别再对富人穷追猛打

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1、Translation (1) Outline September 2012 July 2013 笔译（1）讲座提纲 by Shang YuanyuanOutline 4Collocation and Translation【练习二参考译文】别再对富人穷追猛打与其抑强劫富，不如扶弱济贫 美国人热爱平等，也同样热衷追逐金钱。法国历史学家亚历西斯德托克维尔曾著书悉数此现象。他在十九世纪四十年代写到“美国人所做诸事均源自对财富的热爱”。西方民众对自己国家出现的富裕阶层既心存芥蒂，又时常阿谀奉承，在这方面，美国人的表现尤为突出。由于美国的致富之路似乎条条通畅，所以美国民众对富人的态度通常是敬仰多于怨恨

2、，羡慕多于敌视。但当财富不再易得时，美国人则表现出另一番心态。 美国社会的历史既充满作家霍瑞修爱尔杰1笔下白手起家的致富传奇，也交织着对富人的抵制和抗争浪潮。去年秋季的这个月，随着大批抗议者发起一系列占领华尔街的游行示威活动，这股抗争的浪潮在曼哈顿下城祖科蒂公园演绎到巅峰。在去年游行示威活动的筹备会议上，美国人类学家、前哈佛大学教授大卫格雷伯替参与者构思了一个巧妙的宣传口号：“我们属于99%如何？”。格雷伯回忆当时曾问过其他的活动策划者：“如果只有1%的人口坐享近十年来所有的经济增长利益，掌控财富，主导政治，那么我们不就都是局外人吗？”在选情日趋白热化的总统大选之年，这一数字颇易引起政治上的共

3、鸣。格雷伯所指的99%的人口不单单指穷人、失业者或者是从事繁重体力劳动的工人，还包括蓝领、白领和粉领在内的中产阶级，甚至还有中上层阶级。然而，正是这99%的大众创造了二战后美国强大的经济实力，也是任何翘企美国总统宝位人士无不竭力争取的选民对象。一时间，1%比99%的说法在记者、政客和选民中迅速流传开来。最近一段时间在华盛顿，不论是总统选举进程，还是涉及施政政策的激辩讨论，无不围绕着这一比例悬殊的数字做文章。遗憾的是，这个数字比例并不准确，容易造成误解，而且存在夸大其词、以偏概全及过分悲观之嫌，未能反映出美国民众取得成功的真正含义。就政治的角度而言，民众持有的态度的确不容轻视。譬如，有报道指公司

4、总裁的收入是普通工人的231倍，华尔街投行的丰厚奖金与业绩表现并不挂钩，还有公司老板搭乘自己的私人飞机前往华盛顿祈求政府出手救市。种种类似的新闻报道令民众心存疑虑，担心政府的制度偏颇袒护权贵阶层。然而，如果将这1%的人都列为贪婪自私避税逃税的寡头资本家，则是一种错误的看法，因为这些人实际上可能与人们所想象的大相径庭。注释1Horatio Alger：霍瑞修爱尔杰（1832年1899年）。美国作家，以少年小说而闻名。Collocation and TranslationDefinition of collocationCollocation: l two or three word cluste

5、rs which occur with a more than chance regularity throughout spoken and written Englishl the co-occurrence relationships between words. l a word by the company it keepsTypes of meaning of a word (Cruse 1986)l Verb + noun: throw a party / accept responsibility l Adjective + noun: square meal / grim d

6、etermination l Verb+adjective+noun: take vigorous exercise / make steady progress l Adverb + verb: strongly suggest / barely see l Adverb + adjective: utterly amazed / completely useless l Adverb+adjective + noun: totally unacceptable behaviour l Adjective+preposition: guilty of / blamed for / happy

7、 about l Noun + noun: * pay packet / window frame l also known as compound nounsCollocation: examplesWear穿、戴？l He was probably also wearing a gun.l He was wearing a toothpick in his mouth at the wheel.l This was a little old man, fat and bald, who at first had tried his hardest to wear a severe expr

8、ession.l She does not wear her usual lipstick but wears some perfume today.l She wears a permanent smile.l She wears the slimness of her mother.l She really wears her years well.l Nor is he a fellow who wears his faith on his sleeve.l She wore a white dress, an orchid corsage, and a rather lovely, a

9、wkward smile.l Wearing a string of pearls and earnest expression, she made her television debut Saturday.l 也许他今天也（佩）带着枪。l 他叼着牙签，站在舵轮旁。l 这是一个肥胖秃顶的小老头，一开始还尽量装出一副严厉的样子。l 今天她没有像平常那样涂口红，而是喷了点香水。l 她脸上始终带着微笑。/ 她始终面带微笑。l 她和她妈妈一样苗条。l 她保养得非常好（一点也不显老）。l 他也不是一个感情外露（让人一眼就看得透）的人。l 她身穿白色连衣裙，胸前佩戴一朵淡紫色的胡姬花，脸上露出一丝可爱羞

10、涩的笑容。l 莫妮卡莱温斯基于星期六首次亮相电视节目。她脖子上戴着一串珍珠项链，表情认真严肃。In-class Exercise: collocation （1）He said you took his pen. Now, whats your story?Would you be patient and tell me the whole story?All eyewitnesses told the same story.Obviously he is making up stories again.What are you basing it on? You pull stories o

11、ut of the thin air.As a primary school teacher, I have heard all kinds of stories about missed homework.Ill be more than happy if the story holds true.The story about him became smaller and by and by faded out from the television.If the story got abroad, I would never hear the end of it.There is a d

12、eeper story behind Hillarys senatorial ambitions and the strong public reaction they arouse.他说你拿了他的钢笔，你倒说说看是怎么回事。 请你耐心把话 / 事情的前因后果说完 。所有目击者的说法都 一样.。 显然他又在编（谎话/借口）了。 你有什么根据？纯粹是无中生有 / 凭空捏造 /空穴来风。 作为一名小学教师，我听到过学生们不交作业编的各种各样/五花八门/形形式式的借口 要是这个说法当真，那该多好啊！ 电视上有关他的报道/消息越来越少，最后根本就不播了。 要是这种谣传传到国外去，那局面就不可收拾了。

13、希拉里雄心勃勃竞选州长，引起公众的极大反响，其背后还有更深层的原因。 【佳译赏析】It was the best of times, it was the worst of times, it was the age of wisdom, it was the age of foolishness, it was the epoch of belief, it was the epoch of incredulity, it was the season of Light, it was the season of Darkness, it was the spring of hope, it

14、 was the winter of despair, we had everything before us, we had nothing before us, we were all going direct to Heaven, we were all going direct the other way-in short, the period was so far like the present period, that some of its noisiest authorities insisted on its being received, for good or for

15、 evil, in the superlative degree of comparison only. Charles Dickens “A Tale of Two Cities”那是最昌明的时世，那是最衰微的时世;那是睿智开化的岁月，那是混沌蒙昧的岁月；那是信仰笃诚的年代，那是疑云重重的年代；那是阳光灿烂的季节，那是长夜晦暗的季节；那是欣欣向荣的春天，那是死气沉沉的冬天；我们眼前无所不有，我们眼前一无所有；我们都径直奔向天堂，我们都径直奔向另一条路简而言之，那个时代同现今这个时代竟然如此惟妙惟肖，就连它那叫嚷得最凶的权威人士当中，有些也坚持认为，不管它是好是坏，都只能用“最”字来表示它的程

16、度。译者：张扬，张玲/出版社：上海译文出版社In-class Exercise: collocation（2）She gave a big smile and a friendly wave. The new president took his oath and seat.She lost all her money and vanity.She opened the door and her heart to the homeless boy.He possessed two false teeth and a sympathetic heart.A candidate is one wh

17、o shakes your hand before election and your acquaintance afterwards.Aspirin, like Coca Cola and Levis, is one of only a handful of brands to have transcended cultures, borders and generations to enjoy almost universal recognition.In fact I was to organize my fathers tools, my mothers kitchen utensil

18、s, and my sisters boyfriends.When I and my sorrows are dustHis weariness and the increasing heat determined him to sit down in the first convenient shade.In-class Exercise: collocation（3）J.K. Rowlings book for adults Readers are conservative creatures. They do not really like authors to change genre

19、s, and the more successful the writer the less they like it. Roald Dahls adult fiction is ignored and Oscar Wildes childrens stories are all but unknown, although they are wonderful. By such a measure, J.K. Rowling, whose Harry Potter childrens series has sold more than 450m copies in 73 languages,

20、should find it easier to beat Usain Bolt at the 100 metres than to make it writing fiction for grown-ups. But that has not put her off. Her first adult novel, “The Casual Vacancy”, is the story of eight families from two English villages that physically lap each other, but are divided in every other

21、 wayby social class, education, money, aspiration and shoe fashions.*Roald Dahl（罗尔德达尔） Oscar Wilde （奥斯卡王尔德）Usain Bolt （尤塞恩博尔特）Assignment Four:Translate the following passage into Chinese. Traditional Media the PressThe development of the press in Britain during the nineteenth century occurred at a t

22、ime of political and social unrest. The government exerted its control over the emerging newspaper industry through strict laws on libel and sedition, which prevented political agitation: at the same time, a stamp tax was imposed to ensure that newspapers were only affordable by the well-off. The st

23、amp tax had unintended consequences, as illegal and inexpensive pamphlets emerged, spreading radical views amongst the newly industrial working class. The biggest of these pamphlets, such as William Cobbetts Weekly Political Register, outsold the official, “stamped” press many times over.The stamp t

24、ax condemned by its opponents as a “tax on knowledge” was finally repealed in 1855 after a series of reductions, leading many writers to hail a golden era of British journalism marked by a “transition from official to popular control”. An alternative view was put forward by James Curran and Jean Sea

25、ton challenged this view in their historical account of the British press, Power Without Responsibility (2003). They saw the repeal of the stamp tax as an attempt to break the popularity of the radical press and to boost the sales of more “respectable” newspapers. For Curran and Seaton the repeal of

26、 the stamp tax did not introduce a new era of press freedom, but a time of repression and ideological control, this time by market forces rather than government.The newspaper was a fundamentally important development in history of modern media, because it packaged many different types of information

27、 in a limited and easily reproducible format. Newspapers contained in a single package information on current affairs, entertainment and consumer goods. The cheap daily press was pioneered in the United States. The one-cent daily paper was originally established in New York and then copied in other

28、major eastern US cities. By the early 1900s there were city or regional newspapers covering most of the American states; in contrast to the smaller countries of Europe, national newspapers did not develop. The invention of cheap newsprint was the key to the mass diffusion of newspapers from the late

29、 nineteenth century onwards. By the early twentieth century new types of national newspaper had emerged in the UK, such as the Daily Mail, Daily Express, Mirror and the News of the World, selling a mixture of news, entertainment and patriotism to a largely working-class readership. The Times and Dai

30、ly Telegraph provided more serious news analysis for wealthier readers. Ownership of much of the news media by this stage was concentrated amongst a handful of rich entrepreneurs. By the 1930s Lords Beaverbrook, Camrose, Kemsley and Rothermere owned 50 per cent of British national and local daily papers and 30 per cent of the Sunday papers. Critics have argued that the “press barons”, as they became known, used their ownership of national newspapers to promote their own political causes and ambitions. 5