[精读]大学英语自学教程(上)同步配套题解

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1、大学英语自学教程(上)同步配套题解您下载的该电子书来自:TXT书库UNIT 1、Text A Text A How to Be a Successful Language Learner? 一、 课文导读 一些人在自己的领域里既聪明又有成就,但却发现学习语言很困难。那么学习语言有没有技巧呢?如何才能成为一名成功的语言学习者呢？本文似乎给你提供了答案。 二、重点单词 disagree guarantee intelligent conversely similar independent communicate inexact purpos etechnique 三、重点短语注释 1.disag

2、ree with sb/sth与有分歧， 与不一致 Im sorry to disagree with you/your statement. 很抱谦，我不同意你的意见(你的声明)。 The results of the experiment disagree with those of the last one. 本次实验结果与上次不一致。 cf. (sth) disagree with sb还可指“(食物、气候等)对有不良影响或对不适宜”。 The hot and dry weather disagrees with her greatly. 那里炎热干燥的天气对她很不适宜。 The se

3、afood disagrees with me. 这海鲜对我有不良影响。 2.first of all首先，第一(作插入语) First of all, we must make him change his mind. 首先我们必须使他改变主意。 First of all,you must find out whats wrong with the computer. 首先，你必须查出计算机出了什么毛病。 cf. most important of all 最为重要的是 Most important of all, we should remember these rules. 最为重要的是

4、，我们应该记住这些规则。 worst of all最为糟糕的是。 Worst of all, he even forgot his name. 最为糟糕的是，他居然忘了自己的名字。 3.depend on/upon依赖，依靠；依而定，取决于 Children depend on their parents for food and clothing. 小孩依赖父母供给衣食。 He depends on his pen for a living. 他靠笔杆为生。 The success of the meeting depends largely on whether the chairman

5、is efficient. 会议成功与否在很大程度上取决于主席是否干练。 4.be willing to do sth愿意，乐意干 He is quite willing to pay the price I ask. 他很愿意按照我的要价付钱。 He is willing to talk with that pretty lady. 他乐意和那位漂亮女士谈话。 Im willing to go to the concert with you. 我愿意和你一起去听音乐会。 Im unwilling to dine out with Tom 我不愿意和汤姆一块儿出去吃饭。 He is reluc

6、tant to tell us the truth. 他不愿意告诉我们事情的真相。 5.be / feel interested in sth对感兴趣 Are you interested in classical music? 你对古典音乐感兴趣吗? Im not in the least interested in what they are talking about. 我对他们所讨论的事情毫不感兴趣。 cf.take/feel/show/have/interest in sth对感兴趣的 She takes/feels/shows/has great interest in stamp

7、collecting. 她对集邮有浓厚的兴趣。 6.on the other hand另一方面，该短语可单独使用，也可与on(the) one hand (一方面)连用 Henry had great difficulties playing cards. But on the other hand, he was an awfully good chess player. 亨利打牌不怎么样，但另一方面，他却是位下棋高手。 On the one hand, this is a useful dictionary, (while) on the other hand it is very exp

8、ensive. 一方面这是一本好字典，而在另一方面它却很昂贵。 四、重点、难点句子详解 1.Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain. They try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. 他们力图自己去发现句型和语言规则，而不是等着老师进行解释。 instead of，代替。后接名词、动名词或介词。如： He has been playing all the afternoon, instead of getting on with his work. 他整个下午一直在游玩而不

9、继续工作。 We will have tea in the garden instead of in the home. 我们将在花园里用茶，而不是在室内。 2.It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word. 对他们来说，学会用一种语言思维比知道每个单词的意思更为重要。 在本句中动词不定式to learn to think in the language作句子主语，it做形式主语。不定式to think in the language做

10、learn的宾语。动词不定式可在句中作主语、宾语。如： It is not easy to remember all these words in an hour. 在一个小时内记住这些词可不容易。（作主语） He promised to be waiting at the door when she came out. 他答应在她出来时在门口等她。（做宾语） 3.On the other hand, if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the tec

11、hniques outlined above. 另一方面，如果你的语言学习一直不太成功，你不防试试上边概括的这些技巧。 less than在句中不是比较级，而是一个固定词组，译为“不太”。如： Common citizens are less than satisfied with the current policy. 普通公民对现行的政策不太满意。 cf.1) He was less hurt than frightened. 他受的伤不重，但被吓得厉害。 2)no less than 不少于，不减于 He won no less than50 in the lottery. 他居然中了五

12、十美元的彩票。 do well to do 最好；做的好 You would do well to finish your homework this evening. 你最好今天晚上就完成了作业。 She might do well to go to countryside for a recuperation. 她最好到农村去疗养一段时间。 cf. do sb/oneself well 款待，招待 do well /badly by sb 善待（对待不善） outlined above 为过去分词短语作后置定语。其作用相当于定语从句。如： A letter written in penci

13、l.(=which was written in pencil) 用铅笔写的信。 The book recommended by Jack.(=which was recommended by Jack.) 杰克推荐的书。 五、课文参考译文 如何成为一名成功的语言学习者? “学习一门语言很容易，甚至一个小孩都能做到。” 大多数正在学习第二语言的成年人会不同意这一说法。对于他们来说，学习一门语言是一件十分困难的事情。他们需要花费数百个小时进行学习和实践，甚至这样也不能确保每一个成年的语言学习者都取得成功。 与学习其他东西不同，一些人在自己的领域既聪明又成功，但却发现学习语言很困难，而那些成功的语

14、言学习者却发现自己很难在其他领域取得成功。 语言教师常常向语言学习者提出诸如此类的建议，“学习一门新语言要尽可能多地进行阅读”；“要每天练习说这门语言”；要“和以此语言为母语的人生活在一起”；“不要总是力图将新语言翻译出来，要尽可能地用它去思维”；“要像孩子学习语言那样，自然地去习得语言”。 然而，一名成功的语言者是怎样做的呢?语言学习方面的研究表明，成功的语言学习者在许多方面有共同之处。 首先，成功的语言学习者是独立的学习者。他们不依赖书本或者老师，他们能找到适合自己的语言学习方法。他们力图自己去发现句型和语言规则，而不是等着老师进行解释。他们能够很好地通过猜测寻找线索并形成自己的结论，当他

15、们猜错时，他们会再猜，他们努力地从自己的错误中学习。 成功的语言学习是一种主动的学习。因此，成功的语言学习者不是等待机会去使用语言，而是寻找机会去使用它。他们找到以此语言为母语的人们并在出错误时请他们给予纠正。他们会想方设法利用语言去交流，他们不怕重复他们听到的内容也不怕说出一些奇怪的话语；他们不怕出差错并勇于反复尝试。交流困难的时候，他们可以接受不准确的或不完整的信息。对于他们来说，学会用一种语言思维比知道每个单词的意思更为重要。 最后，成功的语言学习者是目的明确的学习者。他们学习一门语言是因为他们对这门语言以及讲这门语言的人们感兴趣。为了能和这些人进行交流并向他们学习，学习他们的语言是必要

16、的。他们发现经常练习使用一门语言很容易，因为他们想利用这门语言来学习。 你属于哪一类语言学习者呢?如果你是一位成功的语言学习者，你大概一直在独立地，主动地，目的明确地学习。另一方面，如果你的语言学习一直不太成功，你不妨试试上边概括的这些技巧。 六、练习参考答案 Exercises for the Text .阅读理解 1.d 2.a 3.c 4.d 5.d .找出下列词或短语的同义词 1.a task 2.intelligent 3.study 4.clue 5.conclusion 6.repeat 7 municate 8.purpose 9.probably 10.outline .选择

17、最佳词语完成下列句子 1.Instead of 2.therefore 3.more.than 4.Even 5.First of all 6.because 7.on the other hand 8.finally 9.looking for 10.conversely .把下列句子译成英语 1.Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. 2.Language learning is a kind of active learning. Langua

18、ge learners should look for every chance to use the language. 3.Language learning should be active, independent and purposeful. Or:Language learners should learn actively, independently and purposefully. 4.Learning a language is different from learning mathematics. 5.(Language)Teachers often offer u

19、s the successful experience in language learning. Vocabulary Exercises .选择所给单词的适当形式填空，注意其词性 1.a.success b.successful c.successfully 2.a.independence b.depend c.dependent 3.a.covered b.uncover c.discovered (注：三词均为动词，cover意为“覆盖、盖上”；uncover意为“揭开的盖子，打开”，discover 意为“发现”) 4.a.purposeful b.purposefully c.p

20、urpose .用下列单词的适当形式填空 1.inexact 2.technique 3.outlined 4 municate 5.regularly 6.clues 7.intelligent 8.incomplete 9.similar 10.statement .给下列单词加上前缀构成反义词 1.disagree 2.independent 3.incomplete 4.inexact 5.uncover .把下列句子译成英语 1.They find it hard to master a foreign language. 2.The research shows that succ

21、essful people are similar in many ways. 3.Successful language learners do not just depend on books or teachers. 4.Were willing to help our friends. 5.We should learn new things independently, actively and purposefully. UNIT 1、Text B Text B Language 一、课文导读 什么是语言?是不是所有通过声音或其他方式能进行交流的表达都称为语言?读过本文后，你或许对

22、语言的概念有所认识。 二、重点单词 instance deaf dumb addition primitive exact consist simply travel Italian 三、重点短语注 1.not only.but also不但而且 He is not only a professor, but also a scientist. 他不仅是位教授，而且是位科学家。 Canadians speak not only English, but also French. 加拿大人不仅讲英语，也讲法语。 2.neither.nor既不也不(谓语动词与相近的主语一致) He neither

23、 knows nor cares what happened. 他既不知道也不在乎发生了什么。 It is neither pleasant to eat nor good for you. 它既不好吃也对你没有好处。 Neither you nor I am interested in it. 你和我对此都不感兴趣。 3.consist of由组成(不用于进行时态) Water consists of hydrogen and oxygen. 水由氢和氧组成。 The committee consists of 10 members including 2 women. 这个委员会由10人组

24、成，其中包括2名妇女。 (Syns. be made up of, be composed of, 由组成) cf.consist in 在于，以为主要或惟一因素 The beauty of the plan consists in its simplicity. 这个计划的好处就在于简单易行。 四、重点、难点句子详解 1.For instance, we sometimes move our heads up and down when we want to say “yes” and we move our heads from side to side when we want to s

25、ay “no”. 当我们想说“是”的时候，我们有时上下点头，而当我们想说“不”的时候，左右摇头。 up and down 1)前后地，往返地如： Walking up and down the station platform. 在车站上来回地走。 2）上下地，起伏地 The float bobbed up and down on the water. 漂浮物在水面上浮动。 cf. ups and downs 盛衰，沉浮 2.The Englishman shook his head and the waiter understood that he didnt want tea ,so he

26、 took it away and brought him some coffee. 这位英国人摇了摇头，侍者便明白了他不想要茶，于是，侍者把茶端走，并端来了咖啡。 take, bring, fetch 这三个词都指“拿，带”的意思。take 指“拿走，带走” bring指“拿来，带来”； fetch指去了“拿来或带过”，表示一往一返的过程。如： Who has taken my pen? 谁拿走了我的钢笔? Bring me the book please。 请把书拿给我。 I am going to fetch my child from the kindergarten. 我要到幼儿园接

27、孩子。 注意take的短语： take sth away 拿走，清除；take sth back 撤消，收回 take sth down 记录，拆除；take sth out 拔出，拔去 take sth in 包含，吸收 3.The Englishman, she was very hungry by this time and not at all thirsty ,looked very sad. 这位英国人此时已十分饥饿，却一点也不渴，他看起来满脸的不高兴。 在此句中who was.not at all thirsty作非限制性定语从句，对先行词Englishman起补充说明作用,实际

28、上相当于一个状语从句的作用。类似的如： He wishes to write an article, which will attract public attention to this matter. 他想写一篇文章，以便引起公众对此事的注意。（目的） The girl, who is only sixteen years of age, is determined to be a mathematician. 那个姑娘虽然只有16岁，但她决心当数学家。（让步） look 在此作系动词，后接形容词作补足语。同样的词有taste，fell, smell, sound, etc.如： The

29、course tastes very delicious. 这道菜尝起来美极了。 Her excuse sounds very hollow, which is unconvincing. 他的借口听起来很空洞，难以令人信服。 4.He shook his head each time the waiter brought him something to drink. 每次侍者给他端来喝的东西他都摇头。 在句中each time是表示时间的名词短语，作连词用法，引导一个时间状语从句，类似的词有the moment , the instant 等。如： I always found that

30、her hairstyle had great changes each time I met her. 我每次碰见她，都发现她的发型有很大变化。 I set you the news the instant I heard it . 我一听到这消息就立即通知了你。 五、课文参考译文 语 言 当我们想告诉别人我们想什么时，我们不仅可以借助词语，而且可以通过其他许多方法。例如，当我们想说“是”时，我们有时上下点头，而当我们想说“不”时，我们左右摇头。既不能听又不能说的人(即聋哑人)借助他们的手指互相交谈。彼此听不懂对方语言的人们也得这样做。下边这个故事讲述了人们有时在语言不通的情况下是怎样做的。

31、 从前，一位不会讲意大利语的英国人在意大利旅行。一天，他走进一家饭店，并在餐桌旁边就座。侍者走来的时候，这位英国人张开嘴巴，把手指伸进去，然后又伸出来，并上下翕动双唇。他想通过这种方法对侍者说：“给我拿些吃的来”。侍者很快给他端来了一杯茶。这位英国人摇了摇头，侍者便明白了他不想要茶。于是侍者把茶端走并端来了咖啡。这位英国人此时已十分饥饿，却一点也不渴，他看起来满脸的不高兴。每次侍者给他端来喝的东西他都摇摇头。侍者又给他端来了葡萄酒，然后是啤酒，接着是苏打水，但这些当然都不是食物。他正要离开这家饭店时，另一位旅客进来了。这位新来的旅客看到侍者时，便把手放在腹部。这就足够了：几分钟后他面前的桌子上

32、便摆上了一大盘通心粉和肉。 由此不难看出，原始的手语并不总是能够十分清楚地表达意思，而由词语组成的语言要比手语准确得多。 词语由声音组成，但许多包含意义的声音却并不是词语。例如，当我们要表示“保持安静”时，我们会发出“嘘嘘嘘”的声音，婴儿笑时我们知道他们高兴了，婴儿哭时我们知道他们病了或者只是需要吃的或喝的东西。 动物也是一样，狗发出“Grr”的声音或猫发出“Fff”的声音时，我们知道它们发怒了。 但这些声音都不是语言。语言由词语组成，这些词语可以组合成句子。这一点动物却做不到：狗发出“Grr”的声音时表示“我发怒了”。但它却不会先说“我”，然后说“是”，再说“发怒”；鹦鹉能模仿人类说话，它会

33、重复几个完整的句子而且知道它们的意思。我们可以说鹦鹉有说话的能力，但却不能说它会真正地讲话，因为它不能用它所知道的词语组成新的句子。只有人类才能做到这一点。 六、练习参考答案 Exercises for the Text .根据课文判断句子正误 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.F 9.T 10.F .根据课文填入所缺内容 1.with the help of their fingers 2.“Bring me something to drink” 3.tea, coffee, wine, beer, soda-water 4.put his hands on hi

34、s stomach 5.Macaroni and meat 6.much more exact 7.meanings,put together into sentences 8.form new sentences 9.talk 10.form new sentences out of the words he knows Vocabulary Exercises .从右栏中找出左栏单词的相应释义 1.b 2.a 3.c 4.e 5.d .选择填空 1.答案为B。not only.but also是一个固定句型，意思是“不但而且”。 2.答案为A。这是一个常识性问题，聋哑人的交流靠手势。 3.

35、答案为 B。音乐是一种艺术，只要欣赏能力达到了，不同层次，不同语言的人都能理解。 4.答案为D。at a table 表示坐在桌旁。这里不能用by the table。是将桌子看成一个地方，而不是强调在桌子旁边。另外，at table本身就有having a meal，即用餐、用饭的意思。 如：They were at table when we called. 我们去拜访时，他们正在吃饭。 5.答案为A。means汉语意思是：意味着，意思是。 6.答案为A。在此句中，明显可以看出，后半部应是一个时间状语从句，而when, while都可以引导时间状语从句，但when与while在引导时间状语

36、从句时是有区别的。when表示“当时”，可以是倾刻，也可以是一段时间，即后面的谓语动词，可以是瞬间动词，也可是延续性动词。如： When I went into the room, he was at work. 当我走进房间时，他正在工作。 I hope to see you when I am in town. 我希望在城里看到你。 而while表示“当时”，是指在某一段时间里，因此它引导的句子里的动词必须是延续性动词。 7.答案为C。此句意思是：今天我们有足够的人来完成这项工作。seldom是副词， much与 little只修饰不可数名词。 8.答案为C。exact形容词，意思是确切的

37、，准确的。在本句中与形容词clear并列作补语。 9.答案为D。consist of是固定用法，相当于be composed of 。注意，consist是不及物动词，因此不能构成be consisted of 结构。 10.答案为B。as,like都有“像一样”的意思。as是连词，后跟句子; like是介词，后跟名词或动名词。 Grammar Exercises .指出下列单词的词性 whether (conj.) towards (prep.) second (adj./n.) hour(n.) repeat (v.) successful(adj.) not (adv.) probabl

38、y (adv.) than (conj.) because (conj.) which (adj./pron.) even (adv./adj.) intelligent (adj.) differ(v.) regular (adj.) some (adj./pron.) into (prep.) oh (interj.) seem(v.) communicate (v.) .指出下列各句中划线单词的词性 1.Let (v.) s=us (pron.) round (prep.) 2.fresh (adj.) for (prep.) 3.leave (v.) call(v.) on (prep

39、.) if (conj.) spare (v.) 4.even (adv.) it (pron.) 5.where (adv.) will (n.) 6.after (prep.) calm (n.) 7.seem (v.) those (pron.) makes (n.) 8.without (prep.) return (n.) 9.strict (adj.) work (v.) 10.news (n.) live (adj.) meeting (v.) .在下列句子的主语和谓语动词下边划线 1.Most adults would disagree with this statement.

40、 2.How much time did they allow you for doing the work? 3.I had a visit from Mary yesterday. 4.Chinas stand on this question is clear to all. 5.Warm clothes protect against the cold of winter. 6.What we need is more practice. 7.There doesnt seem to be much chance of my getting the job. 8.In those ye

41、ars the cost of living rose by nearly 4 percent. 9.There are a number of people interested in the case. 10.Every means has been tried but without much result. .指出下列各句中划线单词的成分 1.a magazine 宾语 Last night 状语 2.in need 定语 in deed 定语 3.outside your area 定语 telephoning long distance 主补 4.your children 宾语

42、all day 状语 5.his direction 介语宾语 French 宾语 6.me 宾语 plenty of exercise 宾语 7.long 宾语 to London 状语 8.those 宾语 help themselves 谓语 9.her 宾语 above others宾补 10.to build a hotel in the village 定语 of the foreigners 定语 UNIT 1、单元自测题 单元自测题 .Vocabulary and Structure 从下列各句四个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 1.Language learning is from

43、 other kinds of learning. A. differ B. difficult C. different D. difference 2.Language teachers often offer to language learners. A. advice B. advise C. advices D. advises 3.Successful language learners do not depend the book or the teacher. A. in B. on C. up D. over 4.Successful learners find peopl

44、e who speak the language and they these people to correct them when they make a mistake. A. ask for B. order C. demand D. ask 5.When communication is difficult, they can accept information that is inexact or . A. incomplete B. unnecessary C. correct D. meaningful 6.It is for them to learn to think i

45、n the language than to know the meaning of every word. A. less important B. more important C. least important D. most important 7.They find it to practice using the language regularly because they want to learn with it. A. with ease B. at ease C. easy D. easily 8. waiting for the teacher to explain,

46、 they try to find the patterns and the rules for themselves. A. Despite B. In spite of C. Regardless of D. Instead of 9.When we want to tell other people we think, we can do it not only with the help of words, but also in many other ways. A. that B. what C. which D. while 10. Language words which we

47、 put together into sentences. A. forms B. makes up C. consists of D. builds up . Word Spelling 将下列汉语单词译成英语。作为提示，每个单词的词类、首字母及用短线表示的其余字母数均已给出。 1.线索，提示 n. c_ _ _ 2.结论，推论 n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 3.技术，技巧 n. t_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 4.不精确的 a. I_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 5.通讯，交流 n. c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 6.声明，陈述 n. s_ _ _ _ _ _

48、_ _ 7.目的，意图 n. p_ _ _ _ _ _ 8.聪明的，明智的 a. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 9.不同意 v. d_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 10.相似的 a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ 11.不完整的 a. i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 12.相反地 adv.c_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 13.独立地 adv.i_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 14.原始的 a. p_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ 15.聋的 a. d_ _ _ 16.哑的 a. d_ _ _ 17.啤酒 n. b_ _ _ 18.旅游者 n. t_ _ _ _ _

49、 _ _ 19.语言 n. l_ _ _ _ _ _ _ 20.成功的 a. s_ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ _ . Word Form 将括号中的各词变为适当形式填入空白。 1. language is a very difficult task. (learn) 2.Some people who are very intelligent and in their fields find it difficult to succeed in language learning. (success) 3.Successful language learning active learnin

50、g. (be) 4.They want to learn the language because they are in the language and the people who speak it. (interest) 5.It is necessary for them to learn the language in order to with these people and learn from them. (communication) 6.One day an Englishman a restaurant and sat down at a table. (enter)

51、 7.The Englishman was just to leave the restaurant when another traveler came in. (go) 8.When this man saw the waiter, he his hands on his stomach. (put) 9.There are many sounds which a meaning. (have) 10.If you are a successful language learner, you have probably been learning . (independence) .Cloze Test 下面短文有十个空白，每个空白有四个选项。根据上下文要求选出最佳答案。 We all know that man can speak, 1 difficult problems, and create world wonders. It is due to brain powers 2 bring about the amazing achievements. Actually people know 3 about the m