广东省珠海九年级英语全册Unit7WherewouldyouliketovisitTheEiffelTowerParis文章素材人教新目标版
《广东省珠海九年级英语全册Unit7WherewouldyouliketovisitTheEiffelTowerParis文章素材人教新目标版》由会员分享,可在线阅读,更多相关《广东省珠海九年级英语全册Unit7WherewouldyouliketovisitTheEiffelTowerParis文章素材人教新目标版(5页珍藏版)》请在装配图网上搜索。
1、Unit 7 Where would you like to visit-The Eiffel Tower, Paris文章素材HistoryThe Eiffel Tower, an immense structure of exposed latticework supports made of iron, was erected for the Paris Exposition of 1889. The Prince of Wales (later King Edward VII of England) officiated at the ceremonial opening. Of th
2、e 700 proposals submitted in a design competition, one was unanimously chosen, a radical creation from the French structural engineer Alexandre Gustave Eiffel (b. Dec. 15, 1832, d. Dec. 28, 1923), who was assisted in the design by engineers Maurice Koechlin and Emile Nouguier, and architect Stephen
3、Sauvestre.However, the controversial tower elicited some strong reactions, and a petition of 300 names including those of Maupassant, Emile Zola, Charles Garnier (architect of the Opra Garnier), and Dumas the Younger was presented to the city government, protesting its construction. The petition rea
4、d, We, the writers, painters, sculptors, architects and lovers of the beauty of Paris, do protest with all our vigour and all our indignation, in the name of French taste and endangered French art and history, against the useless and monstrous Eiffel Tower.Nature lovers thought that it would interfe
5、re with the flight of birds over Paris. But the Eiffel Tower was admired by Rousseau, Utrillo, Chagall, and Delaunay. It was almost torn down in 1909 at the expiration of its 20-year lease, but was saved because of its antenna used for telegraphy at that time. Beginning in 1910 it became part of the
6、 International Time Service. French radio (since 1918), and French television (since 1957) have also made use of its stature. In the 1960s, it was the subject of a wonderful study by semiologist Roland Barthes.Built to celebrate the science and engineering achievements of its age, soaring 300m / 984
7、 ft. (320.75m / 1,052 ft. including antenna) and weighing 7000 tons, the structure consists of two visibly distinct parts: a base composed of a platform resting on four separate supports (called pylons or bents) and, above this, a slender tower created as the bents taper upward, rising above a secon
8、d platform to merge in a unified column.This unprecedented work, the tallest structure in the world until the Empire State Building was built about 40 years later, had several antecedents. Among them were the iron-supported railway viaducts designed by Eiffel, an arch bridge over the Douro River in
9、Portugal with a span of 160 m (525 ft), and a design for a circular, iron-frame tower proposed by the American engineers Clarke and Reeves for the Centennial Exposition of 1876. Eiffel knew and publicly acknowledged this influence; he was no stranger to the United States, having designed the wrought
10、-iron pylon inside Frederic Bartholdis Statue of Liberty in 1885. Later in the same year, he had also begun work on the cupola of the Nice observatory.Eiffel was the leading European authority on the aerodynamics of high frames (he wrote The Resistance of the Air in 1913). In the construction of the
11、 Eiffel Tower, the curve of the base pylons was precisely calculated so that the bending and shearing forces of the wind were progressively transformed into forces of compression, which the bents could withstand more effectively. Such was Eiffels engineering wizardry that even in the strongest winds
12、 his tower never sways more than 4-1/2 inches. The superskyscrapers erected since 1960, such as the World Trade Center, were constructed in much the same way.However difficult its birth may have been, the Tour Eiffel is now completely accepted by French citizens, and is internationally recognized as
13、 one of the symbols of Paris itself.Facilities and ViewsIn the basements of the eastern and western pillars, one can visit the gargantuan 1899 machinery which powers the elevators, an astonishing spectacle reminiscent of a Jules Verne novel. From the Towers three platforms especially the topmost the
14、 view of Paris is superb. It is generally agreed that one hour before sunset, the panorama is at its best; dont forget to bring your camera, and experiment with the f-stop settings to capture a dazzling sunset on the Seine. If you cant be there in person, then check out a Live Aerial View of Paris w
15、ith TF1s webcam online: from the top of the Eiffel Tower, you can see Paris in real time, 24 hours a day, whatever the weather conditions in the French capital. To get the most out of this view of Paris, we suggest you surf their web site between 7:00 AM and 9:00 PM GMT (1:00 AM and 3:00 PM Eastern
16、Time in the U.S.), when the City of Light is at its best. First level: 57.63 meters (189 feet). Observatory from which to study the movements of the Eiffel Towers summit. Kiosk presentation about the mythic painting of the Eiffel Tower. Space CINEIFFEL: offers an exceptional panorama of sights from
17、the Tower. Souvenir shops (yes, every tourist MUST have a miniature replica). Restaurant Altitude 95 (phone 01-45-55-20-04). Post office, with special stamps Paris Eiffel Tower . Panoramic gallery displaying the Monuments of Paris.Second level: 115.73 meters (379 feet, 8 inches). Panorama of Paris.
18、Telescopes, shops. Animated displays on the operation of the elevators. Jules Verne Restaurant (extremely expensive, reservations absolutely necessary; phone 01-45-55-61-44).Third level: 276.13 meters (905 feet, 11 inches). Exceptional panoramic views, day or night, of Paris and its surroundings. Re
19、cently restored office of Gustave Eiffel, showing him welcoming Thomas Edison. Panoramic guide displays to aid orientation. Dioramas presenting the history of this platform.Probably the best approach to the tower is to take the Mtro to the Trocadro station and walk from the Palais de Chaillot to the
20、 Seine. Besides fabulous views, especially when the Trocadro fountains are in full force, you get a free show from the dancers and acrobats who perform around the Palais de Chaillot. The vast green esplanade beneath the tower is the Parc du Champs-de-Mars, which extends all the way to the 18th-centu
21、ry Ecole Militaire (Military Academy), at its southeast end. This formal lawn was once a parade ground for French troops.The Eiffel Tower at night is one of the great sights of Paris and shouldnt be missed. The gold lighting highlights the delicacy of the steelwork in a way that is missed in dayligh
22、t. Skip the tour buses and pickpockets on Trocadro and head up to the Ecole Militaire for a more tranquil view.Interesting Facts300 steel workers, and 2 years (1887-1889) to construct it. 15,000 iron pieces (excluding rivets). 2.5 million rivets. 40 tons of paint. 1671 steps to the top. Maximum sway
23、 at top caused by wind: 12 cm (4.75 inches). Maximum sway at top caused by metal dilation: 18 cm (7 inches). Total height in 1889: 300.51 meters (985 feet, 11 inches). Total height with television antenna: 320.755 meters (1052 feet, 4 inches). Height varies up to 15 cm depending on temperature. Size
24、 of base area: 10,281.96 square meters (2.54 acres). Weight of foundations: 277,602 kg (306 tons). Weight of iron: 7.34 million kg (8092.2 tons). Weight of elevator systems: 946,000 kg (1042.8 tons). Total weight: 8.56 million kg (9441 tons). Pressure on foundation: 4.1 to 4.5 kg per square centimet
25、er, depending on pier (58.26 to 64 lbs. per square inch). Dates of construction: January 26, 1887 to March 31, 1889. Cost of construction: 7.8 million francs ($1.5 million). Total number of visitors during 1889 Exposition: 1,968,287. Total receipts during 1889 Exposition: 5,919,884 francs ($1.14 mil
26、lion). Total number of visitors during 2002: 6,157,042. During its lifetime, the Eiffel Tower has witnessed a few strange scenes, including being scaled by a mountaineer in 1954, and two Englishmen parachuting off it in 1984. In 1923, the journalist Pierre Labric (who was later to become mayor of Mo
27、ntmartre) rode a bicycle down from the first level; some accounts say he rode down the stairs, others suggest the exterior of one of the towers four legs which slope outward.Politics have also played a role in its life. During World War II, the Germans hung a sign on it that read: Deutschland Siegt
28、Auf Allen Fronten (Germany is victorious on all fronts). In 1958, a few months before Fidel Castros rise to power, Cuban revolutionaries hung their red-and-black flag from the first level, and, in 1979, an American from Greenpeace hung one that read: Save the Seals. In 1989, the Tower celebrated its centennial with music and fireworks (the show lasted 89 minutes).
- 温馨提示:
1: 本站所有资源如无特殊说明,都需要本地电脑安装OFFICE2007和PDF阅读器。图纸软件为CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.压缩文件请下载最新的WinRAR软件解压。
2: 本站的文档不包含任何第三方提供的附件图纸等,如果需要附件,请联系上传者。文件的所有权益归上传用户所有。
3.本站RAR压缩包中若带图纸,网页内容里面会有图纸预览,若没有图纸预览就没有图纸。
4. 未经权益所有人同意不得将文件中的内容挪作商业或盈利用途。
5. 装配图网仅提供信息存储空间,仅对用户上传内容的表现方式做保护处理,对用户上传分享的文档内容本身不做任何修改或编辑,并不能对任何下载内容负责。
6. 下载文件中如有侵权或不适当内容,请与我们联系,我们立即纠正。
7. 本站不保证下载资源的准确性、安全性和完整性, 同时也不承担用户因使用这些下载资源对自己和他人造成任何形式的伤害或损失。
最新文档
- 卡通可爱绿色小学生家长会模板课件
- 卡通可爱老师教育教学模板课件
- 卡通可爱幼儿园大班家长会模板课件
- 卡通夏日暑假班会家长会模板课件
- 卡通可爱创意爱情告白求婚婚礼婚庆策划方案模板课件
- 卡通可爱军人动态模板通用模板课件
- 卡通可爱五一劳动最光荣主题班会模板课件
- 卡通可爱小学生常用急救知识模板课件
- 卡通动画小乌龟Franklin_02_02【声音字幕同步】课件
- 卡通儿童预防冬季流感科普宣传模板课件
- 卡通动漫动物人物绘制课件
- 卡通可爱儿童节主题活动策划方案模板课件
- 卡通儿童珍爱生命防溺水主题班会模板课件
- 卡通动漫教育教学课程设计教师说课模板课件
- 身体工作动态静心资料来源Osho的静心与健康若欲详解敬请课件