理论法学关键法律词汇词汇

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1、理论法学关键法律词汇词汇 jurisprudence，HistoryofLegalSystemsandConstitution法理、法制史、宪法根据法律要求accordingtolaw根据确定的份额分享权力：beentitledtorightsinproportiontohispropershareofthecredit根据确定的份额分担义务：assumeobligationsinproportiontohispropershareofthedebt案例教学法casesystem案例汇编casebook；casereport；lawreport柏拉图Plato保护人权和基础自由条约 1950

2、ConventionfortheProtectionofHumanRightsandFundamentalFreedoms，1950 罗被视为bedeemedas被宣告为非法beoutlawed；bedeclaredillegal比较法comparativelaw比较法学comparativejurisprudence比较法学派schoolofcomparativejurisprudence比较法制史comparativelegalhistory比较分析法methodofcomparativeanalysis比较刑法comparativepenallaw比较刑法学comparativepena

3、ljurisprudence必定因果关系positivecausalrelationship边缘法学borderlinejurisprudence变通措施adaptation；accommodation补充要求supplementaryprovision补救措施remedialmeasures不成文法unwrittenlaw不成文宪法unwrittenconstitution不动产所在地法律lawoftheplacewheretherealpropertyissituated；lexlocireiimmobilisci不可分割的权利impartibleright不可抗力forcemajuere

4、不可侵犯性inviolability不可让和性inalienability不推行法律义务non-performanceofobligation不要式行为informalact不要因的法律行为non-causaljuristicact不因实效而丧失的权利imprescriptibleright不作为abstainfromanact；actofomission部门法departmentlaw部门规章regulation参考consult参考详细情况inthelightofactualconditions参考原文consulttheoriginal查士丁尼法典Codejustinian；Codexj

5、ustinianus查士丁尼法规汇编Authenticum超出法律范围的outsideoflaw超出法律权限的extralegal超出权限exceedauthority；beyondjurisdiction成文法writtenlaw成文宪法writtenconstitution冲突法conflictoflaws；rulesofconflict冲突规则conflictrule；ruleofconflict除 本法 另有要求外exceptforotherwisestipulated bythislaw除外条款provisoryclause除外责任条款exclusionclause触犯公共利益enc

6、roachonthepublicinterests触犯国际利益goagainstthestatesinterests触犯人民利益encroachontheinterestsofthepeople；goagainstthepeoplesinterests传统法律观念traditionalideasoflaw纯粹法学puretheoryoflaw次要法规bylaw次要规则secondaryrule从宽解释标准doctrineofliberalconstruction从权利accessoryright达成法定年纪comeofage大法thefundamentallaw大法官LordHighChanc

7、ellor大法官法院CourtofChancery大陆法系ContinentalLegalSystem大律师barrister大明律CriminalLawoftheMingDynasty 中大陪审团grandjury大清律例theCriminalLawsoftheQingDynasty 中大宪章 1215 GreatCharter，1215 英单行法规specificregulations单一法律体系unitarylegalsystem单一制政府unitarygovernment但书proviso现代法学动向currenttrendofjurisprudence当然解释naturalinter

8、pretation党纪国法partydisciplineandthelawofthecountry道德规范normofmorality道德义务moralobligation德国民法典GermanCivilcode德拉古Draco地方各级人民代表大会localpeoplescongressesatdifferentlevels地方各级人民法院localpeoplescourtsatdifferentlevels地方各级人民检察院localpeoplesprocuratoratesatdifferentlevels地方各级人民政府localpeoplesgovernmentsatdifferent

9、levels第二读secondreading第三读thirdreading二元论thedualistictheory二元君主立宪制dualconstitutionalmonarchysystem二元论thedualistictheory二元论者dualist二元制bicameralsystem法的本质thenatureoflaw法的改变changesoflaw法的定义definitionoflaw法的发展developmentoflaw法的分类divisionsoflaw法的概念conceptsoflaw法的规范作用normalizedusageoflaw法的继承successionoflaw

10、法的精神spiritoflaw法的可预计性foreseeabilityoflaw法的类型typesoflaw法的历史类型的更替thereplacementofonehistoricalmodeoflawbyanother法的历史渊源historicaloriginoflaw法的连续性continuityoflaw法的内容contextsoflaw法的社会作用socialusageoflaw法的生效operationoflaw法的实现realizationoflaw法的特征characteroflaw法的现象legalphenomenon法的消亡witheringawayoflaw法的形式渊源f

11、ormalsourceoflaw法的要素elementsoflaw法的渊源sourceoflaw法的职能functionoflaw法的作用roleoflaw法典code；statutebook法典编纂codificationofcodes法定成年人的年纪ageofmajority；legalage法定程序legalprocedure法定处罚statutorypenalty法定代理人：agentadlitem法定解释statutoryinterpretation法定量刑情节legallyprescribedcircumstancesofsentencing法定年纪legalage；lawfula

12、ge法定年纪限制astatutoryagelimit法定时间prescribedtime法定时限legalterm法定权利legalright；rightentitledbylaw法定权限limitsofpowerprescribedbylaw法定人数quorum法定日appointedday法定时间appointedtime法定时效statutoryprescription法定条件legalcondition法定限制statutoryrestrictions法定效力statutoryforce法定刑legally-prescribedpunishment法定形式legalform法定责任st

13、atutoryduty法定追溯期timeoflegalmemory法定最高刑maximumstatutorypenalty；maximumstatutorysentence法官judge法官的自由裁量权judgespowerofdiscretion法官权力范围extentofjudgespower法官心证judgesmentalimpression法官中立标准Nemodebtessejudexinpropriacausa法规编纂condificationoflawsandregulations法规的解释interpretationofstatutes法规汇编corpusofthelawsand

14、regulations法国民法典CodeCiviledeFrancais 法法理jurisprudence；principleoflaw法理学家jurisprudent法律保护legalprotection法律编纂codification法律标准legalstandards法律补救legalredress法律部门legaldepartment法律草案draftregulations法律方法legalmeasures法律大全Corpuslegum法律的本土化和改写thelocalizationandadaptiionoflaws法律的本质essenceoflaw法律的地位positionofla

15、w法律的定义definitionoflaw法律的废止abolishmentoflaw法律的公共秩序论publicordertheoryoflaw法律的规范性normalizationoflaw法律的继承successionoflaw法律的理想idealoflaw法律的权威authorityoflaw法律的失效lapseoflaw法律的实施administrationoflaw；lawenforcement法律的适用applicationoflaw法律的统一unificationoflaw法律的推定presumptionoflaw法律的推理analogyoflaw法律的完整性integrityo

16、flaw法律的效力范围forcesscaleoflaw法律的效力形式forcesformoflaw法律的修改alterationoflaw法律的演进evolutinoflaw法律的原理principleoflaw法律地位平等equalinlegalstatus法律对人的效力personalactoflaw编纂法律方法legalmethodology法律分类classificationoflaw法律给予权力authorityconferredbylaw法律改革lawreform法律概念legalconcept法律依据legalbasis法律工作者legalprofessional法律关系lega

17、lrelation法律关系的运行processoflegalrelation法律关系客体objectoflegalrelation法律关系主体subjectoflegalrelation法律要求provisionsoflaw法律规范normoflaw法律规范的逻辑结构logicalstructureoflegalrule法律规则体系systemoflegalrules法律含义intendmentoflaw法律另有要求：otherwisestipulatedbylaw法律现象legalphenomenon法律研究legalresearch法律要件legalrequirement法律依据legal

18、basis法律意见legaladvice法律意见书legalopinion法律意识law-consciousness法律意义legalsense法律用语legallanguage法律和正义先验论apriortheoryoflawandjustice法律渊源sourceoflaw法律原本注释gloss法律原理legaldoctrines法律标准principleoflegality法律援助legalaid法律约束legalbinding；legalrestraint法律责任legalresponsibility法律责任的道义基础moralbasicoflegalobligation法律责任的归结

19、imputatonoflegalresponsibility法律责任的认定determinationoflegalresponsibility法律责任的实施enforcementoflegalresponsibility法律责任客体objectoflegalresponsibility法律责任主体subjectoflegalresponsibility法律哲学philosophyoflaw；philosophiedudroit 法 ；philosophiajuris法律政策policyofthelaw法律职业道德legalethics法律指导legalcounsel法律制裁legalsanct

20、ion法律制度regimeoflaw；legalsystem法律秩序legalorder法律主体资格capacityasasubjectoflaw法律主张propositionoflaw法律属地标准territorialityoflaws法律著述legalliterature法律教授legalexpert法律专业legalprofession法律专著和教科书legaltreatiseandtextbook法律咨询legaladvice法律尊严legalsanctity法盲legalilliterates法权right法社会学sociologyoflaw法系legalsystem法协会lawso

21、ciety法学jurisprudence法学博士doctorofjurisprudence法学导论leadingprinciplesoflaw法学的范围体系thesystemofcategoriesofjurisprudence法学的范围意识theconsciousnessofcategoryofjurisprudence法学的基石范围fundamentalcategoriesofjurisprudence法学方法methodofjurisprudence法学方法论methodologyofjurisprudence法学会lawsociety法学教科书lawtextbooks法学理论theor

22、yoflaw；legaltheory法学权威anacademicauthorityinlaw法学士bacheloroflaw法学体系systemofjurisprudence法学通论firstprinciplesoflaw法学院facultyoflaw；lawschool法医forensicmedicine法医学forensicmedicine法院court法院调查judicialinvestigation法院管辖权competenceofcourt法院管辖以外的extrajudicial法院判决courtdecision法院系统courtstructure法院组织法judicatureact

23、法则articles法哲学philosophyoflaw法制legalinstitution法制传统traditionoflawsystem法制的精神spiritoflegality法制的尊严dignityofthelegalsystem法制观念legalconcept法制观念淡薄veryweakintheunderstandingoflaw法制教育legaleducation；educationoflegalsystem法制史legalhistory；historyoflegalsystem法治ruleoflaw法治的机制themechanismofruleoflaw法治的要素theelem

24、entofruleoflaw非实质的immaterial非营利的non-profit非约束性条款permissiveprovision废止法律annulmentoflaw分别管辖权separatejurisdiction分别财产制separationofpropertyregime分别要求separateprovision分担责任sharetheresponsibility分工负责，相互配合，相互制约divideresponsibilityfortheirownwork；coordinatetheireffortsandcheckeachother分工负责制divisionoflaborres

25、ponsibilitysystem分级管理differentlevelsholdingdifferentresponsibilities分配制度distributionsystem分析法理学analyticaljurisprudence否决权powerveto；vetopower否认事实denialoffacts服从法律amenabletolaw；subjecttothelaw服从判决acceptajudgment符合程序beinorder符正当律beinconformitywithlaw符合宪法constitutionality符合宪法的法律constitutionallaw符合标准bein

26、conformitywiththeprinciple盖尤斯Gaius概括裁定generalverdict概括继承generalsuccession干扰司法公正interferencewithcourseofjustice刚性条款entrenchedclause刚性宪法rigidconstitution岗位责任制postresponsibilitysystem高等法院highcourt；highcourtofjustice高度集中highlycentralize高度民主highlevelofdemocracy高度自治权highdegreeofautonomy高级法官seniorjudge高级法院

27、superiorcourt高级人民法院HigherPeoplesCourt高级人民检察院HigherPeoplesProcuratortate搁置setaside；abeyance格式条款clauseofstyle公认的行为准则establishedstandardofconduct规避法律infraudoflaw规避义务evadeobligations规范的法律规则normativeruleoflaw规范法学normativejurisprudence规范性法律文件normalizativedocumentoflaw规范性法律文件的规范化normalizationofnormativeleg

28、aldocument国际法internationallaw国际法学internationaljurisprudence过失方tort-feasor；wrongdoer过失推定标准doctrineofpresumption过失责任liabilityforwrongs；tortliability海事法院courtofadmiralty汉穆拉比法典CodeofHammurabi合并条款consolidationofprovisions正当的个人财产legalpersonalproperty正当地位legalstatus正当权益thelawfulrightsandinterests正当行为lawful

29、acts；legalityofpurpose合宪性constitutionality衡平法equity衡平法规则ruleofequity衡平法学equityjurisprudence衡平法院CourtofChancery 美 ；CourtofEquity 英后法替代前法Alaterstatutetakesawaytheeffectofapriorone.后法优于前法lexposteriorderogatpriori户籍所在地：theplacewherehisresidenceisregistered互为因果reciprocalcausation基础法fundamentallaw基础法律规范ba

30、sicnormoflaw基础方针basicpolicies基础权利和义务basicrightsandduties基础司法概念和假设basiclegalconceptionandassumption技术性法规technicallegalrule家庭法familylaw建立法律关系createlegalrelations教会法canonlaw教会法大全CorpusjurisCanonici教会法学家decretalists解释法律的技术规则technicalruleofinterpretation解释权powerofinterpretation近因immediatecause禁治产人imbecil

31、e；interdictedperson常常居住地：habitualresidence经法律确定的ascertainedbylaw经法律许可authorizedbylaw经验法学scholastictheoriesoflaw纠问式审判trialbyinspectionorexamination含有法律约束力的文件legallybindinginstrument含有相同效力的withequalauthenticity含有约束力的判例bindingprecedent绝对衡平法absoluteequity君主立宪制度constitutionalmonarchy开罗会议CairoConference凯恩

32、斯主义keynesianism可撤销的法律行为revocablejuristicact可让和性alienability可使用方法律强制实施的enforceableatlaw可预见的foreseeable可直接适用的法律directlyapplicablelaw可追溯的retrospective客观条件objectivecondition客观原因objectivefactor客体object扩充解释amplifiedinterpretation理论法理学派theoreticaljurisprudenceschool理性决定说theoryofrationaldecision理性认识conceptu

33、alknowledge历史法学historicaljurisprudence历史法学派historicalschooloflaw历史解释historicalinterpretation立法机构legislativebody立法权law-makingpower；legislativepower立法委任权legislationmandate立法效力legislativeeffect立法议案bills立法者law-maker；legislator立宪constitutionalism利益冲突conflictofinterests利害关系人interestedperson连带法律关系jointlega

34、lrelations连带责任jointandseveralobligation论了解释logicalinterpretation罗马法RomanLaw；jusRomanum罗马法系Roman-LawSystem罗马皇帝优士丁尼一世justinianI罗马法理学jurisprudential罗马法律汇编RomanDigest罗马法学派schoolofRomanists罗马日耳曼法系Roman-Germanicfamily罗马私法jusPrivatum逻辑解释logicalinterpretation马伯里诉麦迪逊案马克思主义法律理论Marxism-leninism马克思主义法学Marxistju

35、risprudence马克思主义法学家Marxistjurist没有事实依据的unsubstantial美国国际法协会AmericanInstituteofInternationalLaw美国海事法庭美国联邦地域法院UnitedStatesdistrictcourts美国联邦法官federaljudge没有法律依据的lawless没有判决先例的案件caseoffirstimpression民法大全CorpusjurisCivilis民法典civilcode民法法系Civil-LawSystem民法通则：GeneralPrinciplesoftheCivilLaw民法学scienceofcivi

36、llaw民事案件中“占有优势证据”的标准“byapreponderanceofevidence”incivilcases民事权利能力：thecapacityforcivilrights民事权益：civilrightsandinterests民事诉讼法学CivilProcedureLaw民事制裁civilpunishment；civilsanction民政部门：thecivilaffairsdepartment明代法规lawsandregulationsofMingDynasty明示或默示的expressorimplied默示表示communicationbyimplication拿破仑法典Th

37、eCodeNapolean内部规章internalregulations纳妾制concubinage南京条约 1843 TreatyofNanking，1843拟制理论fictiontheory拟制买卖mancipatio欧洲大陆法continentallaw偶然权利contingentright偶然因果关系fortuitouscausalrelationship偶然原因accidentalia偶因accidentalcause排她的权利righttoexcludeallothers派生的权利derivedright派生取得derivativeacquisition判例法系CaseLawSys

38、tem一般法法系Common-LawSystem判例法系CaseLawSystem判例汇编reports；reportsofjudgments一般法commonlaw一般法法系Common-LawSystem一般法上的赔偿common-lawremedy一般法上的过失common-lawnegligence一般法上的留置权common-lawlien一般法学generaljurisprudence强制措施coercivemethod强制要求mandatoryprovisions强制性法规mandatoryruleoflaw强制性条款mandatoryterm侵犯财产权propertytorts

39、侵权行为法tortlaw侵权责任tortiousliability清理法规checkuplawsandregulations区域性法律体系regionalsystemoflaws取证obtainevidence确权之诉affirmativepetitoryaction；causeforownershipaffirmation确定之诉actionforconfirmation；actioconfessoria权威解释authenticinterpretation人法humanlaw，statutepersonalia人格减等capitisdeminutio人身不可侵犯inviolabilityo

40、ftheperson人身非财产关系personalnon-propertyrelations人身关系personalrelation任意解释arbitraryinterpretation日耳曼法Germaniclaw柔性宪法flexibleconstitution三权分立separationofpowers善意推定presumptionofgoodfaith商法commerciallaw商法典codeofcommerce社会法学sociologicaljurisprudence社会关系socialrelations社会规范socialregulation社会连带主义法学socialsolida

41、rismjurisprudence社会契约论theoryofsocialcontract社会团体：socialorganization社会主义法学socialistjurisprudence社会主义法制socialistlegalsystem；socialistruleoflaw神法divinelaw神权说theoryofdivineright审查制度censorship；inspectionsystem审计监督supervisethroughauditing审计监督权powertosupervisethroughauditing生效条款operativeclause失效法律expiredla

42、ws失效日expirydate施行细则implementaryprovisions实证主义法学派thepositivistschool十二表法TwelveTables实体法materiallaw；substantiallaw实体法上的抗辩substantialdefense实体权利substantiveright实用主义法学judicialpragmaticism实在法positivelaw实在法学positivejurisprudence实在法学派positivist实在主义法学positivistjurisprudence实证法学positivejurisprudence实质条款mater

43、ialstipulation实质性的瑕疵defectofsubstance实质性解释materialinterpretation事实的推定presumptionoffact机关：institution适使用方法律referencetothelaw；applicablelaw适用范围areaofapplication；sphereofapplication适用中国法律：begovernedbythelawofPRC ThelawofPRCshallapplyto溯及既往标准doctrineofretroactivity溯及力retrospect；retrospectiveeffect损害赔偿da

44、mages梭伦Solon弹性宪法elasticconstitution尤其程序specialprocedure尤其但书specialproviso尤其法speciallaw特殊主体specialsubject提案motion；overture；proposal提出抗辩raiseaplea；raiseaplead条约法lawoftreaties同态复仇retaliation推定正当presumptionoflegality停止生效ceasetohaveeffect外国法foreignlaw外国法制史foreignlegalhistory外国人待遇foreignertreatment完全民事权利能

45、力：fullcapacityforcivilconduct完全丧失行为能力的人personentirelyincapableoflegaltransaction完全无行为能力absolutedisability万民法jusgentium违法组成要件essentialconditionofdelict违宪violationofconstitution乌尔比安Ulpianus无国籍人：statelesspersons无条件解释unconditionalinterpretation无效的法律voidlaw无效法律行为voidact；actwithoutlegaleffect物权property西塞罗

46、MarcusTulliusCicero习惯法customlaw细则detailedrulesandregulations；detailsby-laws狭义解释narrowdefinition下文另有要求者除外exceptashereinafterprovided先决条件precedentcondition；prerequisite现实主义法学realismjurisprudence现行法律currentlaw；existinglaw限制解释restrictiveinterpretation宪法的解释interpretationofconstitution宪法修正案constitutioname

47、ndment宪法学constitutionaljurisprudence相对主义法学relativistjurisprudence新分析法学newanalyticaljurisprudence新律NewLaw，Novellae行为规范codeofconduct学说编纂thePandekta形式主义法学formalistjurisprudence亚里士多德Aristotle严格解释strictinterpretation严重不法行为aggravatedmisconduct；grossmisbehavior严重违法breakthelawonaseriousscale要件importantcondi

48、tion；essentialcondition通常客体generalobject通常权利能力generallegalcapacity通常主体generalsubject一事不再理的确保guaranteeagainstdoublejeorpardy依法办案handlecasesaccordingtolaw依法独立行使职权independentexerciseofpowerswithintheframeworkofthelaw根据法律的要求asprescribedbylaw以法律为准绳takelawasthecriterion依法治国genuineruleoflaw；runningthecount

49、ryaccordingtolaw义务性规范obligatoryrule义务主体subjectofduty英美法系Anglo-AmericanLegalSystem永恒法eternallaw优士丁尼法典theCodexjustinianus优士丁尼皇帝justinian优士丁尼民法大全 国法大全 CorpusjurisCivilis有法必依ensurethatlawsareobserved有法律约束力legallybinding有条件解释conditionalinterpretation使用期间timeofeffect；termofvalidity和法律要求不符againsttheformsof

50、thestatute和法律相抵触的行为actgoingagainstthelaw域外效力extraterritorialeffect援引法律条文invokealegalprovision古罗马的 元老院theSenate约束力binding；bindingeffect在法律的范围内withinthelaw暂行条例interimregulations；provisionalregulation整体法学integrativejurisprudence正当权益justifiedrights；legitimateinterests正式解释officialinterpretation正式渊源formal

51、source政法学院instituteofpoliticalscienceandlaw知法犯法deliberatelybreakthelaw执法必严ensurethatlawsenforcementbestrict执法人员lawenforcementofficials实施权enforcementpower直接有意actualintent；directintent直接后果immediateconsequence直接客体directobject直接主体directsubject制订法statute制宪权constituentpower治外法权extraterritoriality；extrater

52、ritorialjurisdiction中端时效interrupttherunningofthestatuteoflimitation中国大陆的法律lawofChinasmainland中国法制Chineselegalsystem中国法制史Chineselegalhistory中国特色的社会主义法制socialistlegalsystemwithChinesecharacter中华法系Chineselegalsystem中国香港尤其行政区基础法theBasiclawofHongkongSpecialAdministrativeRegionofthePeoplesRepublicofChina关键法律体系principallegalsystem自然法naturallaw自然法学派naturallawschool组成合议庭开庭审理：formacollegialpaneltoconductthetrial最高国家权力机关highestorganofstatepower最高人民法院的解释interpretationofsupremepeoplescourt遵照先例标准TheDoctrineofStare作为或不作为actoromission责任xx：熠淏