初中英语近义词辨析

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1、初中英语近义词辨析1.interesting moving amazing surprising amazing（修饰物）interested moved amazed surprised amazed （修饰人）eg：We are moved at the moving film.2.pay spend cost take 这四个词都有花费的意思 Sb pay some money for sth.(人做主语,结构是pay.for)Sb spent some money on sth 或 sb spend some money (in) doing sth(人做主语,结构为spend on/

2、spend in dong) Sth cost sb some money.(物做主语)It takes sb some time/money to do sth(形式主语it)Eg:我花了五元钱买这本书.( 注意时态用过去时)I paid five yuan for the book. The book cost me five yuan.I spent fiveyuan on the book=I spent five yuan (in) buying the book.It took me five yuan to buy the book 3.cross .across. crossi

3、ng. through .over(常区别across.through与over)across 指在物体的表面穿过 through指在物体的空间穿过over指崇山峻岭上穿过cross是动词 across是介词 crossing是名词4.in front of (没有范围) in the front of (有一定的范围限制) 在前面 Eg:He sat in the front of the bus. The bus 形成一定的范围He sat in front of me.(无范围)5.leave 与forget (忘记) leave+物+地点 forget+物不能加地点 6.beautif

4、ul handsome (漂亮的)beautiful指女性 handsome指男性7.in hospital in the hostipal (在医院) 这类词有很多,加the不加the不一样In hospital 指生病住院 in the hospital指在医院工作或去探视8.at table (在吃饭=having meals) at the table 在座子旁边仅指位置9.bring.take.carry.fetch 都有“携带”的意思bring指带来 take指带走 fetch指去取回来 carry指搬运重物10.some 肯定句 already肯定句 and肯定句 too肯定/疑

5、问句 any 否定/疑问句 yet否定/疑问句 or否定/疑问句 either否定句11.good well 都有“好”之意 good是形容词 well 是副词12. many much 都是“大量的”many+可数名词复数much+不可数名词13. too many too much much too 大量的 没有many too词组 too many+可数名词复数 too much+不可数名词 much too+形容词、副词14.each every 都有“每一个的”意思 each 可以和of连用 every指三者以上的每一个，不能和of连用 both指两者都 all大于等于三者 eith

6、e指两者中的任意一个neither指两者中的一个也没有 none指三者中的一个也没有15.otheranotherothersthe other 与 else(1) another是指不定数目中的“另一个”；the other是指两个人或两样事物中的“另一个”;The others = the rest剩余的全部:当我们在两样事物中任选一样时，应用one or the other；在三样或三样以上任选一样时，应用 one or other或one or another。(2) other +名词复数;another+名词单数;others=other+名词复数,泛指;the other 特指,

7、常用于one.the other的句型中;else=other+物(3) 泛指另一个用another; 一定范围内两人(物)，一个用one，另一个用the other;一定范围内三者，一个用one，另一个用one (another)，第三个可用the other，a third;一定范围内，除去一部分人/物，剩余的全部用the others。泛指别的人或物时，用others当在一定范围内，除去一部分后，剩余部分但不是全部时，也用others。16. find 找的结果；see看的结果； hear听的结果； Look for 找的动作； look at看的动作； listen to听的动作。17

8、.and-with 和 的意思 and能做并列主语 with不能做并列主语18.hopewish 希望 hope不能加人在加to do,而wish可以. hope to do=wish to do hope +that从句 =wish+that从句19.because-because of 因为 because+句子 because of+短语(跟名词、代词、动名词)20.arriveget to reach 到达 （1） arrive 不及物,到达某地要加介词in/at（in+大地方，at+小地方） （2） get 之后通常接介词 to。如：When we got to the park,

9、it began to rain. 我们到达公园时，就开始下雨了。* 在谈到火车、汽车等或乘客等到站时，通常用 get in *如：The bus gets in at five thirty. 汽车五点半到站。（3） reach 通常是及物动词(较 get 更正式)，其后可直接跟地点名词作宾语(不能用介词)。如：He reached Beijing yesterday. 他昨天到达北京。21.say-speak-tell-talk说,讲Say指说的内容 speak+语言 talk指谈话 tell讲故事或真理22Stop to do stop doing 停止做某事 (类似的词也很多)Stop

10、 to do 指停止一件事情去做另一件事情 stop doing指停止正在做的事情23.put onwearindress Put on 指穿的动作；wear指穿的状态；in是介词in+颜色；dress+人。 24.ago-before 从前 ago是过去时的标志 before是完成时的标志25.fewlittlea fewa littleFew 表示否定+可数名词复数 a few表示肯定+可数名词复数Little表示否定+不可数名词复数 a little表示肯定+不可数名词复数26.wholeall 整个的 whole用在the之后 all用在the之前27 illsick 有病的 都可以做

11、表语,但ill不能做定语 sick可以28.win-beat 赢,获胜 win+比赛项目 beat+人29.tooto so thatnot enough 太以至于.too . to,so .that,not.enough 意思相近，但用法有所区别：(1). too . to:太.以至于不能The stone is too heavy (for him) to move.这块石头太重了以至于（他）不能搬动。(2). so . that 太.以至于The stone is so heavy that he cant move it.这块石头太重了以至于（他）不能搬动。(3). not . eno

12、ugh 没有到达.的程度The stone is not light enough (for him) to move.这块石头没有轻到（他）能搬动的程度。30.borrow-lend 借 borrow指借入,常用于borrow sth from sb lend指借出 lend sth to sb31.aloneloely 单独的 lonely “孤单的，寂寞的”，但更强调指渴望陪伴的孤独感受（单独还有情感上的孤独）。如：A lonely young sailor felt sorry for himself because his girlfriend no longer loved him

13、.孤独的青年海员由于女友不再爱他而非常伤心。 Alone意为“单独的，一个人的”，表示客观上无人陪伴（单独并不孤独），一般只作表语。如:He was alone, but he didnt feel lonely.他虽独自一人，但并不感到孤独。 32.such-so 如此 Such+名词 so+形容词/副词 so+形+a/an+名= such+a/an+形+名so+many/much/few/little+形+名such+形+不可数名词/可数名词复数 33.except-beside 除了,除之外except 指在整体中除去一部分 beside指除之外还有34.true-real 真实的 tr

14、ue指正确与错误 real指真假35.forget to do与forget doing remember todo与remember doing Forget to do事情没有做就忘了 forget doing指做完了忘了36. used to do-be used to dobe used to doingbe used forused to +动原 指过去常常做某事 be used to doing 习惯于做某事be used to+动原是被动形式=be used for doing sth 被用于做某事37.look up- look atlook outlook afterlook

15、 aslook38.put upput awayput onput off39.be made ofbe made from-be made inbe made bybe made into-be made up ofbe made of有.构成 能看出原材料来(衣服类的全部用be made of)be made from有.构成 看不出原材料be made into被制成.be made in+地点be made by+人be made up of有.组成40.in the way-on the way- by theway in the way挡道,妨碍on the way在的路上 by

16、theway顺便问一下41.hundred-thousandmillionbillion 有具体数字时不加s不加of 无具体数字时加s加ofEg:八百个学生eight hundred students好几百学生 hundreds of students42.five years old-five-year-old 五岁 43.be good forbe good atbe good for对有益 be good at 擅长=do well in44.some timesome timessometimesometimessome tome指一段时间 some times指许多次 once tw

17、ice的累加sometime指将来某时 sometimes指有时=at times45.fartherfurther olderelder farther指距离上的远近 further指程度上的 older 纯指年龄上大小 elder含指长幼辈份关系46.sound, voice ,noise.sound指自然界各种各样的声音 voice指人的嗓音 noise指噪音47.a number of，the number of a number of许多 谓语动词用复数 the number of.的总数,谓语动词用单数48.none no one nothing none(强调有多少) 与all是

18、反义词用how many提问 nothing 与 no one强调没有 nothing指物what提问 no one指人用who提问49.fast quick fast指速度快,形副同形 quick指时间上快 副词是quickly50.join join in take part injoin sb join in+党派,团体 take part in+大型的活动,运动51.living alive live lively52.put on put off put away put down 53. look at look after look up look as54. instead ,

19、 instead of两者都有“代替”之意。但两者词性不同，用法各异。不可互换替换使用。 instead 意为“代替”，是副词，通常单独位于句首，作状语用。例如：1）Now you are very busy. Ill clean the windows instead.现在你很忙，我来（替你）擦窗户。 2）Give me this instead.请改拿这个给我吧。 instead of 是介词短语，主要有两个意思：1）表示“代替”后接名词或代词。例如：Mr Li teaches us English instead of Mr Wang this month.这个月李老师代替王老师教我们英

20、语。He was ill yesterday. I went there instead of him. 他昨天病了，我替他区了那里。2）表示“而不是”之意，后接名词或V-ing 形式。例如：Ill go to Guilin instead of Hangzhou during the summer vacation. 今年暑假我要去桂林，而不是去杭州。Li Mei went to see Granny Li instead of staying at home.李梅没有呆在家里，而是去看李奶奶了。-whatever，whoever，whichever，whenever，wherever, h

21、owever用法一、引导状语从句它们都可用来引导状语从句(让步状语从句)，其大意为“无论什么(是谁、哪一个、什么时候、什么地方、如何)”等，相当于英语中的 no matter what (who, which, when, where, how)。如：Whatever No matter what you say, I believe you. 无论你说什么，我都相信你。Whoever No matter who telephones, tell them Im out. 不管是谁打电话，都说我出去了。Whichever No matter which day you come, Ill be

22、 pleasedto see you. 无论你哪天来，我都欢迎。Whenever No matter when you come, you are welcome. 你什么时候来，我们都欢迎。We found the people friendly wherever no matter where we went. 无论我们走到哪里，我们都发现人们很友好。However No matter how much he eats, he never gets fat. 无论他吃多少，他都不发胖。注：有时从句谓语可用情态动词：无论他在哪里，我都要找到他。正：Ill find him, wherever

23、 he is.正：Ill find him, wherever he may be.无论发生什么事都要保持冷静。正：Keep calm, whatever happens.正：Keep calm, whatever may happen.另外，whoever 的宾格也是 whoever, 而不是 whomever, 后者在现代英语已基本不用，有的词典已不收录此词。如：Whoever you marry, make sure he can cook. 不管你跟谁结婚，他一定要会做饭才行。二、引导名词性从句除引导状语从句外，whatever, whoever, whichever等还可引导名词性从

24、句(主语从句或宾语从句)。如：He does whatever she asks him to do. 她要他做什么，他就做什么。I will just say whatever comes into my mind. 我想到什么就说什么。Whoever breaks the rules will be punished. 谁违反这些规则都将受到处罚。Ill give the ticket to whoever wants it. 请想要这票，我就把它给谁。Whichever team gains the most points wins. 哪个队得分最多，哪个队就赢。Whichever of

25、 us gets home first starts cooking. 我们当中无论哪个先到家，哪个就先开始做饭。三、用于加强语气有时用于加强语气，含有“究竟”、“到底”之义。如：Whatever What ever do you mean? 你到底是什么意思?Whenever When ever did you find time to do it? 你什么时候有空做这事?Wherever Where ever can the children be? 孩子们究竟会在哪里呢?Whoever Who ever told you that? 到底是谁告诉你的呢?Whichever Which e

26、ver did you choose? 你到底选了哪个?However How ever did you escape? 你到底是怎样逃出来的?-定语从句引导词的用法1、如果先行词是all, much, anything, something, nothing, everything, little, none等不定代词，引导词一般只用that，不用which。例如： （1） All the students that are very happy. （2） Everything that teachers say is very helpful.2、如果先行词被形容词最高级以及first,

27、last, any, only, few, mush, no, some, very等词修饰，引导词常用that,不用which, who，或whom。例如：（1） The first lesson that is very funny.（2） He is the only one person that works very hard3、which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and,this 相似，并可以指人。例如： He succeeded in the c

28、ompetition, which made his parents very happy.4、如果作先行词的集体名词着眼于集体的整体，引导词用which;若是指集体中的各个成员，则用who。例如： （1） The Smiths who went to the party were happy. （2） The family which went to the party was happy.5、先行词有两个，一个指人，一个指物，引导词应该用that。例如： （1） The boy and the football that are in the picture are very lovely

29、. （2） The girl and her dog that walk on the street are peaceful.6、如果先行词是anyone,anybody, everyone,everybody,someone,somebody,引导词应该用 who 或whom，不用 which。例如： Is there anyone here who will go with you?语法练习题100道1.That woman has a bag in her right hand. Whats in her _ hand? A. another B. other C. one D. Th

30、e other2.Could you give me _ second chance please? A. an B. / C. the D a3.Black, _ father of _ Tom, lost his new watch. A. /, / B. the, the C. the, / D. /,the4. Do you know Susans address? Yes. She lives _ 201, Dongchang Road, Liaocheng City. A. in B. at C. along D. on5.What do you think of the repo

31、rt on the UFO? Great! Many students were interested in it and they kept on standing _ the end of the meeting A. until B. in C. on D. about6. _ the sports meeting might be put off. Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told7. Shirley _ a book about China las

32、t year but I dont know whether she has finished it. A. has written B. wrote C. had written D. was writing8. We dont allow _ in this room. A. smoking B. to smoke C. people smoking D. people to smoking9. I havent got a chair _. Will you make room for me? A. to sit B. to sit in C. for sitting D. sittin

33、g on10. Are you from America? No, neither of us. A. each B. both C. all D. neither11. Have you _ your father recently? No. He doesnt often write to me. A. heard about B. heard of C. heard from D. got from12. _did you sleep last night? I was reading too late to fall asleep. A. How long B. Why C. How

34、soon D. How13. Has Jack finished his homework yet? Ive no idea, But he _ it the whole afternoon. A. would do B. was doing C. did D. had done14. Hes never stolen anything before, _ he? _. Its his third time to be taken to police station. A. hasnt; Yes B. is; Yes C. has; Yes D. has; No15. I will spend

35、 as much time as I _ the lesson. A. can go over B. can to go over C. can going over D. go over16. She _ his number in the phone book to make sure that she had got it right. A. looked for B. looked up C. looked after D. looked like17. Every morning, WE are asked _ taken our temperatures. A. if we hav

36、e B. if have we C. if we had D. if had we18. I will give _ students _ minutes for them to finish their exercise A. the other; other five B. the other; another five C. other; five more D. other; more five19. I called you just now, but you werent in. Sorry, I _ the reading room. A. was in B. have gone

37、 to C. studied D. had been to20. The family _ at the lunch table when someone came to tell them what had happened at _. A. were sitting; Mr. Brown B. were sitting; Mr. Browns C. was sitting; Mr. Brown D. was sitting; Mr. Browns21. _ you the truth, she knows nothing about it. A. To tell B. Telling C.

38、 Tell D. Told22.The old man walked in the street, _. A. followed by his son B. followed his son B. and following his son D. and followed by his son23.Jims family went to visit _ family last night. A. Miss Suns B. the Suns C. the White D. Miss Suns24.They stopped _ and _ out to play when they _ the b

39、ell ring or rest. A. working; went; heard B. work; to go; C. working; go; hearing D. working; going; heard25.I am going to Qingdao and stay there for a week. _ you are there, would you please buy some books for me? A. If B. While C. Since D. As soon as26. Its very kind _ you to get the tickets _ the

40、 World Cup. A. for, of B. of, for C. of, to D. to, for27. How many teachers are there in your school?_, I think. But I dont know the exact number. A. hundred B. Hundreds C. Hundreds of D. Hundreds or thousands28. Will you stay for lunch? Sorry, _. My brother is coming to see me. A. I mustnt B. I can

41、t C. I neednt D. I wont29. When he was there, he _ go to that coffee shop at the corner after work every day. A. would B. should C. had better D. might30.There _ no hurry, need there? A. need be B. need to be C. doesnt D. needs31. Im afraid I wont come _ 7 and 9. I will be at work then. A. until B.

42、between C. during D. for32. Butter and cheese _ in price. A. has gone up B. is gone up C. have gone up D. are gone up33._ neither you nor he enjoy fast food? A. Do B. Does C. Is D. Are34.In our country every boy and every girl _ the right to education. A. has B. have C. is D. are35.A man of words an

43、d not of deeds _ a garden full of weed. A. like B. likes C. is like D. are like36.Would you like some coffee? Yes, please. By the way, do you have any milk? I prefer coffee _ milk. A. from B. with C. to D. for37.These Germans want to have some _ for supper, so they decide to catch _ now. A. fish; ma

44、ny B. fishes; much C. fish; much D. fishes; many38.What do you think of his surfing? Oh, no one does _. A. good B. well C. better D. best39.Arent you tired, Kate?_. I like going shopping. A. Not at all B. Im so sorry C. Youre welcome D.Y es, of course40.Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomor

45、row. _ A.I dont B.I wont C.I cant D.I havent41.The book _ you want is on the desk.Which of the following isnt right? A. that B. which C. / D .it42.Ill never forget the days _ we spent together in the country. A. which B. on which C. when D. on that43.Is that book _ he borrowed on Friday? A. that B.

46、which C. the one D. who44.The number of people who _ cars of their own is increasing. A. has B. have C. there is D. there are45.The first school _ we visited yesterday is not far from here. A. that B. which C. to which D. where46. I have the same pen _. A. which you have B. as yours C. that you are

47、D. as you47.The train _ she was traveling was five minutes late. A. that B. on that C. by which D. on which48.The teacher said _ wanted to go to the cinema must be there before 6:00, A. those who B. that C. who D. which49._ has questions is welcome to ask. A. Who B. Anyone C. Those D. Anyone who50.T

48、om is one of the people who _ they are now. A. from B. like C. with D. as51.The teacher asked _ students to do homework ourselves. A. the B. his C. some D. us52._ either you or I good at drawing? A. Am B. Are C Is D. Do53.The room _ as a meeting room. A. used to being used B. was used to being used

49、C. used to be used D. was used to be used54.The boy was seen _ the piano at 9 yesterday evening. A. to play B. play C. playing D. played55.Last month Miss Han _ a doctor. A. married with B. married to C. was married with D. got married to56.Its time for Meimei and _ to the Palace Museum. A. I going

50、B. I to go C. me going D. me to go57._ a year does your school have sports meeting?Twice a year. A. How often B. How soon C. How long D. How many times58.There are four pairs of socks to _, but the woman doesnt know _ to buy. A. choose from; which B. choose from; what C. choose; which D. choose; wha

51、t59.It is in 1960 _ Chinese first put out flag on Mount Qomolangma. A. when B. that C. which D. in which60.The old men who gave away lots of money _ highly of at yesterdays meeting. A. spoke B. spoken C. was spoken D. were spoken61.Mr.Black, some boys are going to flight. Youd better _ the police. A

52、. send for B. send to C. look for D. look over62.Many _ trees must be planted every year. A. thousand B. thousand of C. thousands of D. thousand63.The post office is not far from here. Its only ten _ by bike. A. minute B. minutes C. minutes D. minutes64.She doesnt know the school, but its _ to be qu

53、ite a good one. A. told B. spoken C. talked D. said65.You must leave here now _ your mother can get some more rest. A. became B. though C. so that D. so66.Lucy, _ all your things on the desk. A. puts away B. put away C. takes away D. take away67. (At the doctors) Its nothing serious, doctor? No, _.

54、A. youll be all right soon B. You wont be all right soon B. Theres some trouble with you D. Its very serious68.We cant buy _ much mutton with _ little money. A. so, much B. such, so C. so, so D. such, such69.There is _ W in the word woman ,and _ M is the third letter of the word. A. a; an B. an; / C

55、. an; the D. a; the70.Need he come a little earlier? Yes, he _. A. can B. must C. need D. neednt71.John plays football _, if not better than David. A. as well B. as well as C. so well D. so well as72.Naturally, after I told her what to do, my daughter _ go and do the opposite. A. may B. can C. must

56、D. should73._ Yancheng today is more beautiful now. Mr. Jackson said he would visit it _ fourth time. A. The; / B. The; the C./;a D. The; a 74.To tell you the truth, I became a college student at 15. _. A. You must be B. Thank goodness C. You dont say so D. It doesnt matter75.Excuse me, can you show

57、 me _ to run the machine? A. what B .if C. whether D. where76.Today some newly-produced mobile phones can take pictures _ a camera. A. as B. for C. like D. of77.I felt it is right _ you should know. A. whether B. and C. that D. how78.A fool has gained nothing from the time _, for he _ nothing. A. pa

58、ssing; has paid B. passed; has been paid C. passing; has been paid D. passed; has paid79.This kind of T-shirt is _. A. easily worn out B. easy worn out C. easy to worn out D. easily to be worn out80.Jims father said to him, I hope you _ what I _ you to buy. A. didnt forget, told B. not to forget, ha

59、ve told C. wont forget, have told D. havent forgotten, will tell81. Its your turn to be on duty. _ A. So am I B. So it is C. So I am D. So it is 82.The TV needs _. A. to repair B. repaired C. being repaired D. to be repaired83.They are _ there. A. near B. to near C. near to D. nearly84.The boy said he wouldnt eat _. A. any longer B. no longer C. any more D. no more85.Nobaby noticed the thief slip into the shop,