单片机_英文参考文献

《单片机_英文参考文献》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《单片机_英文参考文献（10页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、.Structure and function of the MCS-51 seriesStructure and function of the MCS-51 series one-chip computer MCS-51is a name of a piece of one-chip computer series which Intel Company produces. This company introduced 8 top-grade one-chip computers of MCS-51 series in 1980 after introducing 8 one-chip

2、computers of MCS-48 series in 1976. It belong to a lot of kinds this line of one-chip computer thechips have,such as 8051, 8031, 8751, 80C51BH, 80C31BH,etc., their basic composition, basic performance and instruction system are all the same. 8051 daily representatives- 51 serial one-chip computers .

3、An one-chip computer system is made up of several following parts: ( 1) One microprocessor of 8 (CPU). ( 2) At slice data memory RAM (128B/256B),it use not depositting not can reading /data that write, such as result not middle of operation, final result and data wanted to show, etc. ( 3) Procedure

4、memory ROM/EPROM (4KB/8KB ), is used to preserve the procedure , some initial data and form in slice. But does not take ROM/EPROM within some one-chip computers, such as 8031 , 8032, 80C ,etc. ( 4) Four 8 run side by side I/O interface P0 four P3, each mouth can use as introduction , may use as expo

5、rting too. ( 5) Two timer / counter, each timer / counter may set up and count in the way, used to count to the external incident, can set up into atiming way too, and can according to count or result of timing realize thecontrol of the computer. ( 6) Five cut off cutting off the control system of t

6、hesource. (7)OneallduplexingserialI/OmouthofUART (universalasynchronous receiver/transmitter (UART) ), is it realize one-chip computer orone-chip computer and serial communication of computer to use for. ( 8) Stretch oscillator and clock produce circuit, quartz crystal finely tune electric capacity

7、need outer. Allow oscillation frequency as 12 megahertas now at most. Every the above-mentioned part was joined through the inside data bus .Among them, CPU is a core of the one-chip computer, it is the control of the computer and command centre, made up of such parts as arithmetic unit.专业 .专注.and c

8、ontroller , etc. The arithmetic unit can carry on 8 persons of arithmeticoperation and unit ALU of logic operation while including one, the 1 storingdevicetemporariliesof8, storingdevice2 temporarily,8s accumulationdevice ACC, register B and procedure state register PSW, etc. Person whoaccumulate AC

9、C count by 2 input ends entered of checking etc. temporarilyas one operation often, come from person who store 1 operation is it is itmake operation to go on to count temporarily , operation result and loopback ACC with another one. In addition, ACC is often regarded as the transfer station of data

10、transmission on 8051 inside . The same as general microprocessor, it is the busiest register. Help remembering that agreeingwith A expresses in the order. The controller includes the procedure counter , the order is depositted, the order decipher, the oscillator and timing circuit, etc. The procedur

11、e counter is made up of counter of 8 for two, amounts to 16. It is a byte address counter of the procedure in fact, the content is the next IAthat will carried out in PC. The content which changes it can change the direction that the procedure carries out . Shake the circuit in 8051 one-chip compute

12、rs, only need outer quartz crystal and frequency to finely tune the electric capacity, its frequency range is its 12MHZ of 1.2MHZ. This pulse signal, as 8051 basic beats of working, namely the minimum unit of time. 8051 is the same as other computers, the work in harmony under the control of the bas

13、ic beat, just like an orchestra according to the beat play that is commanded.There are ROM (procedure memory , can only read ) and RAM in 8051slices (data memory, can is it can write ) two to read, they have each independent memory address space, dispose way to be the same with general memory of com

14、puter. Procedure 8051 memory and 8751 slice procedure memory capacity 4KB, address begin from 0000H, used for preserving the procedure and form constant. Data 8051- 8751 8031 of memory data memory 128B, address false 00FH, use for middle result todeposit operation, the data are stored temporarily an

15、d the data are buffered etc. In RAM of this 128B, there is unit of 32 byteses that can be appointed as.专业 .专注.the job register, this and general microprocessor is different, 8051 slice RAM and job register rank one formation the same to arrange the location. It is not very the same that the memory o

16、f MCS-51 series one-chip computer and general computer disposes the way in addition. General computer for first address space, ROM and RAM can arrange in different space within the rangeof this address at will, namely the addresses of ROM and RAM, with distributing different address space in a forma

17、tion. While visiting the memory, corresponding and only an address Memory unit, can ROM, it can be RAM too, and by visiting the order similarly. This kind of memory structure is calledthe structure of Princeton. 8051 memories are divided into procedure memory space and data memory space on the physi

18、cs structure, there arefour memory spaces in all: The procedure stores in one and data memory space outside data memory and one in procedure memory space and one outside one, the structure forms of this kind of procedure device and data memory separated form data memory, called Harvard structure. Bu

19、t use the angle from users, 8051 memory address space is divided into three kinds: (1) In the slice, arrange blocks of FFFFH , 0000H of location , in unison outside the slice (use 16 addresses). (2) The data memory address space outside one of 64KB, the address is arranged from 0000H 64KB FFFFH (wit

20、h 16 addresses ) too to the location. (3) Data memory address space of 256B (use 8 addresses). Three above-mentioned memory space addresses overlap, for distinguishingand designing the order symbol of different data transmission in the instruction system of 8051: CPU visit slice, ROM order spend MOV

21、C , visit block RAM order uses MOVX outside the slice, RAM order uses MOV to visitin slice.8051 one-chip computer have four 8 walk abreast I/O port, call P0, P1, P2and P3. Each portis 8 accuratetwo-waymouths,accountsfor32 pinsaltogether.Every one I/O line can be used as introductionand exportedindep

22、endently. Each port includes a latch (namely special function register ),one exports the driver and a introduction buffer . Make data can latch when.专业 .专注.outputting, data can buffer when making introduction , but four function of passway these self-same. four port these may serve as accurate two-w

23、ay mouth of I/O in common use. Expand among the system of memory outside having slice, P2 mouth see high 8 address off; P0 mouth is a two-way bus,send the introduction of 8 low addresses and data / export in timesharing Output grade , P3 of mouth , P1 of mouth , connect with inside have loadresistan

24、ce of drawing , every one of they can drive 4 Model LS TTL load to output. As while inputting the mouth, any TTL or NMOS circuit can drive P1 of 8051 one-chip computers as P3 mouth in a normal way . Because draw resistance on output grade of them have, can open a way collector too or drain-source re

25、sistance is it urge to open a way, do not need to have the resistance of drawing outerly . Mouths are all accurate two-way mouths too. When the conduct is input, must write the corresponding port latch with 1 first . As to 80C51 one-chip computer, port can only offer milliampere of output electric c

26、urrents, is it output mouth go when urging one ordinary basing of transistor to regard as, should contact a resistance among the port and transistor base , in order to the electricity while restraining the high levelfrom exporting P1P3 Being restored to the throne is the operation of initializing of

27、 an one-chip computer. Its main function is to turn PC into 0000H initially , make the one-chip computer begin to hold the conduct procedure from unit 0000H. Except that the ones that enter the system are initialized normally,as because procedure operate it make mistakes or operate there arent mista

28、ke, in order to extricate oneself from a predicament , need to be pressed and restored to the throne the key restarting too. It is an input end which is restored to the throne the signal in 8051 China RST pin.Restore to the throne signal high level effective , should sustain 24 shakecycle (namely 2

29、machine cycles ) the above its effective times. If 6 of frequency of utilization brilliant to shake, restore to the throne signal duration should exceed 4 delicate to finish restoring to the throne and operating. Produce the logic picture of circuit which is restored to the throne the signal:.专业 .专注

30、.Restore to the throne the circuit and include two parts outside in the chip entirely. Outside that circuit produce to restore to the throne signal (RST ) hand over to Schmitts trigger, restore to the throne circuit sample to output , Schmitt of trigger constantly in each S5P2 , machine of cycle in

31、having one more , then just got and restored to the throne and operated the necessary signal insidly. Restore to the throne resistance of circuit generally, electric capacity parameter suitable for 6 brilliant to shake, can is it restore to the throne signal high level duration greater than 2 machin

32、e cycles to guarantee. Being restored to the throne in the circuit is simple, its function is very important. Pieces of one-chip computer system could normal running,shouldfirst check it can restore to the throne not succeeding. Checking and can pop ones head and monitor the pin with the oscillograp

33、h tentatively, push and is restored to the throne the key, the wave form that observes and has enough range is exported (instantaneous), can also through is it restore to the throne circuit group holding value carry on the experiment to change.专业 .专注.译文51 系列单片机的功能和结构MCS51 电脑芯片的结构和功能 。MSC51 是因特尔公司生产的

34、一系列电脑芯片的名称 。这家公司在 1976 年推出了一款 8 级的电脑芯片 MCS48 之后，又在 1080 年推出了一个 8 级的电脑芯片 MCS51。它属于一个种类繁多的电脑芯片家族 ，都如 8051 、 8031 、 8751 、80c51bh,80c31bh 等 ,其基本组成 、性能和基本指令系统 ,都是一样的。 51 电脑芯片的代表产品是 8051 。 一个电脑芯片是由以下几个方面组成的 : (1)8 微处理器 (CPU). (2) 片上数据存储 (128B/256B), 不可读的数据写入存储 ,就像结果而不能中途操作改变的 ，最后结果要和数据显示等 . (3) 存储器存储程序 /

35、 可擦写可编程只读存储器 (4KB/8KB),.专业 .专注.用于保存程序和片内的初始数据，而且并不需要片内的存储器/ 可擦写可编程只读存储器 ,如 8031 、8032 、 80c 等. （4)并行的 4*8 的 I/OP0 4 P3 接口 ,每个接口都可作为一个输入口,也可以用作输出口 。 (5)两个计时 / 计数 ,每个计时 / 计数器可设定而且可以在线上进行计数 ,用来计算的外部事件 ,也可以建立成一个计数方式 ，并能根据数或结果时间实现控制的计算机 。 (六)五钟切断源头上控制系统 . (七 )一个全通的串行双工 I/O 口 UART(通用异步接收机 / 发送 (UART),它实现了

36、一个计算机芯片或一个计算机芯片和电脑的通讯 . (8)弹性振荡器和时钟生产电路 、水晶石英细调需要外部电容 .现在允许的最大震荡频率是 12HZ, 每个上述地区内的数据都加入到了数据总线上 .其中 ,CPU 是基于单片机为核心的 ,这就是它的控制电脑及指挥中心 ,由算术装置等部件和控制器 ,等。算术单位可以进行 8 位的算术运算而单位 ALU 的同时包括逻辑运算 ,其中包括 1 个 8 位的临时寄存器 1、暂时贮存器2、8 的积累装置 ACC、寄存器 B 和程序 PSW 国家登记等 . 积累 ACC 的数字的人检查了 2 输入结束等 . 暂存作为一个频繁的操作 ,来自一个存储了一个是否进行宁外

37、一个暂存操作数的 人 ；操作结果在回馈给 ACC. 此外 ,在 8051 年的内部 ，ACC 通常被视为数据中转站 . 和一般微处理器一样 ,他是最繁忙的 . 帮助记住在队列中同意了的程序 . 该控制器包括程序计数器 ,订货 ,命令存储解读 ,振荡器电路和时间等 . 程序计数器是由 2 个 8 进制的数组成 ，即 16 进制 .事实上这只是一个字节计数器程序的地址 ，电脑运行的内容将是下一个 .改变这一程序执行的内容就可以改变这一程序执行的方向 . 调整 8051 电子芯片的.专业 .专注.数字电路 ,只需要将其外部的石英晶体和频率与电子电容相协调 ，其范围是 12mhz 的频率 1.2mhz

38、. 这一脉冲信号 ,作为 8051 年工作的基本节拍 ,即最低时间单位 . 8051 和是计算机一样 ,在和谐节拍的基本控制下工作得以正常进行 ，就像一个管弦乐团在指挥的要求下演奏一样.8051 年在片内有只读存储器(程序存储器 ,只能读 ),存储器 (存储数据,是可以写也可以读取 ),他们每个有独立的内存地址空间 ,处理方式是一样的 ,都是电脑存储的一个方式 . 8051 程序寄存器和 8751 片程序寄存器的容量是 4kb, 从 0000h 地址开始 ,用于保存程序和方式不变 .8051-8751 8031 的数据存储空间是 128b,00fh 假地址 ,用于存放中间操作结果 ,暂时储存数

39、据和数据缓冲等 。在这 128b 的内存中 ,有 32 个单位字节可以起到登记功能 ,这是与一般微处理器不一样的 、8051内存和工作寄存器形成队列 ，安排位置时也是这样 . MCS51 系列电脑芯片在添加寄存器的方法上和其他普通芯片是不一样的 . 一般的电脑再为第一个地址分配存储空间的时候 ,只读存储器和随机存储器可以在不同的空间的人为它分配空间 ,即只读存储器和随机存储器的地址 ,形成不同的地址空间分布 .在访问寄存器时只能访问一个 ，可能是只读存储器 ，也可能是随机存储器 . 这种记忆结构称为普林斯顿结构 . 8051 记忆分为程序存储空间和数据存储空间在物理结构上 ,有四个存储空间 :

40、我们的程序储存在一个数据存储空间之外 ，数据存储和一个程序存储空间 、这种结构形式的程序分离设备和数据存储器的数据格式的记忆 ,称为哈佛结构 . 但从用户的角度 ,8051 的记忆空间.专业 .专注.分为三类 :(1)在片内安排块的地址为 ffffh ，0000h 为位置，与外部保持一致（使用 16 位地址）. (二)处理数据存储空间地址在 64kb 内,地址从 0000h 到 Ffffh64kb( 使用 16 位地址 ),存储单元也是一样的 . （三)256B 数据存储空间 (使用 8 位地址 ). 上述三个存储空间地址重叠,鉴别设计 ,象征不同的数据传输的语言系统 8051:片内 CPU

41、访问 ,以 MOVC 控制只读存储器 ,使用片外的 MOVX 访问随机存储器 ，使用 MOV 访问片内的随机存储器8051 有 4 个 8 位并行的 I/O 口,叫 P0、P1、P2 和 P3. 每个端口都是 8 准确双向口 ,共使用 32 个插脚 . 每一个 I/O 口都可以独立的输入与输出 . 每一个端口包括门闩 (即特殊功能注册 )、一个出口驱动 ，以及一个入门缓冲区 . 当门闩打开时数据可以输入 ,数据可以从缓冲区进入 ,但这通道的四个功能是完全一样的 .这四个 I/O 端口常用来进行准确双向通信 。 在扩大对外开放记忆系统具有时代意义 ,P2 管脚代表高 8 位地址 . P0 口是一

42、个双向数据通信通道 ， 在输出时把进程的数据和地址分开 .输出阶段 ，P3 口，P1 口，与负载端电路图有关 . 他们的每一个都可以以 4 模式 LS TTL 方式输出 。当作为输入口的时候 ，任何 TTL 或 NMOS 都可以以一种通常使用 P3 口的方式使用 P1 口.因为电阻对输出品质有很大的影响 ，能不能开发一种集电极电阻或漏源极电阻来实现它 ，使得画电路而产生的额外电阻不存在 .端口都是精确的双向端口 .当有输入操作时 ，必须给对应的端脚输入 1 . 像 8053 一类的单片机，端口只能以毫安级别输出电流 ，输出口是以普通晶体管为基.专业 .专注.础输出的 ，应该与晶体管管脚和基座的

43、阻抗联系起来 ，在单片机初始化的时候 ，P1-P3 口高频率的运作时节约电能 。它的主要功能是把计算机变成 0000H 最初 ,使单片机开始从 0000H 标号程序 。除了那些在初始化时经常进入系统的程序 ，由于程序操作而产生的错误 ，或操作没有错误 ，为了从某种状态中回复过来 ，就需要重新启动 。他是一种输入信号被转换到数字信号的 RST 中国密码 。为了保证高频信号的效率 ，应维持 24 摇周期 (即 2 机周期）上述它的有效时间 。如果 6 的频率多型变换 ,4 信号完成恢复的宝贵时间就有了 。产生逻辑电路的信号 ：恢复的保护电路 ，在片内包含 2 部分：外部的电路产生恢复信号(RST）,交给史密斯触发器 ，由恢复电路输出 ，史密斯触发器不断的由 S5P2 输出，机器的循环有一个 ,那就得到并恢复到初始化所必须的信号 。恢复电路的电阻 、电容参数电路通常用 6 频率驱动 ,可保证恢复信号的高频的持续时间大于 2 个机器周期 。恢复电路的结构简单,它的功能是很重要的 。一个单片机系统能够正常运行 ,应该先检查初始化有没有成功 。 检查和运行就像一个人的 “头”和用示波器检测的问题 ,推动是初始化的关键问题 ,观察和波形 ,有足够的范围是出口(瞬间 ),也可以通过它恢复电路的变化来实现调整。.专业 .专注.