William12 Blake

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1、William Blake (17571827)A Pre-Romanticist or forerunner of the romantic poetry of the 19th century.Representatives Blake began writing poetry at the age of 12. Songs of Innocence 1789 天真之歌Songs of Experience 1794 经验之歌The Marriage of Heaven and Hell 1790 天堂与地狱的婚姻Songs of InnocenceA lovely volume of p

2、oems, presenting a happy and innocent world, though not without its evils and sufferings. The Lamb Songs of Experience Paints a different world, a world of misery, poverty, disease, war and repression 压抑 with a melancholy tone. “The Lamb”Little Lamb, Ill tell thee, Little Lamb, Ill tell thee, He is

3、called by thy name, For he calls himself a Lamb. He is meek 温顺的 , & he is mild; He became a little child. I a child, & thou a lamb, We are called by his name. Little Lamb, God bless thee! Little Lamb, God bless thee! What does the lamb stand for? 小羔羊我要告诉你，小羔羊我要告诉你；他的名字跟你的一样，他也称他自己是羔羊；他又温顺又和蔼，他变成了一个小

4、小孩，我是个小孩, 你是羔羊咱俩的名字跟他一样。小羔羊上帝保佑你。小羔羊上帝保佑你。SummaryThe poem begins with the question, “Little Lamb, who made thee?” The speaker, a child, asks the lamb about its origins: how it came into being, how it acquired its particular manner of feeding, its “clothing” of wool, its “tender voice.” In the next s

5、tanza, the speaker attempts a riddling answer to his own question: the lamb was made by one who “calls himself a Lamb,” one who resembles in his gentleness both the child and the lamb. The poem ends with the child bestowing a blessing on the lamb. Form“The Lamb” has two stanzas 节 , each containing f

6、ive rhymed couplets 5个押韵的对句 . Repetition in the first and last couplet of each stanza makes these lines into a refrain 叠句 , and helps to give the poem its song-like quality. “The Tyger”Tyger! Tyger! Burning brightIn the forests of the night,What immortal hand or eyeCould frame thy fearful symmetry?

7、simitri 匀称 老虎！老虎！黑夜的森林中燃烧着的煌煌的火光，是怎样的神手或天眼造出了你这样的威武堂堂？(1st stanza)The poem begins with the speaker asking a fearsome tiger what kind of divine 神的 being could have created it.Each subsequent stanza contains further questions.In what distant deeps or skiesBurnt the fire of thine eyes?On what wings dar

8、e he aspires上升，飞翔?What the hand dare seize the fire?你炯炯的两眼中的火燃烧在多远的天空或深渊？他乘着怎样的翅膀搏击？用怎样的手夺来火焰？(2nd stanza)From what part of the cosmos kzms 宇宙could the tigers fiery eyes have come, and who would have dared to handle that fire? And what shoulder, & what art, Could twist the sinews sinju: 腱，肌肉 of thy

9、heart?And when thy heart began to beat,What dread hand? and what dread feet?又是怎样的膂力，怎样的技巧，把你的心脏的筋肉捏成？当你的心脏开始搏动时，使用怎样猛的手腕和脚胫？(3rd stanza)What sort of physical presence, and what kind of dark craftsmanship, would have been required to “twist the sinews” of the tigers heart?What the hammer? What the ch

10、ain?In what furnace f:nis 熔炉 was thy brain?What he anvilnvil 铁砧? What dread grasp Dare its deadly terrors clasp?是怎样的槌？怎样的链子？在怎样的熔炉中炼成你的脑筋？是怎样的铁砧？怎样的铁臂敢于捉着这可怖的凶神？(4th stanza)Comparing the creator to a blacksmith铁匠 , he ponders about the anvil and the furnace that the project would have required and t

11、he smith who could have wielded使用 them.When the stars threw down their spearsspi 标枪 ,And waterd heaven with their tears,Did he smile his work to see?Did he who made the Lamb make thee?群星投下了他们的投枪。用它们的眼泪润湿了穹苍，他是否微笑着欣赏他的作品？他创造了你，也创造了羔羊？(5th stanza) And when the job was done, the speaker wonders, how wo

12、uld the creator have felt? CommentaryThe reference to the lamb in the penultimatepinltimit 倒数第二的 stanza reminds the reader that a tiger and a lamb have been created by the same God.It invites a contrast between the perspectives of “experience” and “innocence” represented here and in the poem “The La

13、mb.” Tiger! Tiger! Burning brightIn the forests of the night,What immortal hand or eye,Dare frame thy fearful symmetry?老虎！老虎！黑夜的森林中燃烧着的煌煌的火光，是怎样的神手或天眼造出了你这样的威武堂堂？Form “The Lamb” has two stanzas 节 , each containing five rhymed couplets 5个押韵的对句 . Repetition in the first and last couplet of each stanza

14、 makes these lines into a refrain 叠句 , and helps to give the poem its song-like quality. “The Sick RoseO Rose thou art sick. The invisible worm, That flies in the night In the howling storm: Has found out thy bed Of crimsonkrimzn 深红色 joy: And his dark secret love Does thy life destroy. Summary The s

15、peaker, addressing a rose, informs it that it is sick. An invisible worm has stolen into its bed in a howling storm and under the cover of night. The dark secret love of this worm is destroying the roses life. About the PoemThe poem describing a forbidden love and the loss of a young girls innocence

16、, which winds up ruining her life. Commentary While the rose exists as a beautiful natural object that has become infected by a worm, it also exists as a literary rose, the conventional symbol of love. he image of the worm resonates with the Biblical serpent and also suggests a phallus. phallus/ fls

17、/: the male sexual organ. The bed into which the worm creeps denotes both the natural flowerbed and also the lovers bed. Commentary The crimson joy of the rose connotes both sexual pleasure and shame The invisible worm is this STD （sexually transmitted disease, it is spread around by impure sexual r

18、elations The sick rose refers to a woman that is infected with an STD from her unfaithful husband.And his dark secret love refers to the affair or prostitution that the roses husband takes part in results in the once-pure rose to be sick. Features of Blakes poems Blake writes his poems in plain and

19、direct language. His poems often carry the lyric beauty with immense compression of meaning. He distrusts the abstractness and tends to embody his views with visual images. Symbolism in wide range is also a distinctive feature of his poetry.1. Among the following, the one who was also an artist is _

20、. A. William BlakeB. Robert BurnsC. William WordsworthD. Samuel Taylor Coleridge2. “The Lamb” is included in William Blakes _. A. Poetical Sketches B. The Songs of Innocence C. The Songs of Experience D. The Marriage of Heaven and Hell3. The central image of “The Tyger” is _.A. hammer B. chain C. anvil D. fire