高一英语形容词和副词用法以及非限制性定语从句讲解与练习

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1、高一英语形容词和副词用法以及非限制性定语从句讲解与练习撰稿：俞平 审稿：张敏 责编：白雪雁形容词和副词用法以及非限制性定语从句讲解一、形容词及其用法1、形容词修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征。通常，可将形容词分成性质形容词和叙述形容词两类，其位置不一定都放在名词前面。1）直接说明事物的性质或特征的形容词是性质形容词，它有级的变化，可以用程度副词修饰，在句中 可作定语、表语和补语。例如：hot。2）叙述形容词只能作表语，所以又称为表语形容词。这类形容词没有级的变化，也不可用程度副词修 饰。大多数以a开头的形容词都属于这一类。例如：afraid 害怕的。这类词还有： well，unwell， i

2、ll，faint，afraid，alike，alive，alone，asleep，awake 等。3）形容词作定语修饰名词时，要放在名词的前边。但是如果形容词修饰以-thing为字尾的词语时，要 放在这些词之后。例如：something nice。2、以-ly结尾的形容词1）大部分形容词加-ly可构成副词。但 friendly，deadly，lovely，lonely，likely，lively， ugly，brotherly，仍为形容词。2）有些以-ly 结尾既为形容词，也为副词，如daily，weekly，monthly，yearly，early等。3、用形容词表示类别和整体1）某些形容词

3、加上定冠词可以泛指一类人，与谓语动词的复数连接，如the dead，the living，the rich，the poor，the blind，the hungry等。2）有关国家和民族的形容词加上定冠词指这个民族的整体，与动词的复数连用，如the British，the English，the French，the Chinese等。4、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词-数词-描绘词-（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）-出处-材料性质-类别-名词。例如：a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old

4、brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car。二、副词及其基本用法副词主要用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或其他结构。1、副词的位置1） 在动词之前。2） 在be动词、助动词之后。 3） 多个助动词时，副词一般放在第一个助动词后。注意：a. 大多数方式副词位于句尾，但宾语过长，副词可以提前，以使句子平衡。b. 方式副词well，badly，hard等只放在句尾。2、副词的排列顺序1） 时间，地点副词，小单位的在前，大单位在后。2） 方式副词，短的在前，长的在后，并用and或but等连词连接。

5、3） 多个不同副词排列：程度+地点+方式+时间副词。注意：a. 副词very 可以修饰形容词，但不能修饰动词。b. 副词enough要放在形容词的后面，形容词enough放在名词前后都可。3、注意一些既可作副词也可作形容词的词1）close与closely close意思是“近”；closely 意思是“仔细地”。2）late 与lately late意思是“晚”；lately 意思是“最近”。3）deep与deeply4）high与highly high表示空间高度；highly表示程度，相当于much。5）wide与widely wide表示空间宽度；widely意思是“广泛地”，“在许多

6、地方”。6）free与freely free的意思是“免费”；freely 的意思是“无限制地”。三、形容词与副词的比较级大多数形容词（性质形容词）和副词有比较级和最高级的变化，即原级、比较级和最高级，用来表示事物的等级差别。原级即形容词的原形，比较级和最高级有规则变化和不规则变化两种。1、规则变化单音节词和少数双音节词，加词尾-er，-est来构成比较级和最高级。构成法原级比较级最高级一般单音节词末尾加-er, -estlargelargerlargest以不发音的e结尾的单音词和少数以- le结尾的双音节词只加-r,-stnicenicernicest以一个辅音字母结尾的闭音节单音节词，双

7、写结尾的辅音字母，再加-er, -estbigbiggerbiggest以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词，改y为i，再加-er，-estbusybusierbusiest少数以-er,-ow结尾的双音节词末尾加-er, -estclever/narrowcleverer/ narrowercleverest/ narrowest其他双音节词和多音节词，在前面加more，most来构成比较级和最高级interestedmore interestedmost interested2、 不规则变化原级比较级最高级goodbetterbestwell（健康的）worseworstbadill（有病的）ol

8、dolder/elderoldest/eldestmuch/manymoremostlittlelessleastfar farther/furtherfarthest/furthest 3、 as + 形容词或副词原级 + as1）在否定句或疑问句中可用so as。2）当as as 中间有名词时采用以下格式：as +形容词+ a +单数名词/ as + many/much +名词。3）用表示倍数的词或其他程度副词做修饰语时，放在as的前面。4）倍数+ as + adj. + as 倍数+ the + of。4、比较级形容词或副词 + than注意： 1）要避免重复使用比较级。2）要避免将主语

9、含在比较对象中。3）要注意对应句型，遵循前后一致的原则。4）要注意定冠词在比较级中的使用。5、可修饰比较级的词1）a bit，a little，rather，much，far，by far，many，a lot，lots，a great deal，any， still，even等。2）还可以用表示倍数的词或度量名词作修饰语。3）以上词（除by far）外，必须置于比较级形容词或副词的前面。四、非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句只是对主句内容，或先行词的补充、解释或附加说明。主句与先行词或从句之间一般用逗号分开，常常单独翻译。没有它，主句意思仍然完整。引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词有as，whic

10、h，who，whom，whose等，作定语从句的主语、宾语、表语及定语。关系副词有when，where等，作定语从句的状语。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中一般不能省。1. which引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分，that不能用于引导非 限制性定语从句。2. 有时as也可用作关系代词。引导非限制性定语从句时，可以代主句的全部或部分内容。常表说话人 关于说话的依据、态度、评论、看法等。有“正如、像”等意思。定语从句可以置主句句首、句中 或句末。 3. 在非限定性定语从句中，用who，whom代表人，用which代表事物。4. 当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词

11、所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。5. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单 数，6. as，which是指代主句内容的非限制性定语从句时，表依据、评论与表事实、状态等没有多大差别， 又在主句末时，有时可以通用。 7. who，whom，whose等引导非限制性定语从句时，指代人的普通名词、专有名词等。表示正是或专指 先行词等情况。在定语从句中作主语、宾语、定语等。 8. when，where引导非限制性定语从句时，作定语从句的状语。whenand then，whereand there。 why不引导非限制性定语从句。巩固性练习形

12、容词和副词1. The apple tastes _ and sells _.A. well; well B. good; good C. good; well D. well; good2. Afraid of saying something wrong, they kept _ all the time at the meeting.A. silent B. silence C. silently D. quietly3. Joan pushed the door _ and went in hurriedly.A. opened B. openly C. open D. opening

13、4. They all looked _ at the master and felt quite _.A. sad; sad B. sadly; sadly C. sad; sadly D. sadly; sad5. He arrived at last, _.A. was tired and hungry B. had hunger and angerC. tired and hungry D. tiredly and hungrily6. _ after he took office, the economic recession swept over the world.A. Shor

14、t B. Shorter C. Shortly D. Shortest7. “Have you replied to those letters?” “No, _ time to do my other work yet.”A. I have had hardly B. I have hardly have C. I hardly have had D. Hardly have I had8. When I opened the door, I saw an old woman who was _ dressed.A. bad B. poor C. good D. badly9. Please

15、 dont speak so _; I can hardly follow you.A. soon B. quick C. fast D. fastly10. He is _ interested in English. He often works at it _ into the night.A. deep; deep B. deeply; deep C. deep; deeply D. deeply; deeply11. Chicago is the second _ city in the United States.A. larger B. largest C. larger D.

16、the largest12. He looked dead but the faint pulse proved that he was still _.A. live B. life C. alive D. lively13. When she entered the room, she found her baby _.A. sleep B. slept C. asleepD. falls asleep14. His health is _.A. as poor as, if not poorer than, his sistersB. as poor, if not poorer tha

17、n, his sisterC. poor as his sisters if not poorD. as poor, if not poorer than his sisters15. The students are _ young people between the age of sixteen and twenty.A. most B. almostC. mostly D. at most16. We decided not to climb the mountain because it was raining _.A. badly B. hardly C. strongly D.

18、heavily17. Why dont you put the meat in the fridge? It will _ fresh for several days.A. be stayed B. stay C. be stayingD. have stayed18. Although I _ you for 20 years, I dont know exactly what is going on in your mind.A. have married with B. have been married with C. have been married toD. have got

19、married to19. According to the rules in the library, you can _ the book for two weeks at the most.A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. rent20. Although he sometimes tells lies, I _ him this time.A. am believing B. have believed C. believe D. believe in定语从句1. The house, _ was destroyed in the terrible fire,

20、has been repaired.A. the roof of which B. which roof C. its roof D. the roof of it2. Who _ has common sense will do such a thing?A. which B. who C. whom D. that3. Antarctic, _ we know very little, is covered with thick ice all the year around.A. which B. where C. that D. about which4. He often helps

21、 the students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A. whom B. who C. when D. because5. Mr. Smith will never forget the day _ he spent with his students.A. when B. which C. during which D. on which6. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relativ

22、es.A. which B. where C. that D. who7. Some of the roads are flooded, _ made our journey more difficult.A. which B. it C. what D. that8. He must be from Africa, _ can be seen from his skin.A. that B. as C. who D. that9. He has two sons, _ work as chemists in the USA.A. two of whom B. both of whom C.

23、both of which D. all of whom10. The buses, _ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of that B. which most C. most of which D. that most11. My glasses, _ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A. which B. with which C. without which D. that12. Mr. Wu, _everybody li

24、kes, is going to give us a talk on “culture shock”.A. who B. which C. that D. it13. _, the compass was first made in China.A. It is known to all B. It is known that C. We all knowD. As is known to all14. He is a man of great experience, _ much can be learned.A. Who B. that C. from whom D. from which

25、15. It was such a serious mistake, _ caused by carelessness.A. which I think was B. which I think it was C. I think which was D. I think which it was16. The general at last got a chance to visit the village _ he used to fight, _ hehad been dreaming of for years.A. that; which B. where; that C. in wh

26、ich; what D. where; which17. I gave him a warning, _ he turned a deaf ear.A. of which B. for which C. to that D. to which18. You can call on me from one to five oclock, during _ I am always at home.A. the time B. what time C. that time D. which time19. China is the birthplace of kites, _ kite-flying

27、 spread to Japan, Korea, Thailand and India.A. from there B. where C. from where D. there20. _ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing.A. Which B. As C. That D. What参考答案：形容词和副词：1-5 CACDC 6-10 CDDCB 11-15 BCCAC 16-20 DBCCC定语从句：1-5 ADDBB 6-10 BABBC 11-15 CADCA 16-20 DDDCB