unity ----练习题

《unity ----练习题》由会员分享，可在线阅读，更多相关《unity ----练习题（8页珍藏版）》请在装配图网上搜索。

1、Unity :The three paragraphs that follow all discuss the same topic. Only one of themshows unity. First read the paragraphs. Then answer these questions.1. Which paragraph has unity?2. Which paragraph does not have unity because it discusses two different topics?3. Which paragraph does not have unity

2、 because it has sentences that are not related to the main topic?Paragraph 1Effects of ColorColors create biological reactions in our bodies. These reactions, in turn,can change our behavior. In one study, prisoners were put in a pink room, and they underwent a drastic and measurable decrease in mus

3、cle strength and hostility within 2.7 seconds. In another study, athletes needing short bursts of energy were exposed to red light. Their muscle strength increased by 13.5 percent,and electrical activity in their arm muscles increased by 5.8 percent. Athletes needing more endurance for longer perfor

4、mances responded best when exposed to blue light. Other studies have shown that the color green is calming. Green was a sacred color to the Egyptians, representing the hope and joy of spring. It is also a sacred color to Moslems. Many mosques and religious temples throughout the world use green (the

5、 color of renewal and growth) and blue (the color of heaven)to balance heavenly peace with spiritual growth. To sum up, color influences us in many ways (Daniels 10).Paragraph 2Effects of ColorColors create biological reactions in our bodies. These reactions, in turn,can change our behavior. In one

6、study, prisoners were put in a pink room, and they underwent a drastic and measurable decrease in muscle strength and hostility within 2.7 seconds. In another study, athletes needing short bursts of energy were exposed to red light. Their muscle strength increased by 13.5 percent,and electrical acti

7、vity in their arm muscles increased by 5.8 percent. Athletes needing more endurance for longer performances responded best when exposed to blue light. Other studies have shown that the color green is calming. After Londons Blackfriars Bridge was painted green, the number of suicides decreased by 34

8、percent. These and other studies clearly demonstrate that color affects not only our moods but our behavior as well (Daniels 10).Paragraph 3Effects of ColorColors create biological reactions in our bodies. These reactions, in turn,can change our behavior. In one study, athletes needing short bursts

9、of energy were exposed to red light. Their muscle strength increased by 13.5 percent, and electrical activity in their arm muscles increased by 5.8 percent. Athletes needing more endurance for longer performances responded best when exposed to blue light. Blue is not a good color for dinnerware, how

10、ever. Food looks less appetizing when it is served on blue plates, perhaps because very few foods in nature are of that color. Other studies have shown that the color green is calming. After Londons Blackfriars Bridge was painted green, the number of suicides from it decreased by 34 percent. It is c

11、lear that color affects not justour moods, but our behavior as well (Daniels 10)Both of the following paragraphs break the rule of unity because they containone or more sentences that are off the topic.Step 1 Locate and underline the topic sentence of each paragraph.Step 2 Cross out the sentence or

12、sentences that are off the topic.Paragraph 1Adventure travel is the hot trend in the tourism industry. Ordinary people are no longer content to spend their two weeks away from the office resting on a sunny beach in Florida. More and more often, they are choosing to spend their vacations rafting down

13、 wild rivers, hiking through steamy rain forests, climbing the worlds highest mountains, or crossing slippery glaciers. J People of all ages are choosing educational study tours for their vacations.Paragraph 2DaredevW sports are also becoming popular. Young people especially are increasingly willing

14、 to risk life and limb 3 while mountain biking, back country snowboarding, or high-speed skateboarding. Soccer is also popular in the United States now, although football is still more popular. One of the riskiest new sports is sky surfing, in which people jump out of airplanes with boards attached

15、to their feet. Sky surfing rivals 4 skydiving and bungee jumping for the amount of thrills and risk.Both of the following paragraphs not only have sentences that are off the topicbut also discuss two or more topics.Step 1 Decide where each paragraph should be divided into two paragraphs.Underline th

16、e topic sentence of each.Step 2 Find sentence(s) that are off the topic and cross them out.Paragraph 1Because the Internet makes the world a smaller place, the value of having a common language is greatly increased. The question is-which language?Because the Internet grew up in the United States, th

17、e largest percentage of its content is now in English. Bill Gates, Microsofts president, believes that English will remain valuable for a long time as a common language for internationalcommunication. His company spends $200 million a year translating software into other languages. He says, Unless y

18、ou read English passably well, you miss out on some of the Internet experience. Someday, software may be available to instantly translate both written and spoken language so well that the need for any common language could decline. That day is decades away, however,because flawless machine translati

19、on is a very tough problem. Computer spelling checkers also exist for various languages. Software that does crude translations already exists. It is useful if all you are trying to do is understand the general idea of something you see on your computer screen. However, if you are trying to negotiate

20、 a contract or discuss a scientific subject where details are important, machine translation is totally useless (Gates).6Paragraph 2Even when you try to be polite, it is easy to do the wrong thing inadvertently ,in a new culture. For example, when someone offers you food or a beverage in the United

21、States, accept it the first time it is offered. If you say, No, thank youbecause it is polite to decline the first one or two offers in your culture, you could become very hungry and thirsty in the United States. There, a host thinks thatno means no and will usually not offer again. Meals in the Uni

22、ted States are usually more informal than meals in other countries, and the times of meals may be different. Although North Americans are usually very direct in social matters,there are a few occasions when they are not. If a North American says, Please drop by sometime, he mayor may not want you to

23、 visit him in his home. Your clue that this may not be a real invitation is the word sometime. In some areas of the United States, people do not expect you to visit them unless you have an invitation for a specific day and time. In other areas of the United States,however, dropping by is a friendly,

24、 neighborly gesture. Idioms are often difficult for newcomers to understand. Another element of a good paragraph is coherence. The Latin verb cohere means hold together. For coherence in writing, the sentences must hold together; that is,the movement from one sentence to the next must be logical and

25、 smooth. There must be no sudden jumps. Each sentence should flow smoothly into the next one.Coherence :1Gold, a precious metal,is prized for two important characteristics. 2First of all, gold has a lustrous beauty that is resistant to corrosion. 3Therefore, it is suitable for jewelry, coins, an orn

26、amental purposes. 4Gold never n(3eds to be polished and will remain beautiful forever 5For example, a Macedonian coin remains as untarnished today as the day it was made 25 centuries ago. 6 Another important characteristic of gold is its usefulness to. industry and science. 7For many years, it has b

27、een usedin hundreds of industrial applications, such as photography and dentistry. 8The most recent use of gold is in astronauts suits. 9 Astronauts wear gold-plated heat shields for protection when they go outside spaceships in space. 10ln conclusion, gold is treasured not only for its beauty but a

28、lso for its utility.You should have circled the noun “gold “_times, the pronoun “it “_, and the pronoun “its “_ times.Key nouns:In the following paragraph, the key noun is never repeated. Replace the pronoun it with the key noun English wherever you think doing so would make the paragraph more coher

29、ent. English1English has almost become an international language. 2Except for Chinese,more people speak it than any other language. Spanish is the official language of more countries in the world, but more countries have it as their official or unofficial second language. 4More than 70 percent of th

30、e worlds mail is written in it. 51t is the primary language on the Internet. Bin international business, it is used more than any other language, and it is the language of airline pilots and air traffic controllers all over the world. 7Moreover, although French used to be the language of diplomacy,

31、it has displaced it throughout the world. therefore, unless you plan to spend your life alone on a desert island in the middle-of the Pacific Ocean, it is a useful language to know.B. In the following passage about dolphins, replace some of the pronouns with appropriate singular or plural nouns.Dolp

32、hins1Dolphins are interesting because they display almost human behavior at times. 2For example, they display the human emotions of joy and sadness.3During training, when they do something correctly, they squeal excitedly and race toward their trainer. when they make a mistake, however, they droop!n

33、oticeably and mope 2 around their pool. 5Furthermore, they help each other when they are in trouble. But if one is sick, it sends out a message, and others in the area swim to help it. 7They push it to the surface of the water so that it can breathe. they stay with it for days or weeks until it reco

34、vers or dies. they have also helped trapped or lost whales navigate their way safely out to the open sea.If they are so intelligent and helpful, in fact, that the U.S. Navy is training themto become underwater bomb disposal experts.Key nouns :1) In the topic sentence of the following paragraph, unde

35、rline the keynoun that names the topic.2 )Then circle (a) repetitions of the key nouns, (b) pronouns that refer tothem, and (c) synonyms that are substitutes for them. You should havea total of 10 circles: 3 circles around key nouns, 3 around pronouns,and 4 around synonyms.A Mardi Gras Custom1 Throw

36、 me something, mister, is the customary plea for a Mardi Gras throw. 21n the final days of Mardi Gras, the season of parties, parades, and revelry! that precedes the Christian period of fasting and penance 2 called Lent,crowds of spectators line the streets of New Orleans. 3They hope;t0 catch a Mard

37、i Gras souvenir tossed from parading floats. 4 Mardi Gras organizations called krewes build the floats and sponsor the parades, and while cruising along parade routes, costumed krewe members throw plastic trinkets to the crowds below. 5The trinkets, which are called throws, G0hsist of bead necklaces

38、, coins, cups, toys, Frisbees, and figurines stamped with the krewes symbol or the parade theme. 6 Mardi Gras throws are big business for the companies that supply them. 7 Krewe members spend an average of $800 on them, and some spend $2,000 or more. 8 By far the most treasured of the Mardi Gras mem

39、entos are gaudy bead necklaces. 9 Originally made of glass, they are now made of plastic (Roach).3Consistent Pronouns Olympic AthletesOlympic athletes must be strong both physically and mentally. First of all,if you hope to compete in an Olympic sport, you must be physically strong.Furthermore, aspi

40、ring 4 Olympians must train rigorously for many years. For the most demanding sports, they train several hours a day, five or six days a week,for ten or more years. In addition to being physically strong, athletes must alsobe mentally tough. This means that you have to be totally dedicated to your s

41、port, often giving up a normal school, family, and social life. Being mentally strong also means that he or she must be able to withstand the intense pressure of international competition with its accompanying media 6 coverage. Finally, not everyone can win a medal, so Olympians must possess the inn

42、er strength to live with defeat.连词：Coordinating conjunctions:Coordinating conjunctions connect grammatically equal elements. Coordinatingconjunctions are sometimes called the Fan Boys conjunctions-For, And, Nor,But, Or, Yet, So.For :Connects a reason to a result - I am a little hungry, for I didnt e

43、at breakfast this morning.And: Connects equal similar ideas -John likes to fish and hunt.Nor :Connects two negative sentences -She does not eat meat, nor does she drink milk.But :Connects equal different ideas -I like to eat fish but not to catch them.Or :Connects two equal choices- Do you prefer co

44、ffee or tea?Yet: Connects equal contrasting ideas- It is sunny yet cold.So: Connects a result to a reason -I did not eat breakfast this morning, so I am a little hungry.both . and .-Both San Francisco and Sydney have beautiful harbors.not only . but also.-Japanese food is not only delicious to eat b

45、ut also beautiful to look at.either . or .-Bring either a raincoat or an umbrella when you visit Seattle.neither . nor.-My grandfather could neither read nor write, but he was a very wise person.whether . Or-The newlyweds could not decide whether to live with her parents or to rent an apartment. Imp

46、rove the coherence of the following paragraph by adding transitions in the blank spaces. Use the hints provided in parentheses to help you choose a transition. Move Over, DVD. Here Comes BD!First, CDs brought digital sound into our homes. Then OVO technology brought digital sound and video and revol

47、utionized the movie industry. Soon there will be (1) (additional idea) revolution: 8lu-ray discs (80s).A 8lu-ray disc will have several advantages. (2) (list in order) it has an enormous data storage capacity. A single-sided OVO can hold4.7 gigabytes of information, about the size of an average 2-ho

48、ur movie. A single- sided BD, (3) (contrast), can hold up to 27 gigabytes,enough for 13 hours of standard video. A (4) (list in order) advantage is that a BO can record, store, and play back high-definition video because of its larger capacity. A double-layer BO can store about 50 gigabytes,enough f

49、or 4.5 hours of high-definition video. The cost will be about the same.(5) (additional idea), a BO has a higher date transfer rate-36 megabits per second-than todays DVDs, which transfer at 10 megabits per second. (6) (result) a BO can record 25 gigabytes of data in just over an hour and a half. (7)

50、 (conclusion) because of their large storage capacity and comparable cost, BOs will probably take over the market when they become widely available.运用连接词写句子：Sentence 1. There are four noticeable differences between British and American English. the most noticeable difference for example another diff

51、erence for example a third difference such as finally for instance in conclusion练习连词：The following paragraph has too many transition signals. Which ones are helpful to the reader? Which transition signals are an unnecessary distraction?Step 1 Improve the paragraph by deleting some transition signals

52、. You may want to rewrite sentences, and you may have to change the capitalization and punctuation.Step 2 There are many possible ways to do this assignment. Discuss your changes with a partner or in a group. How to Grow an Avocado Tree lAfter you have enjoyed the delicious taste of an avocado, do n

53、ot throw out the seed! You can grow a beautiful houseplant or even your own tree by following these simple steps. First, wash the seed. Second, dry it. Third, insert three toothpicks into its thickest part. Then fill a glass or empty jar with water.After that, suspend the seed in the water with the

54、pointed end up and the broad end down. The water should cover about an inch of the seed. Next, putjhe glass in a warm place, but not in direct sunlight. Add water when necessary to keep the bottom of the seed under water at all times. In two to six weeks, you should see roots begin to grow. Furtherm

55、ore, the seed will crack open, and then a stem will emerge from the top. However, wait until the stem is 6 to 7inches long. Then cut it back to about 3 inches. Now wait until the roots are thick and the stem has leafed out again. Then fill an 8- to 10-inch diameter clay pot with enriched potting soi

56、l. Plant the seed, leaving the top half exposed. Then water it well. After that, water frequently but lightly; also give the plant an occasional deep soaking. However, do not over water your little tree. Yellow leaves are a sign of too much water. Then place the potted plant in a sunny window and wa

57、tch it grow. The more sunlight, the better; Then, when the stem is 12 inches high, cut it back to 6 inches to encourage the growth of side branches. In just a few more weeks, you will have a beautiful indoor plant. In conclusion, enjoy your new plant, but do not expect it to bear fruit. Avocados gro

58、wn from seed occasionally flower and bear fruit; however, first you will have to plant it outside and then wait anywhere from five to thirteen years.文中运用哪种logical order:Paragraph 1The process of machine translation of languages is complex. To translate a document from English into Japanese, for exam

59、ple, the computer first analyzes an English sentence, determining its grammatical structure and identifying the subject, verb, objects, and modifiers. Next, the words are translated by an English-Japanese dictionary. After that, another part of the computer programanalyzes the resulting awkward jumb

60、le of words and meanings and produces an intelligible sentence based on the rules of Japanese syntax 2 and the machines understanding of what the original English sentence meant. Finally, a human bilingual editor polishes the computer-produced translation.Kind of logical order: _Paragraph 2French an

61、d U.S. business managers have decidedly different management styles. French meetings, for example, are long and rambling 3 and rarely end on time. Furthermore, meetings often end without closure. 4 Managers in the United States, on the other hand, make an effort to start and stop a meeting on time,a

62、nd North American business meetings typically end with decisions and action plans. Another difference involves documentation. North Americans adore documentation; they have a procedure manual for everything. The French, in contrast, think this is childish. French managers find it difficult to stick

63、to a schedule, but U.S. managers are intolerant of delays. In addition, the French prefer to work alone, whereas North Americans like to work in teams. Another major difference in management style is that in French companies, authoritycomes from the top; French managers do not share information with

64、 subordinates and make decisions with little participation by employees beneath them. In U.S. companies, however, top managers share information and frequently solicit 5 input from subordinates (How French Managers)Kind of logical order:_Paragraph 3It took more than 2,500 years to develop the calendar used in most Western countries today. In about 700 B.C.E.,7 the ancient Romans used a calendar that had 304 days divided into 10 months; March was the beginning of each year.There were