帅建林版国际贸易实务课练习答案双语

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1、ChapIYES ， Please refer to the 1st paragraph of the text.II流动性过剩自给自足经济资源直接投资国际收支易货交易出口退税倾销出口型经济增长东道国贸易差额贸易顺差贸易逆差欧盟国际收支顺差国际收支逆差有形贸易无形贸易货物贸易服务贸易IIIter1excess liquidityself-sufficienteconomic resourcesdirect investmentbalance of paymentsbarterexport tax rebatedumpingexport-driven economic growthhost co

2、untrybalance of tradefavorable/unfavorable balance of tradeEuropean Unionfavorable/unfavorable balance of paymentsvisible tradeinvisible tradetrade in goodstrade in servicesThe chart above shows the U.S. imports from China, U.S. exports to China and the trade balance. The U.S. has a negative trade b

3、alance with China, and it has been growing. During the period from 1997 to 2003, imports from China have grown 244% while exports to China have grown 221%, indicating that the trade deficit is increasing. There had already been a sizeable trade balance deficit with China in 1996, totaling $ 39.5 bil

4、lion at the end of theyear.IV1. Export goods are tangible goods sent out of countries.2. Trade in services are international earnings other than those derived from the exporting and importing of tangible goods.3. Import goods are tangible goods brought in.4. International trade is all business trans

5、actions that involve two or more countries.5. FDI is one that gives the investor a controlling interest in a foreign company.6. Investment is used primarilyas financialmeans for a company to earn more money on itsmoney withrelative safety.V1. International trade is the fair and deliberate exchange o

6、f goods and/or services acrossnational boundaries. Itconcerns trade operations of both import and export and includes the purchase and sale of both visible and invisible goods.2. In todays complex economic world, neither individuals nor nations are self-sufficient.Nations participate inthe internati

7、onal trade for many reasons. As to the economic reasons, no nation has all of the economic resources(land, labor and capital) that it needs to develop its economy and culture, and no country enjoys a particular item sufficient enough to meet its needs. As for the preference reasons, international tr

8、ade takes place because of innovation of style. Besides, every nation can specialize in a certain field and enjoy a comparative advantage in someparticular area in terms of trade so that they need to do business witheach other to make use of resources moreefficiently and effectively.3. In measuring

9、the effectiveness of global trade, nations carefully follow two key indicators,namely, balance oftrade and balance of payments.4. FDI, the abbreviation form Foreign Direct Investment, means buying of permanentproperty and business inforeign nations. It occurs whenacquisition of equity interest in af

10、oreigncompanyis trade.The greatsignificance of FDI for China might be that: FDI solve the problem of capital shortage for China so that China mayspend the money on importingadvanced equipment and technologiesfor its infrastructure,nationalsupportingindustry, key projects, etc.Chapter 2I关税壁垒非关税壁垒从量税配

11、额保护性关税市场失灵幼稚产业许可证制度财政关税政府采购贸易保护主义从价税最低限价本地采购规则增加内需Domestic contentRed-tape barriersExport subsidiesBinding quotaAbsolute quotasVERTariff-rate quotasZero quotaBuy local rulesTariff barriersnon-tariff barriersspecific dutiesquotaprotective tariffmarket failureinfant industrylicensing systemRevenue tar

12、iffgovernment procurementtrade protectionismAd Valorem Dutiesfloor pricebuy local rulesraise domestic demand国内含量进口环节壁垒出口补贴绑定配额绝对配额自愿出口限制关税配额零配额本地采购原则II1. Protectionism means the deliberate use or encouragement of restrictions on imports to enable relatively inefficient domestic producers to compete

13、successfully with foreign producers.保护主义是指蓄意使用或鼓励进口限制，以此使本国相对效率低的产品能成功地和外国产品竞争。.2. If the Russians release their stocks of fin into the world market, the price of the metal will sink through the floor. 一旦俄罗斯人将其持有的锡矿股票投放于国际市场之中，那么该市场中金属的价格会跌破最低限价。3. Protective tariffmeans a duty or tax imposed on imp

14、orted products for the purpose ofmaking them moreexpensive in comparison to domestic producers, thereby giving thedomestic products a price advantage.保护性关税表示对进口产品征收的关税，旨在让它们相比起本国商品更贵，从向使得本国商品具有价格优势。4. Types of tariffs include ad valorem, specific, variable, or compound. In the United States, the imp

15、osition of tariffs is made on imported goods only. Tariffs raise the prices of imported goods, thus making them less competitive within the market of the importing country. After seven Rounds ”of General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade trade negotiations that focused heavily on tariff reductions, tar

16、iffs are less important measures of protection than theyused to be.关税的种类包括从价税，从量税，可变税与复合税。在美国，只对进口商品征税。关税抬高了进口货物的价格，从而使得它们在进口国商品市场竞争优势下降。继关税及贸易总协定七个回合主要关于降低税价的贸易协定之后，税收所起的保护作用日趋下降。III1.Tariff is a duty collected by customs of a government on imports and/or exports.2.A revenue tariff can be some of t

17、he incomes of a government, but it must be taken undercontrol.3.To export goods at an unreasonably low price is taken as dumping which mightbe foughtagainst bygovernment of the importing country.4. A tariff may be assessed on a per unit basis, in which case it is known as a specific duty. It also ma

18、y be assessed as a percentage of the value of the item, in which case it is known as an ad valorem duty.5. Importtariffsprimarilyserve as a means of raisingthe price of the importgoods so thatcompetitivelyproduced domestic goods will gain a relative price advantage.Chapter 3IAPEC? Asia-pacific Econo

19、mic Co-operationFTAAP? Free Trade Agreement of Asia and the PacificEU?European UnionNAFTA? ?North American Free Trade AgreementMERCOSUR? Mercado Comun del Cono Sur / Southern?Common MarketASEAN? Association of Southeast Asian NationsEFTA?European Free Trade AreaAFTA? ASEAN Free Trade AreaPTAs?Prefer

20、ential Trade agreementsIITrade bloc? 贸易集团Trade block?贸易禁运 / 封锁Open regionalism? 开放式区域主义Free trade area? 自由贸易区Customs union? 关税联盟Common market? 共同市场Economic union? 经济联盟Trade embargoes?贸易禁运Boycotts? 抵制歧视性关税?discriminatory tariffs经济制裁 ?economic sanction贸易弹性 ?trade elasticity双边贸易协定?bilateral trade agree

21、ment最惠国 ?most favored nationChapter 4IGATT? General Agreement on Tariffs And TradeHOD? Heads of DelegationsTRIPs? Trade-related Aspects of Intellectual Property RightsGATS? General Agreement on Trade in ServicesTRIMs? Trade Related Investment MeasuresMFN? Most Favored NationsII施惠国 ? Patronage nation

22、s受惠国 ? ?Favored nations缔约国 ? Contracting Parties市场准入 ? market access透明度 ? transparency紧急进口措施? Urgent Importing Measures争端解决机制? dispute settlement mechanism可持续发展? ?sustainable development特许经营 ? franchiseIII1. Until now WTO has already had 150 members and its trade volume covers 90% of the total trade

23、 volume in the whole world.2. Topmost of WTO is the Ministerial Conference which has to meet at least once every two years. Under the Ministerial Conference is the General Council that has to meet at Geneva regularly.3. The WTO Secretariat, which offices only in Geneva, Swizerland, has around 550 re

24、gular stuff and is headed by a Director-General. Since decisions are made by Members only, the Secretariat has no decision-making powers as the other international institutions.4. The Secretariat provides some form of legal assistance in the dispute settlement process and advises governments wishing

25、 to become Members of the WTO.Chapter 5IFOB 班轮条件清关FOB 吊钩下交货平舱多式联运船舷内陆水运理舱卸货费投保CFR 卸至岸上 (含着陆费 )班轮单据买卖CFR 舱底交货CFR 班轮条件象征性交货IIFOB liner termcustoms clearanceFOB Under Tackletrimmultimodal transportshipboardmarine navigation on inland waterwaystowdischarge expensecover insuranceCFR Landedlinerdocumentar

26、y salesCFR Ex-ships HoldCFR liner termssymbolic delivery1. Under CFR, buyers should effect insurance.2. Under CIF Ex-Ships Hold, seller should pay the discharge charges.3. Under CIF, the insured amount should be US $ 22 000 if the contracted price is US $20000.4. Under CIP, seller has to procure ins

27、urance against the buyers risk of loss of or damage to the goods during the carriage.5. The FAS term requires the seller to clear the goods for export6. The DEQ term requires the buyer to proceed with the customs clearance for imports and payment of all customsduty.7. Under DDP, the seller must pay

28、the costs of customs duties as well as all duties, taxes and other official charges payable upon exportation and importation of the goods.8. Under DDU the seller must give the buyer instant notice of the shipping of the goods as well as any other notice required in order to allow she buyer to take m

29、easure.III1. 该报价为 FOB 的价格并含 5的佣金。2. 在 CPT 、 CIP 项下，“承运人”指在货物运输合同中承诺通过铁路、公路、航空、海运、内河水运或多式运输等方式完成货物运输的人。3. 在 FCA 项下，交货地的选择对货物的装船与卸载责任有影响。如果交货地基于卖方，卖方有装载责任。如果交货地在其它地方，卖方对卸载没有责任。4. 在 FOB 项下，卖方必须在约定的日期或期限内，在指定的装运港，按照该港习惯方式，将货物交至买方指定的船只上。买方必须自货物在指定的装运港越过船舷之刻起承当货物灭失或损坏的一切风险。QuestionsYYYYYYYYYYYNY Y YYYYYYY

30、YNNNNNYNYNNNNNNNYYYYYY YNY Y Y Y Y Y YY Y YNNNNYYYYYYYVA.1. c;2. d;3. a; 4. c;5. c;6. c; 7. d; 8. b; 9. d; l0.cB. 1. a;2. ab;3. abcdf;4. abc;5. aefChapter 6I1.Sales by Sellers/Buyers Sample凭卖方样品买卖凭买方样品买卖2.Reference/Duplicate Sample基准样品副样3.Quality Tolerance品质公差4.Counter Sample对等样品5.More or Less Claus

31、es溢短装条款6.Neutral Packing中性包装7, Customs Formality报关手续8.Inspection Certificate of Quality质量检验证书9. FDA食品及药物管理局10. Marking of Goods标记货物II毛重gross weight理论重量theoretical weight净重约定皮重公量单位重量含水量习惯皮重法定重量实际皮重从价税平均皮重货样不符副产品国家质量监督校验检疫总局III(B) mineral ore(C) ordinary garments(D) fish(E) Hair washing machines(G) me

32、dical apparatus(A) wheat(H) calligraphic works(F) power plant generatornet weightcomputed tareconditioned weightunit weightwater capacitycustomary tarelegal weightactual taread valorem dutyaverage taregoods not equal to the sampleby-productsGeneral Administrationof Quality Supervision,InspectionandQ

33、uarantineofthePeoplesRepublic of ChinaA. sample B. manualD.G. NLQE. famous brandF. specification G. inspectionH. drawing or diagramIVI. The quality and price of commodities should be taken into consideration in choosing thepacking material andpackage designing.2 A topper, matched with the superior-g

34、rade packing, speaks itself for its high quality andpreciousness.3. It will extremely increase the cost of the goods to pack the medium-low quality with thehigh quality material,and therefore, influence its sale.4. It will effect its marketing of the goods to doggedly strive for thrift in a wa5 to p

35、ack thesuperior quality withthe low quality material.5 We should take not only the quality and appearance of the goods into consideration, butalso the customerstaste and preference.6. We must improve the quality of the export goods so as to strengthen its competitiveness inthe internationalmarket.Ch

36、apter 7I.油轮Oil tanker定程租船Voyage Charter滚装船Ro/Ro vessel定期租船Time Charter载驳轮LASH ( Light Aboard Ship )光船租船Bare Boat Charter(BBC)船期表sailing schedule租船合同滞期费班轮运价表速遣费选卸附加费直航附加费转船附加费港口拥挤附加费运输代理包裹拼箱货结汇整箱货空运单集装箱货运站装运通知处置权Partial shipment/transshipment Bill of ladingClean B/LOrder B/LCombined transport B/LBlan

37、k B/LStraight B/LThrough B/LLiner B/LAnte-dated B/LAdvanced B/LConsignment noteBlank endorsementIATACombined transport documentsFCL/LCLII1. 2. 3. x dela y advance4. x accepted unaccepted5. 6 X 把“ or without ”去掉IIIcharter contractdemurrage chargeliner freight rate scheduledispatch moneyoptional addit

38、ionaldirect additionaltransshipment surchargePort Congestion Surchargetransportation agentpackageLCL( Less than container load)settlementFCL( Full container load )Air waybillcontainer yardshipping noticeright of disposal分批装船转运提单清洁提单指示提单联合运输提单空白提单记名提单联运提单班轮提单倒签提单预借提单陆运或铁路运输通知空白背书国际航空运输协会多式联运单据整箱货拼箱货1

39、海运提单上列出了承运人和托运人之间的权利和义务。2班轮公司通常把航海时间表登载在报纸上或者分发给托运人。3. 在多式联运提单上，卸货港应该是提单许可的中转码头。4. 集装箱收费是多种多样的。例如附加费，总费率的确定是基本费率加上附加费率。5集装箱的好处在于：方便处理货物，减少盗窃，减少暴露，节约装船成本。IV1. Transport documents which appear on their face to indicate that shipment has been made on the same means of conveyance and for the same journe

40、y, provided they indicate the same destination, will not be regarded as covering partial shipment, even if the transport documents indicate different dates of shipment and/or differentports of loading, places of taking in charge, or dispatch.2. Clean transport document is one which hears no clause o

41、r notation which expresslydeclares a defectivecondition of the goods and/or the packaging.3. Neither the carder nor the shipper shall be responsible in any event for loss or damage to, or in connection with, goods if the nature or value thereof has been knowingly misstated by the shipper in the Bill

42、 of lading.4. Where the performance of the carriage or part thereof has been entrusted to an actual carrier, whether or not in pursuance of a liberty under the contract of carriage by sea to do so, the carrier nevertheless remains responsiblefor the entire carriage.The carrier is responsible, in rel

43、ation to the carriage performed by the actual carrier, forthe acts and omissions of the actual carrier and of his servants and agents acting withinthe scope of theiremployment.Chapter 8I投保人共同海损投保金额外来风险保险单推定全损海上风险施救费用救助费用意外事故承保人单独海损保险费航空运输货物战争险陆运险陆运一切险估损费用航空运输一切险Ocean marine insuranceWar risksBasic r

44、isks coverageInsured amountTaint of odorOverland transportation insurance Parcel post insuranceFree from particular averageAdditional risks coverageFresh water and/or rain damageinsuredgeneral averageinsured amountextraneous risksinsurance policyconstructive averagemarine riskssalvage chargessue and

45、 labor expensesmisfortuneinsurerparticular averageinsurance premiumair transportation war riskland transportation risksland transportation all risksrisk estimation chargesair transportation all risks charges海运保险战争险基本险种投保金额偷盗、失窃、提货不着险串味险陆上运输保险邮寄包裹保险平安险附加险别With particular average淡水雨淋险水渍险II.1.2.3.4.XSp

46、ecial additional coverage such as war risks, strikesand so on must be taken outtogetherwith FPA,WPA. (and all risks)5.X In essence, open policy is (not) the same as the insurance certificate.6.7.8.X Three (two) types of risks are covered by ocean marine insurance, namely the perils ofsea, the extran

47、eousrisks ( 删除 and the force majeure).9.X Ocean marine insurance covers two types of losses, partial lass and total loss perils of sea and extraneousrisksIII1.Exposed to many risks in the process of transportingand loading and unloading,exportgoods face thepossibility of loss.2.Supposed that the goo

48、ds is put on deck instead of in the cabinwhere it should be accordingto the clausestipulated in the insurance contract, insurer has the right to against any possible claims lodged by the insured.3.Cabin coverage includes the risk of falling into ocean only, and excludes the risks of freshwater, rain

49、 andsoak.4.Expert credit insurance is a kind of credit insurances.5.The insured should deliver the goods to the carrier by the agreed way before the maturityof insurance.6.Initial value assurance is sealed by the seller normally, whereas increased value assuranceis bought by thebuyer.7.Ifthe insured

50、 cannot get the whole or partialpaymentdue to the commercialcreditorpoliticalrisks, theinsurer should pay the indemnity.8.Marine insurance policy is the part of the Bill of Lading. Insurer is the marine insurancecompany.IV1从广义上来讲，海运保险的可保风险应包括货物在海上运输中可能的损失和损坏。2战争条款是保单中的一项条款，用以保因战争引起损失的风险。3. 保险应包括水渍险、

51、偷盗失窃及提货不着险和战争险。保险金额为CIF价的110 。如果发生赔付，赔付地为纽约，赔付款以美元计价。4仓至仓保险所承保的风险包括从货物因运输目的而离开仓库起经运输期间以及到达到期日前15 天 )为止，这段时间内产生的风险。目的地仓库(或者5如果保险人所投保的风险发生以至产生实际损失，托运人应该向保险人出示单证以取得赔偿。Chapter 9Cost structure成本构成Cost of production生产成本Profit margin边际利润Selling cost销售成本Target costing目标成本法Everyday low pricing (EDLP)每日低价Tota

52、l fixed cost总固定成本Variable cost变动成本Skimming price strategy撇脂定价战略Penetration strategy渗透定价战略Floating exchange risk浮动汇率风险成本导向定价法pricing based on cost盈亏平衡定价法break-even pricing边际成本定价法marginal cost pricing损益两平点 break-even point计价货币 money of account支付货币 money of payment硬货币 hard currency软货币 soft currency汇率 e

53、xchange rate价款调整 price adjustment佣金 /折扣 commission / discount期货 /现货市场 future / spot marketCountryCurrencyBritainGBPpoundJapanJPYJapanese YanFranceFRFFrench FrancAustraliaAUPAustralian dollarChinaCNYRMB YuanBurmaBUKBurmese KyatSingaporeSGDSingapore dollarNew ZealandNZDNew Zealand dollarThailandTHPTha

54、i BahtMalaysiaMYRMalaysian dollarNepalNPRNepalese RupeeIndiaINRIndia RupeeIndonesiaIDRIndonesian RupiahSwissCHFSwiss FrancPhilippinesPHPPhilippine PesoItalyITLItalian LiraChapter 10信用状况 ? credit standard远期信用证? time L/C, usance L/C通知银行 ? advising? bank信用证有效期? the maturity of L/C交付运单 ? delivery of B/L支付保障条款? confirmation of credit支付结算 ? payment and settlement申请人与受益人? applicant and beneficiary?For Bank of China? Signatureirrevocable letter of credit?不可撤销信用证confirmed L/C?保兑信用证revocable letter of credit?可撤销信用证sight draft?即期汇票commercial bill of exchange?