新概念二册复合句组成

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1、如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！三、复合句 (主句 +连词 +从句 )包含一个主句， 一个或一个以上的从句的句子叫复合句。 从句从属于主句并充当主句的某一成分，如主语，表语，宾语，定语，状语等。1.主语从句主语从句就是从句作主语。它可作谓语动词的主语，也可作分词的主语。主语从句有三种：(1) 由 that 引导：It is impolite that you talked so loud in the restaurant.你们在餐馆那么大声音说话是极不礼貌的。It is a great surprise that she won the champion.她得了冠军，真是令人惊异。(2) 由

2、 what, whatever 和 whoever 等代词引导：What she said just now is correct.她刚才说的话很对。What caused the air disaster is under the investigation.究竟是什么导致了这次空难，正在调查。Whatever you have seen must be kept in your mind.不管你看到什么，都要记在心里。Whoever breaks the world record will get one million yuan as an a ward.任何打破世界纪录的人将得到一百万

3、元奖金。(3) 由连接副词whether, how, when, why, where 引导：When the sports meet will be held isnt decided.什么时候开运动会还没有定下来。Whether she can pass the exam is not sure.她是否能够通过考试还没有把握。How he arrived there is unknown to anybody.他是如何到达那里的，没有人知道。Why the fire broke out here in the workshop remains a mystery.车间这里为什么会发生火灾仍

4、是个谜。注意：当主语从句过长而谓语较短时，通常用代词it 作形式主语，而把从句放在句尾。It remains a mystery that the air disaster took place that day.那天发生的空难仍然是个谜。It is uncertain whether well attend the meeting or not .我们是否参加那个会议还没有确定。2.宾语从句这类从句常是这种结构：主句+引导句 +从句，从句中始终用陈述语序。(1) 由 that 引导 (通常 that 可以省略 )She is very sure that she can work out t

5、he problem.她确信她能解出这道题。She told me that she could finish it herself.她跟我说她可以自己完成这件工作。(2) 由 what, who, which 等关系代词引导We dont understand what you said just now.我们不明白你刚才说的话。Tell me which you want?1 页如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！告诉我你要哪一个?Do you know who is the man over there?你知道那边那个人是谁吗?(3) 由 how, when, why, where 引导宾语

6、从句They wanted to know when the building would be set up.他们想要知道这座楼房何时建成。Will you please tell me how I can get to the park?请告诉我怎么走才能到公园好吗?I wonder where she is now.我想知道她现在在哪儿?I dont know why you dislike physics.我不知道为什么你讨厌物理。(4) 一些形容词之后所接的句子也是宾语从句。这些形容词有： glad, sorry, sure , afraid, worried,angry, awar

7、e, confident 等。Im glad that youve helped me a lot.很高兴你给我这么大的帮助。We are confident that we can beat them.我们有信心打败他们。The father was angry that his son failed to pass the maths exam.这位父亲对他的儿子数学不及格很恼火。Im not sure if she has finished the painting.我不清楚她是否完成了那幅作品。注意：当宾语从句过长时，可用it 作形式宾语而将从句放在句子后面。She thought i

8、t pity that I had missed the chance.她认为我错过了那个机会非常可惜。I found it very easy that I worked out the problem .我觉得很容易地就做出了这道难题。The manager made it clear that your idea was impossible .经理已明白地指出你的想法不能实现。3.定语从句以从句的形式修饰或限定主句中的名词、代词、短语等的句子，叫作定语从句。定语从句通常用关系词 (关系代词和关系副词 ) 把它与主句连接起来。 它在句中所修饰和限定的词或短语称为先行词。引导定语从句的关系

9、代词有： who( 指人，在从句中作主语或宾语 )， whom( 指人，作宾语 ) ，whose(指人，作定语 )， that(可指人或物 )，which( 指物 )。引导定语从句的关系副词有： when(指时间 )，where( 指地点 )，why( 指原因 )。这些关系副词 相当于 (介词 +which) 。例如：when=in(on ， at， during)+whichwhere=in(at ， to)+whichwhy=for which(1) 关系代词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语；关系副词在从句中作状语。作主语： The woman who is talking to the

10、teacher is her mother.正在跟老师说话的那个女人是她的母亲。The boy who played the piano on the stage yesterday is Mr. Lis s on.2 页如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！昨天在台上弹钢琴的那个男孩儿是李先生的儿子。作定语： Chaplin was a great actor whose name is well known all over the world.卓别林是一位闻名于全世界的伟大的演员。Do you know the man whose son is your schoolmate?你认识那个他的儿

11、子是你同学的男人吗?作宾语： I am looking for the bike (that) I put here yesterday.)我正在找昨天我放在这里的自行车。These are the reference books (that) I bought for you yesterday.这些是我昨天给你买的参考书。作状语：指时间：Jack wasted much time on those days when he was in the middle school.杰克上中学的时候，浪费了许多时光。It was in 1937 when Japanese soldiers brok

12、e into the city Beiping.日本鬼子闯入北平城是在一九三七年。指地点：This is the place where the composer Beethoven was born.这就是作曲家贝多芬出生的地方。Have you been to the seaside where we can enjoy swimming?你去过那处我们可以尽情游泳的海滨吗?指原因：Do you know (the reason) why she was so sad?你知道她为什么这样伤心吗?Who can tell me why its so unfair?谁能告诉我为什么老天爷如此不

13、公平?Thats(the reason)why he was absent.这就是他缺席的原因。注意：当先行词被first ，last 这类词或最高级修饰时，一律都用 that 而不用 which 或 who(不管先行词是指人还是物)。This is the most beautiful picture that I have ever seen!这是我所看见过的最美的画!Im the only one that you can rely on.我是你唯一能够依靠的人。当先行词为 all， no， any， only ， little ， much， something ，anything ，

14、nothing ，everything等不定代词的时候，必须用 that 作引导词引导定语从句。There is nothing that she can say to you.她对你没有什么话可说。She is not interested in anything (that) he has told her.她对他告诉她的任何事情都不感兴趣。(2) 介词前置的定语从句关系代词which 和 whom 还可以作介词的宾语，这时要把介词放在整个定语从句的前面。Is this the school in which you studies?(in which=where)这是你上学的学校吗?3

15、页如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！The man on whom the whole family rely died in a traffic accident yesterday.那个全家人依靠的顶梁柱昨天死于一场交通事故。关系代词that 和关系副词when， where 等都不能作介词的宾语。The house in which they are living was built 50 years ago.他们现在正居住的房子是50 年以前建的。 (不能说： The house in that they are living w as built50 years ago.)如果不用关系

16、词，介词要放在从句句尾。The house they are living in was built 50 years ago.他们现在居住的房子建于50 年以前。(3) 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句从句与主句关系密切，没有从句主句不能成立，这样的句子为限制性定语从句；从句与主句关系松散， 对主句只起补充和说明的作用， 没有从句主句仍然成立， 这样的句 子叫非限制性定语从句。该从句要用逗号与主句分开。Her boyfriend who is working abroad will return home next week.(限制性从句 )她的在国外工作的男友下周要回国。Her boyfr

17、iend, who works abroad, will return home next week.(非限制性从句 )她的男友下周回国，他在国外工作。(补充说明她的男友在国外工作这一情况)Those boys and girls who wanted to go hiking were very joyful.想去野游的同学们都非常高兴。Those boys and girls, who wanted to go hiking, were very joyful.那些同学很高兴，他们要去野游。4.表语从句以从句的形式作表语，叫表语从句。表语从句常以that， what， why ， wher

18、e 和 how 等关系代词或关系副词引导。(1)that， if ，whether 可以引导表语从句，但有时也用because，as，as if，as though 等引导表语从句。The reason is that he kept working hard at his studies all the time.原因是他一直刻苦学习。My idea is that you should eat less and take more exercise.我的看法是你应少吃多活动。It looks as if it will clear up.看起来天要晴了。Why did she leave?

19、It is because she was annoyed at your word.她为什么走了 ?因为她非常烦你说的话。(2) 用 what， who， which 等连接代词引导：Thats what I want to say.那就是我所要说的话。The question is who will be sent there.问题是要派谁去那里。4 页如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！His trouble is which colour he should choose for her.他发愁该为她选择哪种颜色。(3) 用 when， how， where， why 等连接副词引导：Th

20、e problem is how we can find out the reason.问题是我们怎样才能找出原因。That is why he came to see you last week.那就是为什么他上星期来看你的原因。5.状语从句按照它们在句中的作用，状语从句可分为九种：时间，地点，原因，条件，方式，让步，比较，结果，目的状语从句。 (详细情况参考第十二章连词 )(1) 时间状词从句引导时间状语从句的连词有：when，while ，before，after，till(until) ，as，since，a s soon as，once(一旦 )， now that( 既然 )， w

21、henever， during the time( 在 期间 )等。Tell him to come to me when you see him.你看见他时，让他到我这儿来一趟。Strike while iron is hot.趁热打铁。She wont go back home until the rain stops.她要等到雨停了才回家。注意：主句是将来时，从句要用一般现在时。(2) 地点状语从句引导地点状语从句的连词为：where， wherever。Where there is smoke, there is fire.无风不起浪。He is now living in a hou

22、se where Lu Xun once lived.他现在住在一所鲁迅曾经居住过的房子里。Wherever he went, he always took an umbrella with him.不管他到哪里去，他总是随身带着一把伞。(3) 原因状语从句通常引导原因状语从句的连词有：because，for ，as， since，now that 等；而 in that ，fo r thereason that， seeing (that)， considering (that) 等引导状语从句，多用于书面语。She didnt get on that bus because it was

23、too crowded.她没有上那辆公共汽车，因为车上太挤了。They hurried to finish their work, for it was getting dark.他们赶忙结束自己手里的活，因为天快黑了。As I knew nothing about him, I didnt say anything to the policeman.由于我对他的情况一无所知，我没有对警察说什么。Since it was raining, I had to stay at home.由于下雨，我只好呆在家里。注意： because， for， as， since 强调原因的程度，依次递减；be

24、cause 强调直接的原因，for表示附加的或推断的原因，as 表示明显的原因，since 表示众所周知的原因。另外，凡用because的句子，都不再用so。Now that youve been to America, tell us something about it.既然你去过美国，给我们讲讲那里的情况。5 页如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！Seeing that the woman was in need of help, we went up to her.看到那位妇女需要帮助，我们朝她走过去。注意：当原因状语从句的主语与主句的主语相同时，可以使用介词短 语、分词短语或不定式短语代

25、替从句。He was blamed for being late again. ( 介词短语 )(He was blamed because he was late again.)他因再次迟到而受到责备。Being worried about her daughter, she decided to go there to see what happened. ( 分词短语 )(Because she was worried about her daughter, she decided to go t here to see what happened.)由于担心她的女儿，她决定亲自去那里看

26、看发生了什么事。She was foolish to have given him so much money. ( 不定式短语 )(She was foolish because she gave him so much money.)她真蠢，给了他那么多钱。(4) 条件状语从句表示主句谓语动作发生的条件、推测或意愿。常用的连词有：if ，unless，suppose，as far as，as long as， in case， except， on condition(that) 等。这类从句中，如果主句用一般将来时，从句应该用一般现在时。If you dont hurry, you wi

27、ll miss the train.如果你不快一些，你就赶不上那趟火车了。Unless you work harder at your study, you wont be able to get t he diploma.除非你在学习上更努力一些，否则你不能拿到文凭。Suppose she doesnt come, what shall we do?假如她不来，我们怎么办?She is quite a kind woman, as far as I know.据我所知，她是一个非常贤惠的女人。(5) 方式状语从句引导方式状语从句的连词有：as，as if， as though， in the

28、 way 等。She looked at me as if I was a stranger.她看看我就好像我是一个陌生人。Do as what he said.照他说的做。注意：不定式或分词短语可以代替方式状语从句。The man locked the door quickly, as if trying to stop someone from getting in.(分词短语 )那人把门迅速地锁上，就好像防止什么人进去。He pointed to the house as if to say something.( 不定式短语。 )他指着那所房子，像是要有什么话说。(6) 让步状语从句引

29、导让步状语从句的连词有：although (though) ； however，when ，while 等；连接代词whatever，whoever ，whichever 等；短语 even if ，even though，no matter what (how ，which ，who)等。 though 不能与 but 连用。Although it was raining, the football game went on.尽管正下着雨，足球比赛继续进行。However delicious the food was, she refused to eat.无论这些食品有多么好吃，她都不吃。

30、6 页如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！While I admit that we havent much money, I dont think we cant do anything.虽然我承认我们没有多少钱，但是我认为还是可以做一些事情的。Old as he is, he tries to do something helpful.虽然他年岁已经很大了，但他还在尽力做一些助人的好事。(7) 比较状语从句常用的连词有as.as， not as.as， than 等。He is much cleverer than I expected.他比我原来预料的要聪明得多。This kind of c

31、loth feels as soft as silk.这种料子摸上去就如丝绸一般柔软。The more she thought about it, the happier she was .她越想这件事，便越觉得高兴。(8) 结果状语从句引导结果状语从句的连词常用的有：that， so that， such.that， but(that)等。Riding the motorbike is so dangerous that his father refuses to buy one for him.驾驶摩托车太危险，他父亲不给他买。He went upstairs without shoes

32、so that there was no sound heard.他脱掉了鞋上楼，以便没有人听见声音。It is such a good opportunity that you cant missit.这是一个绝好的机会，你绝不能放过。注意：结果状语从句与几种不定式形式的转换： .enough+for 名词 ( 代词 )+to do. 与从句的转换： The sitting-room is so large that it can hold a t least twenty people to have a party.The sitting-room is large enough for

33、 twenty people to have a party.这间客厅很大，能容纳20 个人聚会一下。He drove so fast that she was frightened. He drove fast enough for her to be frightened.他把车开得很快，以致把她吓坏了。从句与主句为同一主语时，从句可与下列不定式形式转换：enough to.，so.as to ，such.asto， too.to.Susan was so clever that she worked out the problem within three minutes. Susan

34、was clever enough to work out the problem within three minutes .苏姗非常聪明，在三分钟之内就做出了那道难题。 His car is in such bad condition that it has tobe repaired in the garage.His car is in such bad condition as to be repaired in the garage.他的车的车况太差，得去修理厂大修一下。She is so tired that she cant go any farther. She is too

35、 tired to go any farther.她太累了，连一步也走不动了。(9) 目的状语从句引导目的状语从句的连词有：so that， in order that ， that， in case that， for fear t hat 等等。He came to me in order that he could borrow some money from me.He came to me so that he could borrow some money from me.他到我这儿来，为的是借一些钱。7 页如有你有帮助，请购买下载，谢谢！Take the raincoat wit

36、h you in case you might need it in rain.带着这件雨衣吧，以防下雨时要用。I wont promise her anything for fear I cant realize it.我没有向她承诺任何事情，是我不能实现这种承诺注意：介词 for 和 with 也可以表示目的，代替目的状语从句。例如 They do exercises every day so that they may keep themselves healthy. They do exercises every day for keeping themselves healthy.She made friends with some Americans in order that she could learn English from them. She made friends with some Americans for the purpose of learning English from them8 页