解读聚乙烯纤维复合材料的特性发展及运用

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1、 解读聚乙烯纤维复合材料的特性发展及运用高功用聚乙烯纤维作为新式有机纤维，其功用与复合资料的运用是科研人员研讨的热门之一。侧重探求高功用聚乙烯纤维的功用、外表改性以及复合资料的运用等难题。High-performance polyethylene fiber as a new type of organic fiber, its performance and application of composite materials is one of the hot topics in the study of scientific research personnel. Mainly to e

2、xplore the performance of high-performance polyethylene fiber, surface modification and application of composite materials, etc. 近几年，纤维的高功用、高功用和高理性一直是研讨者对新式化纤资料研讨的要点，高功用聚乙烯纤维是继碳纤维、芳纶之后具有极其重要战略意义的新式纤维资料，因其共同的功用，该纤维及其增强复合资料已被广泛运用于多个范畴，倍受研讨人员与出产公司的喜爱。In recent years, fiber of high performance, high fun

3、ction and high perceptual researchers has been the focus of the research of new type fiber materials, high performance PE fiber is after carbon fiber, aramid fiber, has the extremely important strategic significance of the new fiber material, because of its unique properties, the fiber and its compo

4、sites have been widely used in many fields, destinations for researchers and manufacturers. 1 高功用聚乙烯纤维的布局及特色1, structure and characteristics of high-performance polyethylene fiber 高功用聚乙烯纤维的高强高模特性来源于本身的超高相对分子质量、沿轴向高度取向和晶体布局。聚乙烯具有亚甲基相连的大分子链的化学布局，在超倍牵伸时，构成伸直链超分子布局，高功用聚乙烯纤维的优胜功用完全是因为它的这种超分子布局决议的。High-pe

5、rformance polyethylene fiber with high strength and high property from its height of ultrahigh relative molecular mass, along the axial orientation and the crystal structure. Polyethylene with methylene is connected to the chemical structure of macromolecular chain, in times when drafting form strai

6、ght-chain supramolecular structure, better performance of high-performance polyethylene fiber completely because it is the super molecular structure. 高功用聚乙烯纤维的一个杰出长处是密度低，为0.97g/cm3，使得其质量轻的一起，可以到达较大的比拉伸强度和拉伸模量；因为聚乙烯不含易与触摸物质发作反响的羟基、芳香环等基团，使得其具有高耐酸碱腐蚀性；一起，高功用聚乙烯纤维熔点比一般聚乙烯低，沸水缩短率也较低。别的，即便在很低的温度下，该纤维仍可以坚

7、持柔软。A prominent advantage of high-performance polyethylene fiber is low density, 0.97 g/cm3, makes the quality of light at the same time, can be larger than the tensile strength and tensile modulus; Due to polyethylene contains no easy to react with contact material of hydroxyl, aromatic ring, etc.,

8、 make it has high resistance to acid and alkali corrosion resistance; At the same time, the high performance polyethylene fibers melting point is lower than ordinary polyethylene, boiling water shrinkage rate is low. In addition, even at very low temperatures, the fiber can remain soft. 2 高功用聚乙烯纤维的缺

9、陷及改进现状2 faults and improve the status quo of high-performance polyethylene fiber 高功用聚乙烯纤维有其不可避免的缺乏，如熔点低蠕变高，在制作复合资料的过程中具有较高的纤维外表慵懒和较差的浸润性。这些特色直接影响了高功用聚乙烯纤维在复合资料中的运用规模，环绕高功用聚乙烯纤维制作与改性的研讨也在近些年取得了阶段性作用。High performance polyethylene fibers have its inevitable shortcomings, such as low creep and high melt

10、ing point, in the process of manufacturing composites with high fiber surface inert and less invasive. These characteristics directly affect the application range of high-performance polyethylene fiber in composite materials, the surrounding of high-performance polyethylene fiber manufacturing and m

11、odification research in recent years has made staggered results. 1）改进低熔点和高蠕变。研讨证明进行放射处置，使超高强聚乙烯纤维发作分子间交联，或进步其分子量或共聚（如运用有机过氧化物等化学物质）改性，均可使纤维蠕变得到改进，熔点得以进步。1) the improvement of low melting point and high creep. Studies prove for radiation processing, make the ultra strong intermolecular crosslinking p

12、olyethylene fiber, or to improve its molecular weight or copolymerization (such as the use of chemical substances such as organic peroxide) modification, all can improve fiber creep, melting point to improve. 2）改进纤维与基体的粘结性。高功用聚乙烯纤维的化学慵懒和低外表能，决议了其与基体的粘合性很低，研讨标明可以经过以下办法对其加以改进： 运用化学试剂进行处置。如用二甲苯、铬酸、高锰酸钾

13、等强氧化性剂对高功用聚乙烯纤维外表进行氧化处置，发作含氧活性基团，与基体构成化学键，使其外表凸凹不平，加大其粗糙程度，进步其粘接功用； 运用辐射引发外表接枝处置。用丙烯类单体，如丙烯酸、丙烯酸甲酯、甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯等，接枝在高功用聚乙烯纤维链上，进步纤维与树脂基体的粘接功用； 选用电晕放电处置及等离子处置。它是使用等离子体发作设备发作等离子流使用它冲击纤维外表到达很高外表活性的意图其总的作用是在纤维外表发作微凹痕添加纤维外表积经过处置，使其外表构成极性基团，然后进步其与树脂基体的粘接功用； 当前高功用聚乙烯纤维复合资料常用的树脂体。因为上述3种方都会危害纤维的归纳功用为价值的，而且拉伸强度

14、和模量降低尤为显着，所以寻觅或合成树脂基体来进步粘接性则是较好的方法。经过很多研讨，当前契合聚乙烯纤维复合资料用树脂基体条件的有聚氨酯类、橡胶类、乙烯酯类树脂体。2) improve the caking property of fiber and matrix. Chemical inertness of high-performance polyethylene fiber and low surface energy, determines its adhesiveness with substrate is very low, research shows that can be im

15、proved through the following methods to: (1) the use of chemical reagents processing. Such as xylene, chromic acid, potassium permanganate and other strong oxidizing agent of high-performance polyethylene fiber surface oxidation treatment, to produce reactive oxygen, and the matrix form chemical bon

16、ds, make its surface becomes uneven, increase the roughness, and increase its bonding performance; (2) the use of radiation caused by surface grafting treatment. With acrylic monomers such as acrylic acid and methyl acrylic, methyl acrylic glycidyl ester, such as grafted on the chain of high-perform

17、ance polyethylene fiber, improve the bonding performance of fiber and resin matrix; (3) using corona discharge treatment and plasma treatment. It is the use of plasma generator produce plasma jet using its impact high surface activity of the fiber surface to achieve the overall effect is to increase

18、 fiber in fiber surface micro grooves surface area by processing, make its surface form a polar group, thus improve its adhesion to the resin properties; (4) the current high-performance polyethylene fiber composite materials commonly used resin body. Due to the above three parties can damage the fi

19、ber integrated for a price, and the tensile strength and modulus decline is particularly obvious, so looking for or synthetic resin matrix to improve the adhesion is a better way. After much research, at present if it meets the requirements of polyethylene fibre composite material with resin matrix

20、with polyurethane, rubber, vinyl ester resin. 3 高功用聚乙烯纤维复合资料类型Three types of high-performance polyethylene fiber composites 高功用聚乙烯纤维复合资料主要有以下几类：High performance polyethylene fibre composite material basically has the following categories: 1）自增强类。是以高密度聚乙烯或低密度聚乙烯为基体资料，以高功用聚乙烯纤维为增强体的纤维增强复合资料。挑选同一类型的聚乙烯

21、树脂作为基体资料可以改进UHMPE的界面粘结性差的缺陷，而且有利于收回再使用的现代环保需求。1) since the enhancement classes. Based on high density polyethylene and low density polyethylene as base material, with high-performance polyethylene fiber to enhance the body of the fiber reinforced composite materials. Select the same type of polyethy

22、lene resin as matrix materials can improve the interface bonding of UHMPE bad shortcomings, and is conducive to recycling of the modern environmental requirements. 2）填充型复合资料。这种契合资料是在以往资料的基础上，为完善其归纳功用而进行适当地资料填充（填充料有水合氧化铝、水不溶性硅酸盐、碳酸钙、碱式碳酸铝钠、羟基硅灰石、碳酸钙、硅藻土和高岭土等）。这种复合资料经过反作用力于载荷和阻碍裂缝扩大而进步复合资料的延伸性，而且有利于降低

23、成本。2) filled composite materials. This conforms to the material is on the basis of the previous material, to improve the comprehensive performance and proper material filling (filling material are hydrated alumina, water insoluble sodium aluminum silicate, calcium carbonate, alkali carbonate, hydroxyl wollastonite, calcium carbonate and kaolin, diatomite, etc.). This kind of composites by reaction in the load and prevent crack propagation and improve the extensibility of the composite material, and is helpful to reduce the cost. 3