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1、本科毕业设计（论文）外文翻译题 目某工程施工组织设计及其工程成本测算音乐厅 音乐系教学楼学 院建工学院专业工程管理班级09工程管理本一学号08115003101学生姓名曹震指导教师潘安平外文资料来源及题目（注：含作者、书名、杂志名或外文数据库名等，英文文章或段落标题，原文附后）外文题目：Construction engineering construction organization optimization design外文作者：Lingshu Meng外文出处：Dissertation Abstracts International.2005.译成中文后题目（译文附后）翻译后题目：浅谈建

2、筑工程施工组织优化设计指导教师审阅意见： 签名：年 月 日Construction engineering construction organization optimization designLingshu MengAbstract：The paper first elaborates the organizational management of the construction in terms of the composition and characteristic of. Analysis of the current construction project constru

3、ction organization design problems. Put forward the construction organization design optimization measures. In order to project construction organization and management to provide basis for decision making. In order to improve the construction level of decision making. To optimize the resource use.

4、Speed up the construction speed.Keywords：Construction organization design optimizationIntroductionBuilding engineering construction management is core and soul of the construction organization design. Construction organization design of construction project in the whole construction process of the d

5、esign ideas and specific arrangements. The purpose is to make the project achieves high speed, excellent quality, low cost target, thereby obtaining the optimal economic benefits. Construction engineering contract market scale, scope and expand the opening up gradually. Projects to large-scale and c

6、omplex development. The increasingly fierce competition; international investors and owners of the construction contractor requirements and expectations are also more and more high. Thus the construction of project of project construction organization design put forward higher requirements Therefore

7、, only by increasing the content of science and technology of construction organization design. Improve the management level of the organizers can meet the requirements of modern construction. In order to improve the competitiveness of construction enterprises and reduce the production cost of enter

8、prises.Construction organization PROBLEMA. Construction organization design formConstruction organization design as the guidance to the construction activities of the whole technical and economic programmatic document. Mainly includes the project is summarized briefly, introduces the basis, engineer

9、ing survey, engineering characteristics, goals etc. Project properties is the new, expansion, technological transformation and the purpose and significance of establishing; The overall arrangement of construction and the overall progress plan. Clear the overall arrangement of construction principle

10、and the major control point. According to the project installation project construction overall deploy, combined with the engineering project and plan, the project construction is divided into different periods of construction plan; Project organization should mainly introduces the basic forms of or

11、ganization, personnel and key personnel responsibilities.; The main construction technology program, mainly for engineering related major professional construction content, the corresponding construction technology program.B. The main problems in the design of construction organization1) The constru

12、ction organization design and low quality of personnelThe current cumulative construction technology resource cannot get sufficient, effective application, especially the intellectual resources, on the one hand is because the staff s quality is not high and caused by the lack of experience; On the o

13、ther hand is the construction of enterprises and research institutes and universities are lack of necessary communication cause. No draw lessons from as early as the existing successful experience, the contents are rarely applied new technology, leading to low work efficiency, high energy consumptio

14、n. Part of the preparation of construction organization design of the technical staff theoretical basis and concrete construction of the relative lack of experience, making only on the technical specifications and the construction organization design, copy, copy, and not on the specific characterist

15、ics of the project were analyzed and designed, in the actual construction did not play the role of guiding construction. In engineering practice, a lot of the preparation of construction organization design of the engineering staff are graduated one or two years young technician, while the actual pr

16、ojects often need one or two years, one can imagine the technician of the practical experience and the technical level is difficult to achieve the preparation of a meet the requirements of the construction organization design standard.2) Construction organization design process for high repetition r

17、ateConstruction organization design must be tailored to each project features one by one to compile, in order to achieve the overall project objectives, but different staff to the same type of the construction technology in the preparation of work at the same time, made a large number of unnecessary

18、 duplication of labor, reduce the work efficiency. They are generally made by technician preparation, is completed, by the engineer examine, often greatly changed, and as a result of Project Engineer General of civil engineers, so programming is completed, a professional engineer and often larger ch

19、anges, so very reproducible, and each part of the construction contents are disjointed, there is no overall sex.3) Construction organization design consideration is not comprehensiveNow the construction organization plan only as a technical management system of a work, the pursuit of the main constr

20、uction benefit but rarely consider the economic benefits, there are only pay attention to organizational measures, and do not pay attention to economic management, and in the process of implementing no cost, did not achieve the goal of economic benefits. Some construction units in the preparation of

21、 construction organization design of heavy technology, light economy, technology sector and Economic Department of the lack of communication, so for the engineering settlement has an important influence on the content, especially the budget quota of conditional execution of the project, the construc

22、tion organization design without explicit statement, resulting in settlement of the disputes, and even the economy by loss.4) Construction organization design and construction of concrete peelingThe compilation of the construction organization design is often the design and implementation of separat

23、ion, resulting in the construction organization design is just a formality. The compilation of the construction organization design is often the technology sector for several technical personnel do, production department experienced foreman failed to participate, technical department to do preparati

24、on, production department to do execution, design and separation, carried out according to the design, resulting in the construction organization design is just a formality, can really play a guidance to the construction of effect of.C. Optimizing of construction organization design measures and met

25、hods1) Prepared on the basis of improvement measuresPreparation of reference, should draw lessons from advanced experience, according to the engineering characteristics, the new construction technologies and methods applied to engineering construction, improving labor efficiency, reduce the producti

26、on cost of the objective. In this proposed authorities set up a special organization to collect, analysis and induction, consolidation release various types of construction project construction organization design, and rewards for positive use of advanced construction technology and active use of ne

27、w materials, new technology of the units and individuals, to promote advanced technology experience to get timely promotion and extensive use, so as to promote the construction of enterprise development of. In the past by design technology department is responsible for the preparation of constructio

28、n organization design method has been unable to meet the present situation, construction company should execute who is responsible for implementation of the project who the preparation of construction organization design.2) Method of preparing the improved measuresConstruction enterprises should be

29、based on the systematic idea and method, make the preparation of construction organization design standard. Project management departments to collect, analysis and summary of construction of large and medium-sized project construction organization design, and order released, helped to popularize adv

30、anced experience, play the benefit of construction organization design. Construction enterprises in the preparation of construction organization design should try to promote the application of information technology, so as to accumulate experience, through the technical module to optimize combinatio

31、n, reduction in the preparation of the amount of labor, improve the preparation efficiency and preparation quality. Construction organization design is the core of a reasonable construction scheme, should according to has accumulated experience in construction technology, and actively learn from dom

32、estic and foreign advanced construction technology, combined with the concrete engineering project, technical feasibility and economic rationality in two aspects to weigh, in order to select the most reasonable solution, as construction organization design based.3) The contents of the improvement me

33、asures1. Construction scheme selection. For a project can be formulated more than a construction scheme, the rationality of engineering construction quality, construction period and the technical and economic effect has a direct impact, staff at the selected construction scheme, according to the eng

34、ineering characteristics, various reference the advanced construction technology, the use of modern scientific management methods, combined with the engineering practice, from a technical and economic comparison, the technical feasibility and economic rationality unify.2. The content of construction

35、 organization design. Construction organization design is the content according to different engineering characteristics and requirements, according to the existing and the possible creation of construction condition, set out from the fact, the various factors of production mode of combination of de

36、cision. Construction organization design should be concise and to the point, target, combined with practical, tender documents to meet needs, to be competitive, to reflect the strength of enterprises and credibility.3. The layout optimization method. In the stage of construction site management, sit

37、e use and the resulting space adjustment and two distribution, but also need to study the object. In the process of construction site are the main reasons resulting in conflict: Design, safety factors and Space Jam. Field conflict resolution should be in the cause of the conflict and the degree of f

38、ull assessment, according to the actual situation, considering solutions. Plane layout method should be combined with the specific project basis, follow suit ones measures to local conditions, timely, facilitating production and livelihood, ease of administration, safety and reliability, reasonable

39、economy principle.4. Resource requirement management methods. Resources equilibrium refers to a certain period of time reasonable arrangements for the duration of the procedure, the available resources are balanced consumption. In general, the ideal resource planning is a parallel to the time coordi

40、nate axis, whereby to maintain the daily demand for resources. Can use network planning to adjust the resource planning, optimization of individual resource balanced when, mainly uses the peak clipping method and variance method. Peak clipping method is defined according to the schedule of resource

41、demand dynamic curve, adjust the resource using the peak period of part of the operation start time, as far as possible to reduce the maximum resources using peak, thereby reducing the resource dynamic curve of amplitude fluctuation.ConclusionAnalysis of the current construction organization design

42、system the main problems, and in view of the related question proposed solutions, designed to follow the construction organization design in ensuring the quality of projects at the same time, compression of adequate resources, low rates of critical work, in order to achieve the safe, economical and

43、reasonable principle.浅谈建筑工程施工组织优化设计孟令树摘要：论文首先阐述了建筑工程施工组织管理方面组成及特点，分析了当前建筑工程项目施工组织设计中存在的问题，提出施工组织设计优化措施，以期为项目的施工组织和管理提供决策依据，以提高施工组织决策水平，合理优化资源使用，加快工程建设速度。关键词：建筑工程施工组织设计优化前言建筑工程施工管理工作的核心和灵魂是施工组织设计，施工组织设计是对工程建设项目在整个施工全过程的构思设想和具体的安排，目的是要使工程建设达到速度快、质量优、成本低的目标，从而获得最优的经济效益。建设工程承包市场的规模、范围和开放度逐渐扩大，工程项目向大型化和复

44、杂化发展，竞争越来越激烈;国际投资商和业主对建设承包商的要求和期望也越来越高，从而对工程项目施工中的施工组织设计提出了更高的要求。因此，只有增加施工组织设计的科技含量，提高组织者的管理水平才能适应现代化施工的要求，才能提高建筑企业的竞争力并且降低企业的生产成本。 施工组织问题一、施工组织设计的组成 施工组织设计作为指导施工全过程各项活动的技术经济的纲领性文件，主要包括工程概述简要，介绍编制依据、工程概况、工程特点、工程目标等方面的内容，说明工程的性质是新建、扩建、技术改造及建设的目的和意义；施工总体部署和总体进度计划，明确施工总体部署原则及主要控制点，根据项目安装工程建设的总体部署，结合本工程

45、实物工程量及计划安排，将工程施工划分为不同时间段进行施工部署；项目组织机构应主要介绍组织机构的基本形式，人员组成及关键人员的岗位职责等；主要施工技术方案，主要针对工程涉及的主要专业施工内容，编制相应的施工技术方案。 二、施工组织设计存在的主要问题 （1）施工组织设计人员素质低 目前所累积的施工技术资源得不到充分、有效的应用，特别是其中的智力资源，一方面这是因为编制人员自身素质不高和经验不足造成的;另一方面是建筑企业和科研院所及高校之间缺乏必要沟通造成的。没有借鉴早已有的成功经验，所编制的内容很少应用新技术、新工艺，导致劳动效率低下，能源消耗高。部分施工组织设计编制人员的技术理论基础和具体施工经

46、验相对缺乏，编制中只是对技术规范和已有的施工组织设计照搬、照抄，并没有对具体工程的特点进行针对性的分析和设计，在实际施工中并没有起到指导施工的作用。实际工程中，许多编制施工组织设计的工程人员都是毕业一两年的年轻技术员，而实际工程的工期往往都需要一至两年，可想而知技术员的实际经验和技术水平是很难达到编制一个符合要求的施工组织设计的标准。 （2）施工组织设计流程重复率高 施工组织设计必须针对每个工程的特点逐个进行编制，以实现项目整体目标，但不同编制人员对于同类型的施工工艺在进行编制工作的同时，作了大量不必要的重复劳动，降低了工作效率。一般都是由技术员编制，完成之后，再由工程师审阅，往往改动较大，而

47、由于项目工程师一般属于土建工程师，所以方案编制完成后，专业工程师往往又要进行较大的改动，所以重复性很大，而且各部分施工内容都脱节，没有整体性。 （3）施工组织设计考虑不全面 现在编制的施工组织设计只作为技术管理制度的一项工作，主要追求施工效益而很少考虑经济效益，存在只注重组织技术措施，而不注重经济管理的内容，以至在实施过程中不讲成本，没有实现经济效益的目标。有的施工单位在编制施工组织设计时重技术轻经济，技术部门与经济部门缺少沟通，以致于对工程结算有重要影响的内容，特别是预算定额中有条件限制执行的项目，在施工组织设计中无明确说明，造成结算中纠纷不断，甚至经济受到损失。 （4）施工组织设计与具体施

48、工剥离 目前施工组织设计的编制经常是设计与实施分离，以致造成施工组织设计只是个形式而已。施工组织设计的编制经常是技术部门的几个技术人员包揽，生产部门中有经验的工长未能参与进来，技术部门搞编制，生产部门搞执行，出现设计与实施分离，实施不按设计，以致造成施工组织设计只是个形式而已，不能真正起到指导施工的作用。 三、施工组织设计优化措施和方法 （1）编制依据的改进措施 编制方应该参考、借鉴先进的施工经验，根据自己工程的特点，将新的施工技术和方法运用到工程施工中，在提高劳动效率的同时，达到降低生产成本的目的。在此提议有关部门成立专门的机构来进行收集，分析归纳，整理发布各类型施工项目的施工组织设计，并奖

49、励积极采用先进施工技术和主动利用新材料、新工艺的单位和个人，以促进先进技术经验得到及时推广和广泛运用，从而推动建筑企业的发展。过去由设计技术部门全权负责施工组织设计编制的作法己不能适应现在的情况，施工企业应实行谁负责项目实施就由谁编制施工组织设计。 （2）编制方法的改进措施 施工企业应基于系统的观念和方法，制定施工组织设计编制工作的标准。工程管理部门收集，分析和归纳建筑工程的大中型项目施工组织设计，并整理发布，有助于推广先进经验，发挥施工组织设计的效益。施工企业在编制施工组织设计时应尽力推广应用信息技术，以便积累经验，通过各技术模块的优化组合，减少编制者的劳动量，提高编制效率和编制质量。施工组

50、织设计的核心是选择合理的施工方案，应根据己积累的施工技术经验，并主动借鉴国内外先进施工技术，结合工程项目的具体情况，在技术可行性及经济合理性两方面比较权衡，从而选出最合理的方案，作为施工组织设计的基础。 （3）编制内容的改进措施 1、施工方案的选定。针对一个工程可以制定不止一种施工方案，其合理性将对工程的施工质量、工期和技术经济效果有直接影响，编制人员在选定施工方案时，应根据工程特点，多方借鉴先进的施工技术，运用现代化的科学管理方法，结合工程实际，从技术及经济上比较，使技术上的可行性同经济上的合理性统一起来。 2、施工组织设计内容。施工组织设计的内容就是根据不同工程的特点和要求，根据现有的和可

51、能创造的施工条件，从事实出发，决定各种生产要素的结合方式。施工组织设计内容应简明扼要，突出目标，结合实际、满足招标文件的需要，要具有竞争性，能体现企业的实力和信誉。 3、平面布置的优化方法。在施工阶段的场地管理中，场地使用以及由此产生的场地调整和二次分配，也是需要研究的对象。施工过程中产生场地冲突的原因主要有：设计原因、安全因素和场地拥挤。场地冲突的解决应在对冲突的原因和程度作充分的评估之后，根据实际情况，综合考虑解决方案。平面布置方法应在结合具体工程项目基础上，遵循因地制宜、因时制宜、有利生产、方便生活、易于管理、安全可靠、经济合理等原则。 4、资源需要量的管理方法.资源均衡是指在一定时间内合理安排工序的持续时间，使可供使用的资源被均衡地消耗。一般来说，理想的资源计划安排是一条平行于时间坐标轴的直线，即保持每日资源需求量不变。可以采用网络计划来调整资源计划，优化单项资源的均衡时，主要采用削峰法和方差法。削峰法是指根据进度计划的资源需求量动态变化曲线，调整资源使用峰值时段内的部分工序的开工时间，尽可能的降低最大资源使用峰值，从而减小资源动态曲线的波动幅度。 结语 分析了现行施工组织设计体系的主要问题，并针对相关问题提出解决措施，旨在遵循在建筑工程施工组织优化设计在保证工程质量的同时，压缩资源充足、费率低的关键工作，以达到安全可靠、经济合理等原则。