高中英语定语从句学案

《高中英语定语从句学案》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《高中英语定语从句学案（7页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、高中英语定语从句学案 一、有关定语从句概念 带定语从句的复合句实际可看作两个简单句的重新组合。定语从句定义：定语从句是用来充当句中定语的主谓结构；它主要用于修饰句子中的名词、代词。被修饰的词叫先行词。位置：常常是紧跟在被修饰的名词、代词的后面。定语从句和主句的连接：在被修饰的名词、代词与定语从句之间往往有一个关系词将其前后两部分联系成一个整体，或是构成一个名词短语；或是构成一个代词短语。注意：关系词与从句是一个整体，在从句中做成分。 要点提示：1）关系词指代先行词，关系词的作用就是将先行词所表达意义代到从句中来起作用。例如： They often become easily frightene

2、d or feel uneasy in situations （先行词）where (关系词)people normally would not be afraid .他们常在人们一般不会感到害怕的情况下却很容易感到恐惧或是感到不自在。例如： Rude people are those （先行词） whose (关系词)behavior shows little respectfor the rules（先行词） that(关系词) the majority follows . 不讲礼貌的人是指（那些）他们的行为对大多数人所遵从的规则并不表示尊敬的（人）。2）“关系词的选择”选择由1）先行词自

3、身表达的意义和2）关系词在从句中的所做的成分决定的。 Some people who are successful language learners often fail in other fields .有些在语言学习上很有成就的人,在其他领域常常一无所成。 In our class , we have some students whose families are not in Wuhan.我们班上有些家不在武汉市的同学。 There are many sounds which have a meaning and yet are not words .有许多声音有意义但不是词。 Te

4、ll him to go to the classroom where we often have our English class .(如果把这个复合句拆成两个分句，那就是： Tell him to go to the classroom .We often have our English class in the classroom.)告诉他去我们常上英语课的那间教室。试着把上面的含有定语从句复合句拆成简单句。(一) 关系词定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词（充当从句连接词的作用）。关系词的作用：1）指代先行词，2）在从句中做成分 3）连接主从句关系代词1）关系代词：who

5、 , whom who用于代替表示人的意义的先行词，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语，但是介词后必须用whom。Whom 只能做宾语。 I have no idea about the man who wrote the article . 我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。 Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now ? 刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁？ They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operatio

6、n . 他 们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。2）关系代词：which which 用于代替表示事物意义的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。 Ive got a novel which you may like to read . 我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。 That was a fault which could not be forgiven . 那是不能饶恕的错误。3) 关系代词：that 可以代替先行词“表示事物”或“人”的先行词,可做主语和宾语和表语，但是介词后必须用Which或whom。 Ive got a novel that/which you may like to r

7、ead . 我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。 That was a fault that/which could not be forgiven . 那是不能饶恕的错误。 I have no idea about the man that/who wrote the article .4) 关系代词：whose + n = the +n + of which/ the +n+ of whom, 例如： Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ? (whose brother= _) 你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的

8、那位女孩的名字吗？ The house whose windows face south belongs to me.(whose windows= _) 要点提示：如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。 This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday . 这就是你昨天找的那本书。 Who is the man ( whom ) youre talking about ? 你们谈论的那个人是谁？定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。 Those who are in their forties are requi

9、red(需要) to have a physical examination this afternoon . 请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。 This is the magazine which was sent to me by post . 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。关系代词that 和which（1）相同点这两个关系代词引导定语从句时，都可以指物；在从句中都可作主语或宾语；作宾语时都可省略。 The train that ( which ) has just left is for Shanghai.刚开的那列火车是去上海的。(作主语) The film that(wh

10、ich) we saw last night is wonderful.我们昨天晚上看的电影好极了。(作宾语，可省略)（2）区别：用that，不用which的情况当先行词是不定代词或被它们修饰时。 all, everything, nothing, something, anything, little等不定代词时（something之后也可用which）。 To get the job started, all that I need is your permission. 要开始工作，我所需要的是你的许可。 He answered few questions that the teache

11、r asked. 他几乎没有回答老师的那些问题。 翻译：有什么要我做的事吗?_ 当先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修饰时。This was one of the most interesting books that were sold in this book store.这是这家书店售出的最有趣的书之一。完成句子：_（该做的第一件事） is to get some food. 当先行词有the very，the only，the same等修饰时。 Thats the only thing that we can do now.目前我们只能这样了。 完成句子： Those are _.(他所说

12、的话）。当先行词是一个既指人又指物的并列词组时。 They were talking about the persons and things that they saw in the factory. 他们在谈论在工厂里看到的人和事。完成句子：They talked of _.(他们所能记得起的学校里的人和事) 当关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。 China is not the country that it was.中国已经不是过去的中国了。 当要避免与疑问词which重复时。 Which is the car that was made in Beijing?哪辆车是北京制造的? 只用w

13、hich而不用that：引导非限制性定语从句。Football, which is an interesting game, is played all over the world.全世界都踢足球，它是一项有趣的运动。Carol said the work would be done by October, which personally I doubt very much.卡罗尔说这项工作将在十月前做，对此我个人表示怀疑。Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, which ,of course, made t

14、he others unhappy.桃乐茜总是吹嘘她在戏剧中的角色，这当然使别人不高兴。直接放在介词后作宾语时。Language is the most important tool without which people cant communicate with each other.5）关系代词：as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句，在从句做主语和宾语。（常用于such as和the same as 等句式中） （1）as引导限制性定语从句通常构成such.as或the same.as固定搭配，as在从句中可作主语、表语或宾语。 I should like to u

15、se the same tool as you used yesterday.我想用你昨天使用的那种工具。(作宾语)Many of the sports were the same as they are now.过去的许多运动项目同现在的一样。(作表语)Dont read such books as are not worth reading. Read such books as you can understand.不要读那些不值得读的书，只去读那些你能读懂的书就可以了。He lent me as much money as he had.她把所有的钱借给了我。Repeat this a

16、s often as is necessary.根据需要反复这样做。(作主语)（2）suchthat与suchas“suchthat”表示“如此以致”的意思，用来引导一个结果状语从句；而“suchas”表“像这样的”的意思，用来引导定语从句，as在从句中充当主、宾或表语等。He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以至于我们都尊敬他。He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我煤泥烘干机们所尊敬的这种诚实的人。（3）the samethat与the same as“the sametha

17、t”表同一人或物，而“the sameas”表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子：This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失那本书。（指同一本书）This is the same book as I lost.这本书跟我丢失那本书一模一样。（并不是原来的那一本）（4）as 引导非限制性定语从句as作关系代词，还可用来引导非限制性定语从句，可以用来代替一个句子或单词，as引导的句子可放在句首、句末或句中。The moon, as is known to everybody, travels round the earth once every month.As

18、 is known to everybody, the moon travels round the earth once every month.The moon travels round the earth once every month, as is known to everybody.众所周知，月球一月绕地球一周土工格栅。介词+关系代词 在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用whom ；关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用which 。如何选择介词：1）与先行词的搭配有关，2）与从句中的动词/名词/形容词短语搭配有关动词与介词的搭配 They give performa

19、nces in pubs or clubs, for which they are paid in cash.(pay sb for) The man to whom you talked just now will host the programme tomorrow.（ talk to + 名词 与某人谈话 ） 名词与介词的搭配They are still living in the little house in which theyve been lived for 15 years . （ in the house 在屋子里 ）他们现在还住在他们已住了15年的那个小房子里。 Wev

20、e worked out a method by which our production can be raised. ( by a method通过某种方法) 我们已研制出了一个能提高生产的方法。形容词与介词的搭配The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency . (happy with 对表示满意) 老板对其不满意的那个秘书将由于她没有工作效率而被解雇。Ive found the job for which Ive been eager for a long time.（ e

21、ager for 渴望得到 ） 我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作。He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .(be familiar with 熟悉)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。关系副词关系副词：when , where , why 等。 在定语从句，关系副词 = 介词 + which 。 when 代替“介词+先行时间名词”在从句中充当状语,相当于“in/at/on/during which” People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to

22、our motherland .(when=_)人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。翻译：这是我参军的那一天。This is _.where 代替“介词+先行地点名词”在从句中充当地点状语，相当于in/on/at /to which The place where were to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet. 我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。(Where =_)翻译：这是我去年工作过的那个工厂。_why 代替 “介词for the reason”表示原因,在从句中充当原因状语状语。 He didnt tell he

23、r the reason why（=for which） he was so happy .他没有告诉她为什么他那么高兴的原因。The reason why she was late is not so acceptable .她迟到的原因不那么令人接受。 定语从句的种类 在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：限定性定语从句限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。翻译时多数将定语从句翻译到被修饰名词的前面，即做名词的定语。 They ex

24、plained the reason to us why they had hated us before. 他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。 This is a boy who is loved by anyone.非限定性定语从句 非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点，隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，一般将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。The s

25、un heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。The old man has a son , who is in the army .那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。本句所传达的信息是：这位老人只有一个儿子 。 如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：The old man has a son who is in the army . 那

26、位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。 这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了：这位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作。） As 引导的特殊非限定性定语从句 （as可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时，as是指全句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实；并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。）As I know , she hasnt got married . 如我所知，她还未结婚。They won the first place in the game, as could be expected.可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。P

27、rofessor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us . 如我们大家所知，李教授极受学生们的欢迎。特殊先行词 当先行词为the way关系词且从句中做状语是常用that（=in which），但通常被省略。I dont like the way(that)you speak to her.我不喜欢你对她说话的方式。定语从句专练1. Do you still remember the day _ I first came to Beijing? A. which B. that C. when D.

28、where 2. 2 Im going to visit the school _ my mother taught physics ten years ago. A. where B. that C. which D. what3. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ they could turn for help. A. whom B. who C. to whom D. from whom4. - How do you like the cake? - Its quite different from _ I had la

29、st month. A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what5. In the 1950s, _ blacks didnt have equal rights, a lot of marches took place. A. when B. that C. which D. from which6. The scientist and his achievements _you told me about are admired by us all Awhich Bwho Cthat Dwhose7. The retiring teacher ma

30、de a speech _ she thanked the class for the gift. A. which B. of which C. in which D. that8. He has to work on Sundays, _ he does not like. A. and which B. which C. and when D. when9. He paid the boy US $10 for washing ten windows, most _ hadnt been cleaned for at least year. A. these B. those C. th

31、at D. of which10. The boys, _ could not reach the shelf, went to look for something to stand on. A. the tall of whom B. the tallest of whom C. the tallest one D. the tallest of them11. Is this the factory _ color TV sets are produced? A. that B. which C. in which D. in that12. This is Mr Smith, _ I

32、think has something interesting to tell you. A. who B. whom C. which D. Whose13. Mother bought me a dictionary on my birthday, _made me very happy. A. what B. that C. who D. which14. She wore a heavy fur coat in such a hot day, _ I found quite strange. A. which B. that C. what D. when 15.China has h

33、undreds of islands,_ the largest is Taiwan. A.in which B. at which C. of which D. from which16. We came to a place _ they had never paid a visit before. A. to where B. to which C. that D. which 17. It was twelve oclock _they finished the work. A. since B. which C. that D. when18. He often helps the

34、students _ he thinks are not quick at their studies.A. whom B. who C. when D. because19.Is there a restaurant around _I have something to eat?A. that B. what C. which D. where20. In the open boat, the four men, _ was a doctor, met with a storm on the sea. A. one of which B. one of who C. one of whom

35、 D. one of them21. His glasses, _ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. from which C. with which D. without which22. The look, the cover _ is broken, is not mine. A. of it B. for C. whose D. of which23Football is a very interesting game ,_ is played all over the world At

36、hat Bwhich Cit Dwho24Is there anything else_ you need? Awhich Bthat Cwho Dwhat25The last place _we visited was the Great Wall Awhich Bthat Cwhere Dit26He talked happily about the men and books _interested him greatly in the school Awhich Bwho Cit Dthat27Ive read all the books _were borrowed from the

37、 library Athat B/ Cwhich Dthey28His uncle works in a factory _bicycles are made Athat Bwhich Cwhere Dthere29There is no dictionary _ you can find everything Athat Bwhich Cwhere Din that30Next month, youll spend in your hometown is coming Awhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere31Next month, _ youll be in your home

38、town is comingAwhich Bthat Cwhen Dwhere32I often thought of my childhood , _I lived on a farmAwhich Bwhere Cwhen Dwho33 . The film brought the hours back to me _ I was taken good care of in that far-away village.A. until B. that C. when D. where 34. _ is known to everybody, the moon travels round th

39、e earth once every month. A. It B. As C. That D. What35. The weather turned out to be very good, _ was more than we could expect.A. what B. which C. that D. it36 .After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town, _ he grew up as a child. A. which B. where C. that D. when40. He mad

40、e another wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B.which I think it is C. which I think it D. I think which is41. Carol said the work would be done by October, _ personally I doubt very much. Aas Bwhich Cthat Dthis42.Crusoes dog became ill and died , made him very lonely Aas Bwhich Cthat Dthis43Theyve invited me to their party , _ is kind of them Aas Bwhich CThat DThis44Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn ? Athat B/ Cwhich Dit45This is the best hotel in the city_ I know Awhich Bthat Cwhere Dit