson 1 Adverbial Clause. Preparations before class (课前准备)【考纲解读】纵观历届高考试题，状语从句一直是高考考查的热点语法项目之一。高考对状语从句的考查主要体现在对连词的选择以及时态的正确使用上。因此，弄清楚连词的意思，根据语境选用合适的连词，注意主从句时态的呼应是正确解题的关键。根据其用途,状语从句在复合句中作状语，修饰主句中的谓语动词、副词、形容词或整个句子。可分为时间、原因、地点、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较及方式等类型。不同的状语从句使用不同的连接词

2、,有时同一个连接词可连接不同的状语从句,表示不同的意义。 【考点】1. 根据历年高考试题,将状语从句的考点作了全面的归纳,在九大类别中的考查热点在引导时间、地点、条件、让步、比较、原因状语从句的连词上。出现频率较高让步状语从句和原因状语从句， 时间状语从句因为连接词容易出现在一些常用结构里也经常出现。 2. 状语从句中的时态、语态、语气，3. 与其它从句、句型结合起来考查。. Activities in Class (课堂活动)1. Adverbial Clause (状语从句)1). Definition (定义): 状语从句在复合句中作状语, 来说明一件事情发生的时间、地点、原因、条件、结

3、果等。2). Classification (分类): 时间、原因、地点、目的、结果、条件、让步、比较及方式等类型。（一）时间状语从句表时间的状语从句可由when, as, while, whenever, after, before, till (until), since, once, as soon as (或 the moment), by the time, no sooner than, hardly (scarcely) when, every time等引导。when / whenever. When I came into the room, he was writing a

4、 letter.当我进屋时，他正在写信。. We shall go there whenever we are free.我们什么时间有空，我们就去那里。备注：when指的是“某一具体的时间”。whenever指的是“在任何一个不具体的时间”。when / whileas. When he returned, his wife was cooking. While he was reading, his wife was cooking. As he was reading, he was listening to the radio.备注：.When 既可指某一点时间,也可指一段时间; .w

5、hile指“在某一段时间里”，“在期间”，引导的动作必须是持续性的; .as强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。,翻译成”一边一边”备注：.when / while都可以做并列连词,连接并列句,when表示 “就在这时”和 “was doing”, “had just done”和 “was about to do”连用;while则表示转折“然而”. I was walking in the street when suddenly someone patted me on the shoulder from behind. 我正在街上走着，就在这时忽然有人从后面拍我的肩膀。 .My father

6、 was cooking while my mother was playing cards.一就. As soon as I arrive at Chunhui, Ill send you a SM.备注：. upon/ on+ arriving . Immediately +句子. The +时间名词(minute/moment )+句子. hardlywhen. no soonerthan. I had hardly got home when it began to rain. =Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.=No soone

7、r had I got home than it began to rain.before. It will be +一段时间+before从句(does) 要过才能做. It will not be +一段时间+before从句 要不了 就能做. It was +一段时间+before从句(did)过了做了. It was not+一段时间+before从句(did) 没过做了since. It is/ has been +一段时间since 从句(did) . 延续性动词:反过来翻译 .短暂性动词:直译It is 10 years since I smoked.(=I gave up sm

8、oking/dropped smoking)自从我不抽烟已有三年了.Tilluntil. We waited till (until) he came back. 我们一直等到他回来。. She didnt stop working until eleven oclock . 她到11点钟才停止工作。如主句动词是延续性动作，常用肯定式，表示“直到为止”;如主句动词是瞬间动词，常用否定式，表示“直到才” 备注：Not until 句型与强调句型结合. I didnt go to sleep until he came back.It was not until he came back that

9、 I went to sleep.与倒装句式结合 Not until he came back did I go to sleep.（二）原因状语从句原因状语从句是表示原因或理由的，引导这类从句的最常用的连词是because, since, as, now that（既然）等，for 表示因果关系时（它引导的不是从句）为并列连词，语气不如because强。. It was because his mother was badly ill that he was unhappy. Since everyone knows it, I will not say anything. The day

10、breaks, for the birds are singing.备注：. because表示直接的原因,具有很强的因果关系,专门回答对 “why”的提问; . Since=now that, 表示已知或显然的原因,翻译成“既然”，通常放句首; . for 不是从属连词，而是并列连词。它不是用来说明原因，而是用来表示一种附带或补充解释、说明，不放在句首。（三）地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词是where 和wherever等。. Where there is a will, there is a way. 有志者，事竟成。. You are free to go wherever you

11、like. 你可以随意到你喜欢的任何地方去。备注：where与wherever意义基本相同，但后者语气较强，多用于书面语。（四）目的状语从句引导目的状语从句最常用的词（组）是so, so that（从句谓语常有情态动词）, in order that, in case（以防，以免）等。. Speak clearly, so that they may understand you. She has bought the book in order that she could follow the TV lessons. He left early in case he should miss

12、 the train. . I raised my voice so that everyone could hear me.备注：that/ so that/ in order that引导目的状语从句,常用情态动词may (might)/ can (could) /should 等连用.（五）结果状语从句结果状语从句是表示事态结果的从句，通常主句是原因，从句是结果。由so that （从句谓语一般没有情态动词）, so that, such that等引导。. I raised my voice, so that everyone heard me. He was so excited t

13、hat he couldnt say a word. . She told us such an interesting story that we all forgot the time.备注：sothat的so后面跟形容词或副词; such 在主句中修饰名词（六）条件状语从句条件状语从句分真实性（有可能实现的事情）与非真实性（条件与事实相反或者在说话者看来不大可能实现的事情）条件句。引导条件状语从句的词（组）主要有if, unless, so (as) long as, on condition that, so (as) far as, if only(=if). 注意：条件从句中if不

14、能用whether替换分清真实条件句和非真实条件句，非真实条件句中要用虚拟语气表示与现在事实相反的假设和结果. If I were you, I would go at once. 我是你的话，我会马上走。. If my brother were here, everything would be all right.表示与过去事实相反的假设或结果. If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would/could/might have met the famous singer. 如果你早来几分钟的话，你就会（可能会）见到那个著名歌唱家。. If

15、I had had the money last week, I should /would/could/might have bought a car.如果我上星期有了这笔钱，我就会（可能）买1辆车。表示与将来事实可能相反的假设和结果. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。If it should rain, the crops would be saved. 假如天下雨，庄稼就一定（有可能）得救。If it were to snow this evening, they would not g

16、o out .如果今晚下雪，他们将不出去了。（七）让步状语从句让步状语从句可由although, though, as, even if (though), however, whatever, whether or, no matter who (when, what, ) 等引导。注意：as引导的让步状语从句一般是倒装的。. Although (Though) he was over sixty, (yet) he began to learn French.备注：though/although不能与but连用, 但可与yet或still连用. Ill go even if (though

17、) it rains tomorrow. 即使明天下雨，我也要去。 备注：even if/even though“即使,纵使”有退一步设想的意味，多用于书面语中。. Do it no matter what others say. No matter how busy he was, he studied English every day.备注：no matter +疑问词 /whever. Child as he is, he knows a lot. 尽管他是一个孩子，但他懂得很多。 Cold as it is, (= Though it is cold,) the children p

18、lay outdoors. 备注：as 倒装句, as引出的状语从句多用于书面语，它比用though引导的从句，语气强，更有表现力，从句常放在句首，语序部分倒装。（八）比较状语从句常用than, (not) so (as)as, the morethe more, the same as等引导. His book is the same as mine. 他的书和我的一样。Henry is not such a good worker as Peter. 享利这个工人不如彼得那样好。 . I have made a lot more mistakes than you have. The bu

19、sier he is, the happier he feels. He smokes cigarettes as expensive as he can afford.（九）方式状语从句方式状语从句常由as, as if (though), the way, rather than等引导。. Draw a cat as I taught you. 按照我教你的画一只猫。. When in Rome, do as Romans do.备注：as，按照或正如. They treat the black boy as if (though) he were an animal.备注：as if/a

20、s though好象,似乎【考点诠释】考点一、判断引导时间状语从句的连词 考点介绍：可以引导时间状语从句的连词有：before, after, as, when, while, till, until等从属连词；by the time, as soon as等短语型连词；no soonerthan, notuntil, hardlywhen等搭配型连词；each time, every time, next time, the moment/instant/minute等名词型连词；immediately等副词型连词。 . -Wheres that report? -I brought it

21、to you _ you were in Mr. Blacks office yesterday.（北京） A. if B. when C. because D. before . It is difficult for us to learn a lesson in life _weve actually had that lesson. （天津） A. until B. after C. since D. when 考点二、判断引导地点状语从句的连词 考点介绍：可以引导地点状语从句的连词有连接副词where或wherever。 . The village has developed a l

22、ot we _learned farming two years ago. （福建） A. when B. which C. That D. where 考点三、判断引导让步状语从句的连词 考点介绍：让步状语从句常由though, although, as, even if, even though, while, whatever, however、whoever等从属连词引导。whatever应接名词，但也可以单独使用；however应接原级形容词、副词， 解析: D。由语境逻辑可以推出这个村子在我们两年前学习农业技术的地方发展得很快，因此该空应填where引导地点状语从句。 . _ I

23、really dont like art, I find his work impressive. （山东） A. As B. Since C. If D. While 解析：D。该空表示“尽管”，因此应填While引导让步状. Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, _ they knew it to be valuable. （浙江） A. as if B. now that C. even though D. so that 友情提醒：though, although, as等连词引导让步状语从句时不可以再和but连用；as引导让步状语

24、从句时常将表语、动词、副词提前，构成特殊倒装句型，当表语为名词时应去除不定冠词再行前移。 . _, his idea was accepted by all the people at the meeting. （重庆） A. Strange as might it sound B. As it might sound strange C. As strange it might sound D. Strange as it might sound 考点四、判断引导条件状语从句的连词 考点介绍：条件状语从句通常由if, unless, as/so long as, on condition t

25、hat等从属连词引导。 . I wont call you, _ something unexpected happens. （全国卷I） A. because B. whether C. unless D. while . You will be successful in the interview you have confidence. （福建） A. before B. once C. until D. though 考点五、判断引导原因状语从句的连词 考点介绍：原因状语从句常由从属连词because, as, since, now that等引导。友情提醒：引导原因状语从句的连词不

26、可以再和并列连词so连用。. Parents should take seriously their childrens requests for sunglasses _eye protection is necessary in sunny weather.（NMET2004上海） A. because B. through C. unless D. if 分析语境逻辑可知，该空表示“因为”, 因此应填because引导原因状语从句。 友情提醒：引导原因状语从句的连词不可以再和并列连词so连用考点六、判断引导目的状语从句的连词 考点介绍：目的状语从句通常由从属连词that, so that

27、, in order that, in case, for fear that等引导。 . Leave your key with a neighbor _ you lock yourself out one day.（07北京） A. ever since B. even if C. soon after D. in case 考点七、判断引导结果状语从句的连词 考点介绍：结果状语从句常由so that, sothat, suchthat等短语性连词引导。使用so that引导结果状语从句时从句中通常不出现can, could等情态动词；使用sothat结构引导结果状语从句时so后面应接原级

28、形容词、副词；使用such that 结构引导结果状语从句时，such后面常接名词；sothat结构置于句首引导结果状语从句时常使用不完全倒装句型。 ._ that Marie was able to set up new branches elsewhere.（07陕西） A. So successful her business was B. So successful was her business C. So her business was successful D. So was her successful business 析：B, 句中sothat 结构置于句首引导结果状语

29、从句，因此应使用不完全倒装句型。3. Test in Class (当堂测试)1. Tim is in good shape physically he doesnt get much exercise. （10湖南32） A. if B. even though C. unless D. as long as答案：B 考点：考查状语从句。解析：句意为：“尽管Tim不经常锻炼，但他身材很好。”前后是让步转折关系，故选B项。2. The school rules state that no child shall be allowed out of the school during the d

30、ay, _ accompanied by an adult. （10山东28） A. once B. when C. if D. unless答案:D考点：本题考查省略的状语从句的连接词。解析：句意应为“学校规章规定：除非有成年人陪同，否则孩子们在校期间不能出学校。”表示“除非”用unless。该句式构成了“连词+过去分词”结构。3. you may have, you should gather your courage to face the challenge. A. However a serious problem B. What a serious problemC. Howeve

31、r serious a problem D. What serious a problem（10上海34）答案：C考点：让步状语从句 解析：根据句意“无论你有多么严重的问题，你都应该鼓起勇气面对挑战”，而however表让步时其顺序应是：however + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语。however做连接副词，相当于no matter how,后接形容词或副词，意为“无论、不管” ，引导让步状语从句，其序为“however+形容词、副词+主语+谓语”。4Because of the heavy traffic，it was already time for lunch break she go

32、t to her office（10四川20） Asince Bthat Cwhen Duntil 答案：C 考点：考查状语从句。解析：句意为：“因为交通阻塞，当她到达办公室时已经是午休的时间了。”，故此处应为when引导的时间状语从句，故正确答案为C。5. John thinks it wont be long he is ready for his new job. （10陕西20） A. when B. after C. before D. since答案：C. 解析：考查状语从句。所填词引导状语从句，构成It（will）be+时间段+状语从句，意思是：过多久才将.，选C。6. Toda

33、y, we will begin _we stopped yesterday so that no point will be left out.A. whenB. whereC. howD. what（10重庆32）答案B考点：考查状语从句。解析：由句意：今天，为了不遗漏要点，我们从昨天结束的地方开始。where 引导地点状语从句。7. The little girl who got lost decided to remain _she was and wait for her mother. A. where B. what C. how D. who (09山东卷28)8. My pa

34、rents dont mind what job I do I am happy. (09陕西卷13)A. even though B. as soon as C. as long as D. as though 【答案】C【解析】句意: 只要我高兴，我做任何工作父母都不会介意. 根据题干意思可知此处是条件状语从句，引导词意思是: 只要, 选C。even though引导让步状语从句，意思是: 即使; as soon as引导时间状语从句，意思是：一就；as though引导方式状语从句，意思是：仿佛，好象。【考点定位】考查状语从句. 注意区分引导词的不同含义.9. Owen wouldnt

35、eat anything _ he cooked it himself. (09四川卷12)A. until B. since C. unless D. while 【答案】C 【解析】考查连词的区别。该句的意思是：欧文不吃任何东西，除非这种东西是他自己亲自烹饪的。unless除非，符合语境。10. The medicine works more effectively you drink some hot water after taking it. A. as B. until C. although D. if (09浙江卷8)【答案】D。【解析】考查连词的用法。该题的意思是：这种药的效

36、果更明显，如果你在吃药后喝一些开水的话。if引导条件状语从句。11. _ the police thought he was the most likely one, since they had no exact proof about it, they could not arrest him. (09湖南卷34)A. Although B. As long asC. If only D. As soon as12. _ unemployment and crime are high, it can be assumed that the latter is due to the form

37、er. (09江苏31)A. Before B. Where C. Unless D. Until13. -Do you have a minute? Ive got something to tell you. -Ok, _ you make it short.A. now that B. if only C. so long as D. every time (2008安徽，31)解析】这里注意几个选项连接状语从句时的不同意义，so/as long as“只要”符合题意。now that“既然”用于原因状语从句。if only常引起虚拟语气,意为“要是就好了”。every time“每次”

38、，引起时间状语从句。 14. He found it increasingly difficult to read, _ his eyesight was beginning to fail.A. though B. for C. but D so (2008山东22)【解析】这是一个原因状语从句。原因状语从句for表示的原因并不说明主句行为发生的直接原因，只是提供一些有利于说明情况的补充说明, 且不可位于主句前。. Recitation after Class (课后狂背)A.时间状语从句Striketheironwhileitishot. 趁热打铁。Youmakethefailurecom

39、pletewhenyoustoptrying.不再努力之时，就是完全失败之日。Alltimeisnotimewhenitispast.光阴一去不复返。B.地点状语从句Wherethereisawill,thereisaway.有志者事竟成。Wherethereissmoke,thereisfire.有烟必有火。（无风不起浪。）C.条件状语从句Lifeislongifyouknowhowtouseit.如果懂得好好利用，生命就长了。Weonlyliveonce,butifweworkitrightonceisenough.我们生命只一次，好自为之一次足矣。D.原因状语从句Asyousow,you

40、shallmow.种瓜得瓜，种豆得豆。Knowledgeisthemostprecioustreasureofallthings,becauseitcanneverbegivenaway,norstolennorconsumed.知识是万物中最珍贵的财宝，丢不掉，偷不走，也不会损耗。E.方式状语从句Childhoodshowstheman,asmorningshowstheday.看人看年少，看天看破晓。Readingistothemindwhatexerciseistothebody.读书养神，锻炼健身。F.比较状语从句Amissisasgoodasamile.失之毫厘，差之千里。Wisdominthemindisbetterthanmoneyinthehand.手里有钱财，不如胸中有文才。G.让步状语从句Thoughaliebewelldressed,itiseverovercome.谎言即使打扮得再好，到头来也会被揭穿。Whateveryoudo,dowithyourmight;Thingsdonebyhalvesareneverdoneright.不论做什么事要尽力去做；事情做得不彻底，就不能算好。