丁晓钟串讲六级冲刺阶段讲义

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1、丁晓钟新浪微博：冲 刺 阶 段1. 完形填空冲刺练习During the 1980s, unemployment and underemployment in some countries was as high as 90 percent. Some countries did not 1 enough food; basic needs in housing and clothing were not 2 . Many of these countries looked to the industrial processes of the developed nations 3 solut

2、ions. 4 , problems cannot always be solved by copying the industrialized nations. Industry in the developed nations is highly automated and very 5 . It provides fewer jobs than labor-intensive industrial processes, and highly 6 workers are needed to 7 and repair the equipment. These workers must be

3、trained, 8 many nations do not have the necessary training institutions. Thus, the 9 of importing industry becomes higher. Students must be sent abroad to 10 vocational and professional training. 11 , just to begin training, the students must 12 learn English, French, German, or Japanese. The studen

4、ts then spend many years abroad, and 13 do not return home.All nations agree that science and technology 14 be shared. The point is, countries 15 the industrial processes of the developed nations need to look carefully 16 the costs, because many of these costs are 17 . Students from these nations sh

5、ould 18 the problems of the industrialized countries closely. 19 care, they will take home not the problems of science and technology, 20 the benefits.1.A generateB raiseC produceD manufacture2. A answeredB metC calculatedD remembered3.A forB withoutC asD about4.A MoreoverB ThereforeC AnywayD Howeve

6、r5.A expensiveB mechanicalC flourishingD complicated6.A giftedB skilledC trainedD versatile7.A keepB maintainC retainD protect8.A sinceB soC andD yet9.A chargeB priceC costD value10.A acceptB gainC receiveD absorb11.A FrequentlyB IncidentallyC DeliberatelyD Eventually12.A soonB quicklyC immediatelyD

7、 first13.A someB othersC severalD few14.A mightB shouldC wouldD will15.A adoptingB conductingC receivingD adjusting16.A toB atC onD about17.A opaqueB secretC sealedD hidden18.A tackleB learnC studyD manipulate19.A InB ThroughC WithD Under20.A exceptB norC orD but2. 句子理解冲刺练习1. Hydrogen is the _ eleme

8、nt of the universe in that it provides the building blocks from which the other element are produced. A) steadiestB) lightestC) finalD) fundamental2. The primary criterion for judging a school is its recent performance: critics are _ to extend credit for earlier victories. A) proneB) reluctantC) wil

9、lingD) eager3. The results of the experiments performed by them were _ not only because these results challenged old assumptions but also because they called the prevailing methodology into question. A) provocativeB) predictableC) confirmedD) conclusive4. Despite the _ of many of their colleagues, s

10、ome scholars have begun to emphasize “pop culture” as a key for interpreting myths, hopes, and fears of contemporary society. A) supportB) enthusiasmC) skepticismD) sympathy5. Rather than enhancing a countrys security, the successful development of nuclear weapons could serve at first to increase th

11、e countrys _ . A) boldnessB) influenceC) responsibilityD) vulnerability6. It comes as no surprise that societies have codes of behavior; the character of the codes, on the other hand, can often be _ . A) predictableB) unexpectedC) explicitD) confusing7. Although ancient tools were _ preserved, enoug

12、h have survived to allow us to demonstrate an occasionally interrupted but generally continual progress through prehistory. A) partiallyB) perfectlyC) rarelyD) superficially8. Natural selection tends to eliminate genes that causes inherited diseases, acting most strongly against the most severe dise

13、ases; consequently, hereditary diseases that are fatal would be expected to be very _, but, surprisingly, they are not. A) dangerousB) rareC) prevalentD) acute9. Unfortunately, his damaging attacks on the impacts of the economic policy have been _ by his wholehearted acceptance of that policys under

14、lying assumptions. A) supplementedB) underminedC) confirmedD) wasted10. The sheer diversity of tropical plants represents a seemingly _ source of raw materials, of which only a few have been utilized. A) remarkableB) valuableC) inexhaustibleD) controversial11. Social tensions among adult groups can

15、be adjusted by politics, but adolescents and children have no such _ for resolving their conflict with the exclusive world of adults. A) justificationB) desireC) mechanismD) willingness12. Since she believe him to be both straightforward and trustworthy, she refused to consider the possibility that

16、his statement had been _ . A) irrelevantB) authenticC) criticalD) insincere13.In order to support her theory that the reactions are _, the scientists conducted many experiments, all of which showed that the heat of the first reaction is more than twice that of the second. A) constantB) valuableC) di

17、fferentD) problematic14. Current data suggest that, although _ states between fear and aggression exist, fear and aggression are as distinct physiologically as they are psychologically. A) exceptionalB) abnormalC) transitionalD) serious15. As for the alleged value of expert opinion, one need only co

18、nsult government records to see _ evidence of the failure of such opinions in many fields. A) questionableB) possibleC) littleD) strong16. In scientific inquiry it becomes a matter of duty to expose a _ hypothesis to every possible kind of examination. A) tentativeB) temporaryC) firmD) logical17. Ph

19、ilosophical problems arise when people ask questions that, though very _ , have certain characteristics in common. A) relevantB) elementaryC) abstractD) diverse18. Observable as a tendency of our culture is a _ of belief in psychoanalysis: we no longer feel that it can solve our emotional problems.

20、A) defenseB) withdrawalC) failureD) restoration19. The advocates of recombinant DNA research have decided to _ federal regulation of their work; they hope that by making this compromise they can prevent proposed state and local controls that might be even stiffer. A) protestB) denyC) encourageD) dis

21、regard20. Opponents of the expansion of the market economy, although in _ , continued to constitute a powerful force throughout the century. A) errorB) retreatC) commandD) effect3. 仔细阅读冲刺练习Passage One Low-level slash-and-burn farming doesnt harm rainforest. On the contrary, it helps farmers and impr

22、oves forest soils. This is the unorthodox view of a German soil scientist who has shown that burnt clearings in the Amazon, dating back more than 1,000 years, helped create patches of rich, fertile soil that farmers still benefit from today. Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because they lack

23、minerals and because the heat and heavy rainfall destroy most organic matter in the soils within four years of it reaching the forest floor. This means topsoil contains few of the ingredients needed for long-term successful farming. But Bruno Glaser, a soil scientist of the University of Bayreuth, h

24、as studied unexpected patches of fertile soils in the central Amazon. These soils contain lots of organic matter.Glaser has shown that most of this fertile organic matter comes from “black carbon” the organic particles from camp fires and charred (烧成炭的) wood left over from thousands of years of slas

25、h-and-burn farming. ”The soils, known as Terra Preta, contained up to 70times more black carbon than the surrounding soil, ”says Glaser.Unburnt vegetation rots quickly, but black carbon persists in the soil for many centuries. Radiocarbon dating shows that the charred wood in Terra Preta soils is ty

26、pically more than 1,000 years old.“Slash-and-burn farming can be good for soils provided it doesnt completely burn all the vegetation, and leaves behind charred wood,” says Glaser. “It can be better than manure (粪肥).” Burning the forest just once can leave behind enough black carbon to keep the soil

27、 fertile for thousands of years. And rainforests easily regrow after small-scale clearing. Contrary to the conventional view that human activities damage the environment, Glaser says: ”Black carbon combined with human wastes is responsible for the richness of Terra Preta soils.”Terra Preta soils tur

28、n up in large patches all over the Amazon, where they are highly prized by farmers. All the patches fall within 500 square kilometers in the central Amazon. Glaser says the widespread presence of pottery (陶器) confirms the soils human origins.The findings add weight to the theory that large areas of

29、the Amazon have recovered so well from past periods of agricultural use that the regrowth has been mistaken by generations of biologists for “virgin” forest.During the past decade, researchers have discovered hundreds of large earth works deep in the jungle. They are up to 20 meters high and cover u

30、p to a square kilometer. Glaser claims that these earth works, built between AD 400 and 1400, were at the heart of urban civilizations. Now it seems the richness of the Terra Preta soils may explain how such civilizations managed to feed themselves.1. We learn from the passage that the traditional v

31、iew of slash-and-burn farming is that .A) it does no harm to the topsoil of the rainforestB) it destroys rainforest soilsC) it helps improve rainforest soilsD) it diminishes the organic matter in rainforest soils2. Most rainforest soils are thin and poor because .A) the composition of the topsoil is

32、 rather unstableB) black carbon is washed away by heavy rainsC) organic matter is quickly lost due to heat and rainD) long-term farming has exhausted the ingredients essential to plant growth3. Glaser made his discovery by .A) studying patches of fertile soils in the central AmazonB) examining potte

33、ry left over by ancient civilizationsC) test-burning patches of trees in the central AmazonD) radiocarbon-dating ingredients contained in forest soils4. What does Glaser say about the regrowth of rainforests?A) They take centuries to regrow after being burnt.B) They cannot recover unless the vegetat

34、ion is burnt completely.C) Their regrowth will be hampered by human habitation.D) They can recover easily after slash-and-burn farming.5. From the passage it can be inferred that _.A) human activities will do grave damage to rainforestsB) Amazon rainforest soils used to be the richest in the worldC)

35、 farming is responsible for the destruction of the Amazon rainforestsD) there once existed an urban civilization in the Amazon rainforestsPassage TwoAs a wise man once said, we are all ultimately alone. But an increasing number of Europeans are choosing to be so at an ever earlier age. This isnt the

36、 stuff of gloomy philosophical contemplations, but a fact of Europes new economic landscape, embraced by sociologists, real-estate developers and ad executives alike. The shift away from family life to solo lifestyle, observes a French sociologist, is part of the “irresistible momentum of individual

37、ism” over the last century. The communications revolution, the shift from a business culture of stability to one of mobility and the mass entry of women into the workforce have greatly wreaked havoc on (扰乱) Europeans private lives.Europes new economic climate has largely fostered the trend toward in

38、dependence. The current generation of home-aloners came of age during Europes shift from social democracy to the sharper, more individualistic climate of American style capitalism. Raised in an era of privatization and increased consumer choice, todays tech-savvy (精通技术的) workers have embraced a free

39、 market in love as well as economics. Modern Europeans are rich enough to afford to live alone, and temperamentally independent enough to want to do so.Once upon a time, people who lived alone tended to be those on either side of marriage twenty something professionals or widowed senior citizens. Wh

40、ile pensioners, particularly elderly women, make up a large proportion of those living alone, the newest crop of singles are high earners in their 30s and 40s who increasingly view living alone as a lifestyle choice. Living alone was conceived to be negative-dark and cold, while being together sugge

41、sted warmth and light. But then came along the idea of singles. They were young, beautiful, strong! Now, young people want to live alone.The booming economy means people are working harder than ever. And that doesnt leave much room for relationships. Pimpi Arroyo, a 35-year-old composer who lives al

42、one in a house in Paris, says he hasnt got time to get lonely because he has too much work. “I have deadlines which would make life with someone else fairly difficult.” Only an Ideal Woman would make him change his lifestyle, he says. Kaufmann, author of a recent book called “The Single Woman and Pr

43、ince Charming,” thinks this fierce new individualism means that people expect more and more of mates, so relationships dont last long if they start at all. Eppendorf, a blond Berliner with a deep tan, teaches grade school in the mornings. In the afternoon she sunbathes or sleeps, resting up for goin

44、g dancing. Just shy of 50, she says shed never have wanted to do what her mother did give up a career to raise a family. Instead, “Ive always done what I wanted to do: live a self-determined life.”6. More and more young Europeans remain single because _ .A) they are driven by an overwhelming sense o

45、f individualismB) they have entered the workforce at a much earlier ageC) they have embraced a business culture of stabilityD) they are pessimistic about their economic future7. What is said about European society in the passage?A) It has fostered the trend towards small families.B) It is getting cl

46、oser to American-style capitalism.C) It has limited consumer choice despite a free market.D) It is being threatened by irresistible privatization.8. According to Paragraph 3, the newest group of singles are _ .A) warm and lighthearted B) on either side of marriageC) negative and gloomy D) healthy an

47、d wealthy9. The author quotes Eppendorf to show that .A) some modern women prefer a life of individual freedomB) the family is no longer the basic unit of society in present-day EuropeC) some professional people have too much work to do to feel lonelyD) most Europeans conceive living a single life a

48、s unacceptable10. What is the authors purpose in writing the passage?A) To review the impact of women becoming high earners.B) To contemplate the philosophy underlying individualism.C) To examine the trend of young people living alone.D) To stress the rebuilding of personal relationships.4. 快速阅读冲刺练习

49、【练习一】Biggest IT Challenges for EntrepreneursTechnology can be a very valuable tool forbusinessowners trying to streamline their businesses and increase productivity and just make their lives easier but its a tool thats multifaceted, complex and just a plain mystery to some. If used effectively, youl

50、l reap huge benefits for your business, but using it improperly means more inefficient systems, lost customers and a host of other problems.When it comes to managing yourtechnologyneeds, there are a number of challenges facing business owners today. The four biggest ones are a lack of education abou

51、t technology options, an inability to prioritize which technologies are most important at what time, how to go about integrating technology into your business and, finally, how to protect it. Lets talk about that lack of education first.Lack of EducationAlthoughitseems that technology gets easier an

52、d easier to use every year, for many, technology is still a “closed box.” And this closed box creates a digital divide. Take your website, for instance. Its pretty easy to create one, but the digital divide part comes into play when your competitor has features on their site that enables them to pro

53、vide better customer service than yours does. And while its easy to blame your weaker site on a lack of money, thats most likely not the reason your competitor has a feature that your site doesnt. The real reason is that they had the vision to hire an expert or do it by themselves using a low-cost h

54、osted application.What it comes down to is this: Because you didnt know you could add an instant chat tool to your website for just a few dollars per month and probably didnt even know such a service existed you didnt have it on your website and your competitor did.So how can you educate yourself ab

55、out whats out there that you should have?Set a goal to read the technology sections of a few small-business-focused magazines on a weekly or monthly basis, or subscribe to a few free online newsletters focused on small-business technology. Regularly keep in touch with yourlocaltech advisors and let

56、them know you want them to keep you informed about the technologies you should know about that could help your growing business. Take advantage of free and/or low-cost technology seminars offered by your local chamber of commerce, the SBA or other business organizations.Inability to PrioritizeMaybe

57、you know about the latest and greatest technologies already and have a super consultant to guide you. Since you most likely have a limited amount of time and money to implement the technology you need, its important to have a technology plan in place to prioritize what technology you decide to imple

58、ment and when.Lets say, for instance, that your companys sales force is growing and you,therefore, need to consider implementing a wireless e-mail system. Then your marketing manager tells you that you have to expand your marketing department and need to consider adding WiFi in yourofficeto accommod

59、ate the new employees. About this time, you also realize that more and more sales are happening outside your local region and you should expand your website to include better customer service and sales features.In this kind of scenario, its vital to work within a technology plan (just like your busi

60、ness plan) and consider what your goals are for the near, mid-term and long-range future. Using a technology plan will help you wisely invest in the right technology for your business at the right time. Without a technology plan, youll always feel like youre running after the “technology train” inst

61、ead of managing it.Integrating InformationWhen you first started out, its likely that you began using Microsoft Excel to store critical facts and figures. As your business grew, you might have then begun using a PDA and Microsoft Outlook to store customer information. A number of your employees now

62、use ACT! to manage customers while your marketing manager uses a hosted application. Congratulations! Youve now graduated to multiple silos of data, not one of which is connected or integrated.As your business grows, its absolutely essential that you ensure your businesss data is integrated as much as possible. Your inventory, sales data and marketing information need to be linked to together to best serve your customers and increase your profitability.When inventory levels are low,