Unit 3 Computer

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1、Unit 3 ComputerPart One: Teaching Design (第一部分：教学设计)Period 1: A sample lesson plan for reading(WHO AM I?)AimsTo talk about computerTo read about computerProceduresI. Warming upWarming up by talking about computerLook at the pictures on page 17. What are they? What do they have in common? Yes, they a

2、re computers. Then what is a computer?A computer is a machine which stores knowledge in its memory and does calculations on that knowledge. This knowledge is stored in symbols; it is called data. A computer usually has a monitor to show results. However, some computers can speak; these computers can

3、 be used for voice mail.计算机室A computer frequently requires a boot device. The boot device contains the computers operating system and data. Computer programs can be installed onto a computer. Some people think that computers are less useful if they do not have access to the Internet. They think this

4、 because the Internet allows the computers to send and receive data and email across the world.曙光3000巨型计算机A computer is now almost always an electronic device. It usually contains materials which are toxic; these materials will become toxic waste when disposed of. When a new computer is purchased in

5、 some places, laws require that the cost of its waste management must also be paid for. This is called product stewardship.In some countries old computers are recycled (melted down) to get gold and other metals. This is dangerous, because this procedure releases the toxic waste into the water and so

6、il.Computers become obsolete quickly. Very often they are given away and new ones replace them within two or three years. This makes the problem worse. Computer recycling is thus common. Many projects try to send working computers to developing nations so they can be re-used and will not become wast

7、e as quickly.Computer jargon 计算机行话Computer jargon means words to do with computers and surrounding topics. Knowing what these words mean can help you know more about computers. Some people use these words to impress other people (Also known as buzzwords).Examples of jargon:Bit - The smallest data un

8、it, can either be a “0.” or a “1.”.Byte - unit of data. See also Kilobyte, Megabyte, Gigabyte and NibbleCPU Central Processing Unit, Another name for processorData - Information stored on a computerDisk - A place to store data.Email - Electronic mail.GHz - Gigahertz. Used often incorrectly to descri

9、be the speed of a processor. But with some 2.4 GHz processors faster than 3.6 GHz ones, it is clear that it is just a salesman trick.Load - Get data from a diskNibble - Half a ByteSave - Put data on a diskRAM random-access memory(随机存取存储器), the more the better.USB - Universal Serial Bus（通用串行总线，一种简化了插

10、接多种附件的薄型插座）WWW - World Wide Web, part of the InternetII. Pre-reading1. Questioning and answeringWhat do you know about computer?Electronic machine capable of performing calculations and other manipulations of various types of data, under the control of a stored set of instructions. The machine itsel

11、f is the hardware; the instructions are the program or software. Depending upon size, computers are called mainframes, minicomputers, and microcomputers. Microcomputers include desk-top and portable personal computers.A multi-function electronic device that can execute instructions to perform a task

12、.A device that accepts information, processes it, and supplies an output. A computer usually contains memory, a control unit, arithmetic and logical units, and a means for input and output.a programmable hardware component that is controlled by internally stored programs and that can perform substan

13、tial computations (including arithmetic and logic operations) without human intervention. A computer typically consists of one or more processing units, memory units, and associated peripheral input and output devices.Related to automation and electronic data processing. The Library of Congress comm

14、only classes most computer-related books in HF5548, QA75-76, Z52, T385, and some TK ranges.a machine for performing calculations automaticallycalculator: an expert at calculation (or at operating calculating machines)A computer is a device or machine for making calculations or controlling operations

15、 that are expressible in numerical or logical terms. Computers are constructed from components that perform simple well-defined functions. The complex interactions of these components endow computers with the ability to process information. If correctly configured (usually by, programming) a compute

16、r can be made to represent some aspect of a problem or part of a system. If a computer configured in this way is give2. Discussing and sharingHow have computers changed our lives?Someday soon, if you havent already, youre likely to plug into the computer network nation growing in our midst. Computer

17、 terminals, or small computers connected via modem (a modulator/demodulator circuit for encoding/decoding computer chatter) to ordinary telephone lines, should be as ubiquitous as the telephone itself. Theyre a much more useful and humane tool than the phone, and with corporateAmericabehind them the

18、 networks will be everywhere-changing our lives more than any technology since the automobile.Joining a computer network is the same as joining a community. Small systems are like villages, where new members are formally welcomed. The larger networks, the Source and CompuServe, for example, are citi

19、es-anonymous, full of life and events, but difficult to fit into.III. Reading1. Listening and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I?Turn to page 18 and listen and read to the recording of the text. Pay attention to the pauses, pronunciation and intonation of the native reader.2. Reading alou

20、d and underlining expressionsNow we are to read the text once again and underline all the expressions in the text. Put them down into your notebook after class as homework.Collocations from WHO AM I?begin as, a calculating machine, be built as, follow instructions from, sound simple, at the time, a

21、technological revolution, write a book, makework, solve problems, become huge, had artificial intelligence, go back to, the size of, go by, change size, become small and thin, get quick, stand there by oneself, be connected by, share information by, talk to, bringinto, deal with, communicate with, s

22、erve the human race3.Reading, identifying and settlingAttention, please! It is time to skim the text one more time and identify the difficult sentences. Try analyzing the structures of the difficult sentences and discuss them among your group members. You may also put your questions to me for help.C

23、hat （online）（在线）聊天To chat is to talk about ordinary things that are not very important. You can chat to one person or to many people. People also use this word now for parts of the Internet where we can talk with many different people at the same time. Usually, you chat on the internet in a chat roo

24、m or messaging service like AOL(American On-Line) Instant Messenger (AIM), Yahoo Messenger, or MSN Messenger.4.Readingand transferringScan the text for information to complete the table below, describing the development of computer.In 1642In 1822In 1936In 1960sIn 1970sIV. Closing down by doing compr

25、ehending exercisesTurn to page 18 and in pairs do the comprehending exercises No. 1 and 2.Period 2: A sample lesson plan for Learning about Language(The Present Perfect Passive Voice)AimsTo learn to useThe Present Perfect Passive VoiceTo discover useful words and expressionTo discover useful structu

26、resProceduresI. Warming up by reading to the tapeTo begin with, turn to page 18, listening to and reading to the recording of the text WHO AM I? Attention goes to the pauses and intonation, as well as the pronunciation of the reader.II. Discovering useful words and expressionsIn pairs do the exercis

27、es 1, 2 and 3 on pages 19 and 20. You must finish them in 10 minutes.III. Learning about grammar1. Passive VoiceOverviewTense or ModelPassive SentenceSimple PresentThe TOEFL exam is given every six months.Simple pastThe TOEFL exam was given last month.Simple FutureThe TOEFL exam this year will be gi

28、ven on October15.Present ContinuousThe TOEFL exam is being given every year.Present perfectThe TOEFL exam has been given every year since 1950.Past perfectThe TOEFL exam had been given before the Vietnam War occurred.Simple ModalThe TOEFL exam should be given to every Foreign student.Past ModalThe T

29、OEFL exam should have been given to all to enter US colleges.2. The Present Perfect Passive VoiceThe structure of The Present Perfect Passive Voice is: have/ has beenedIV. Reading aloud and discoveringNow go back to page 18 to read aloud and discover in the text examples of The Present Perfect Passi

30、ve Voice.As the years have gone by, I have been made smaller and smaller.Since then, my family and I have been used by billions of people to deal with information with each other around the world by the Internet.V. Discovering useful structureWe shall do grammar exercises 1, 2 and 3 on page 20.VI. C

31、losing down by doing a quizCorrect the mistakes in these passive voice sentencesExample: The house was build in 1880. (correct = The house was built in 1880.)1. 3000 employees were laying off.2. A story will made up.3. An idea was putted forward for discussion.4. Has the book been give back to you y

32、et?5. My bank loan will be payed off in five years time.6. Nothing can be hold against me.7. Our allies will be lend support.8. She has never heard of.9. She was being knocked down by a bus.10. She was letted off with a fine.11. The candle was blow out by the draught.12. The criminal were locked up.

33、13. The flood water was be kept back by barriers.14. The inconvenience will made up for by this money.15. The keys must have been being left behind.16. The old cinema is being pull down.17. The protesters being held back by the police.18. The road was blocking off.19. Thirty more people were laid of

34、f last week.20. Your jacket can be hanged up over there.Period 3: A sample lesson plan for Using Language(ANDY THE ANDROID)AimsTo discuss about ITTo write a report about ITTo read about androids or robotsProceduresI. Warming up by talking about ITWhat is Information technology?Information technology

35、 (IT) or information and communication technology (ICT) is the technology required for information processing. In particular the use of electronic computers and computer software to convert, store, protect, process, transmit, and retrieve information from anywhere, anytime.II. Listening and writingT

36、urn to page 21. Look at the pictures and listen to a conversation about different kinds of information technology or IT, discuss and write down in groups the advantages and disadvantages of each kind.III. Speaking and writingSuppose you and your partner are going to help choose computers for your sc

37、hool. Now talk about the special things each of the computer can do and write a report to your headmaster.IV. Reading, underlining and speakingIt is said that computers could be put into androids or robots. Read the text AndyThe Android, underlining all the expressions and think of the fun you could

38、 have!Expressions from AndyThe Androidpart of a football team, once a year, get together, play a football game, be asas, in fat, look like, on the football team, run fast, think like a human, shout to, in computer language, have a good shot for a goal, get second place, win the first place, have a n

39、ew kind of program, improve ones intelligence, create a better system, play against a human team, in a way, programwith, make up, after all, with the help ofV. Writing a letterSuppose you are an android. What would say to a spoiled child who would not do his homework? Write a letter to the boy.Andro

40、idAn android is an artificially created being that resembles a human being. The word derives from Greek Andr- man, human and the suffix -eides used to mean of the species, kind, alike (from eidos species).The word droid, a robot in the Star Wars universe, is derived from this meaning. Some people ma

41、intain that, etymologically, the word android means resembling a male human and that a robot resembling a woman should logically be called a gynoid for sexist language to be avoided; however, this word is not commonly used.Unlike the terms robot (a mechanical being) and cyborg (a being that is partl

42、y organic and partly mechanical), the word android has been used in literature and other media to denote several different kinds of man-made, autonomous creations:a robot that closely resembles a humana cyborg that closely resembles a humanan artificially created, yet primarily organic, being that c

43、losely resembles a humanAlthough essentially human morphology is not the ideal form for working robots, the fascination in developing robots that can mimic it can be found historically in the assimilation of two concepts: simulacra (devices that exhibit likeness) and automata (devices that have inde

44、pendence).The term android was first used by the French author Mathias Villiers de lIsle-Adam (1838-1889) in his work Tomorrows Eve, featuring a man-made human-like robot named Hadaly. As said by the officer in the story, “In this age of Realien advancement, who knows what goes on in the mind of tho

45、se responsible for these mechanical dolls.”找教案Part Tw Teaching Resources (第二部分：教学资源)Section 1: A text structure analysis of WHO AM I?I. Type of writing and summary of WHO AM I?Type of writingThis is a piece of narrative writing.Main idea of the passageBeginning as just a calculating machine in1642 i

46、nFrance, the computer has been experiencing improvement again and over again over 300years or more, which has not only made it more beautiful and intelligent but also changed mans life a great deal!Topic sentence of 1st paragraphI began as a calculating machine in1642 inFrance.Topic sentence of 2nd

47、paragraphNo one could recognize me after I got my new transistors in the 1960s.II. A chain of events showing the development of computera calculating machine in1642 inFrance an Analytical Machine in 1822 a “universal machine.” in 1936 the size of a large room made smaller and smaller getting new tra

48、nsistors in 1960s clever and quicker a network in the early 1960s talking to humans using BASIC in the early 1960s brought into peoples homes in 1970s InternetIII. A retold version of the text WHO AM I?I, the computer, was a calculating machine in1642 inFrance. Then I was built as an Analytical Mach

49、ine in 1822, which was a technological revolution. I became a “universal machine” in 1936 to solve any mathematical problem. I was not very big at first then I became huge, the size of a large room before I was made smaller and smaller.Getting new transistors in 1960s I became clever and quicker. I

50、was connected with other computers and turned out to part of a network in the early 1960s. Then I began talking to humans using BASIC in the early 1960s. In 1970s I was brought into peoples homes, and came the Internet.Section 2: Background information computersI. How Do Computers Work?Computer Basi

51、csTo accomplish a task using a computer, you need a combination of hardware, software, and input.Hardware consists of devices, like the computer itself, the monitor, keyboard, printer, mouse and speakers. Inside your computer there are more bits of hardware, including the motherboard, where you woul

52、d find the main processing chips that make up the central processing unit (CPU). The hardware processes the commands it receives from the software, and performs tasks or calculations.Software is the name given to the programs that you install on the computer to perform certain types of activities. T

53、here is operating system software, such as the Apple OS for a Macintosh, or Windows 95 or Windows 98 for a PC. There is also application software, like the games we play or the tools we use to compose letters or do math problems.You provide the input. When you type a command or click on an icon, you

54、 are telling the computer what to do. That is called input.How They Work TogetherFirst, you provide input when you turn on the computer. Then the system software tells the CPU to start up certain programs and to turn on some hardware devices so that they are ready for more input from you. This whole

55、 process is called booting up.The next step happens when you choose a program you want to use. You click on the icon or enter a command to start the program. Lets use the example of an Internet browser. Once the program has started, it is ready for your instructions. You either enter an address (cal

56、led a URL, which stands for Uniform Resource Locator), or click on an address youve saved already. In either case, the computer now knows what you want it to do. The browser software then goes out to find that address, starting up other hardware devices, such as a modem, when it needs them. If it is

57、 able to find the correct address, the browser will then tell your computer to send the information from the web page over the phone wire or cable to your computer. Eventually, you see the web site you were looking for.If you decide you want to print the page, you click on the printer icon. Again, y

58、ou have provided input to tell the computer what to do. The browser software determines whether you have a printer attached to your computer, and whether it is turned on. It may remind you to turn on the printer, then send the information about the web page from your computer over the cable to the p

59、rinter, where it is printed out.II. TelevisionOld portable televisionA television (also TV or telly) is a device (tool) with a screen that receives broadcast signals and turns them into pictures and sound. The word “television” comes from the words tele (Greek for far away) and vision (seeing).Usual

60、ly a TV looks like a box. Older TVs had large wooden frames and sat on the floor like furniture. Newer TVs became smaller so they could fit on shelves, or even portable so you could take it with you wherever you went. The smallest TVs can fit in your hand. The largest TVs can take up a whole wall in

61、 your house, and may sit on the floor, or be just a large flat screen that can be mounted on the wall. Many TVs are now made in wide screen shape like movie theatre screens, rather than old, more square TVs.A television has an antenna (or aerial), or it has a cable. This gets the signal from the air

62、, or cable provider. TVs can also show movies from DVD players or VCRs. TVs can be connected to computers and game consoles, usually through a kind of socket called “SCART”.III. Web or World Wide WebThe World Wide Web is the part of the Internet that contains web sites and web pages. It is not used

63、to describe WebPages that are used offline where net services are not available, or no computer network exists - such as Wikipedia on CD. In this case no real physical site exists other than the place where the computer is. Blog and Wiki capabilities will also not be available because these require

64、a communication with other computers. IV. RadioRadio is a communications invention. Though originally used to communicate between two people, it is now used to listen to music, news, and people talking. Radio shows were the predecessor to TV programs. V. DVDDVD most commonly stands for “digital versatile disk”. It can play video that is of a higher quality than a VHS tape. VI. Two kinds of DVDThey can also hold 4.7 GB of information as opposed to the 700 MB that a CD can hold. A plus of using