romantic poetry1

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1、 Romantic Poetry （1）(1798-1832)The Lyrical Ballads collaborated by Wordsworth and ColeridgeThe death of Walter ScottI. Historical BackgroundPolitically the most important event is the French Revolution (1789), which at first gave British people great hope for a better future with rights and independ

2、ence for all men but later brought them despair and nightmare. “Declaration of Rights of Man” (1791-2), Thomas Paine“Inquiry concerning Political Justice”(1793), William Godwin“A Vindication of the Rights of Woman” (1792), Mary Wollstonecraft Ideologically the principle of Ration was giving way to a

3、n individualized, free, liberal, imaginative attitude towards life; a tendency to turn or escape from the tumultuous and confusing Here and Now Economically the great Industrial Revolution: l continued fast changes both in the country and in the cities; l many farmhands driven out of land into the c

4、ity;l women and children employed as cheap labor; l new machines set up, rendering many out of work; l growing disparity between the rich and the poor;l expansion abroad continued: (America), Australia, Canada, New Zealand, India, the West Indies and other nations II. Literature Prosel familiar essa

5、ys of journals and newspapers(Charles Lamb, Lee Hunt, de Quincey)l literary criticism/reviews as authority (Charles Lamb, Lee Hunt, de Quincey)l novelists: Jane Austen, the realist Walter Scott, the 1st historical novelist/romantic poetPoetry the Age of (Romantic) Poetry; the voice of the age develo

6、ped from sentimental and gothic literature1. differences between 18th-century and 19th-century;between Neoclassicism and Romanticism:l reason vs passionl reason vs imagination l commercial vs naturall industrial vs pastoral l present vs past l society vs individuall order and stability vs freedom l

7、decorative expression vs simple and spontaneous expression2. New Poetic Features A. language: simple, everyday life speech, common vocabulary and accent, dialect (Wordsworth, Blake);B. form: Lyrics-sonnet, ode Narrative-ballad (instead of mock epics, romance)C. subject: Nature the rural/pastoralthe

8、past/historicalthe alien/exotic, orientalthe supernatural/ mysterious (dreams or dream-like)the personalthe common/low classthe revolutionary/justicethe patrioticD. purpose: lyrical (emotional)confessional visionary/propheticE. principles/ideas: imagination“the spontaneous overflow of powerful feeli

9、ngs, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility” Preface by Wordsworth 3. Schools of Romantic Poets:A. Pre-romantic poetsRobert Burns: Scottish dialect, balladsWilliam Blake: mysterious, philosophical, visionary Songs of Innocence Songs of Experience Marriage of Heaven and HellB. Lakers/

10、Lake Poets (Wordsworth, Coleridge, Southey, 2 Poet Laureate)radical youth; conservative old age; long lifeWilliam Wordsworth: Nature, country, poor people, anti- industrialization Lyrical Ballads (Prelude) Nature & country poemsSamuel Coleridge: the mysterious/demonic, dreamy, oriental, visionary Th

11、e Rime of Ancient Mariner “Kubla Khan”C. Satanic school: rebellious, revolutionary, romantic, short lifeGeorge Gordon Byron: romantic, revolutionary, satiric, proud, angry, “Byronic Hero” Don Duan Childe Harolds Pilgrimage ManfredPercy Bysshe Shelley: revolutionary, prophetic, optimistic Prometheus

12、Unbound “Ode to the West Wind”John Keats: melancholy, a genius, propounding on truth and beauty “Ode to the Nightingale” “Ode on a Grecian Urn” “Ode to Psyche” “Ode to Melancholy” III. Text Study Wordsworths “I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud” ( p. 103)Theme: Through describing a scene of joyful daffodil

13、s recollected in memory, the poet hopes to put illustrate his theory of poetic inspiration -“spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings, which originates in emotion recollected in tranquility”Image: dancing daffodils “fluttering”, “dancing”, “tossing”, “dance”, “danced”, “dances” “sprightly”, “glee”,

14、 “gay”, “jocund”, “pleasure”Metrical pattern: a short lyric of 4 sestets (a quatrain-couplet) of iambic tetrameter lines rhyming ABABCC.Structure: 1st stanza occasion 2-3rd stanza happy sensation at the sight of the dancing flowers 4th stanza happy sensation experienced again at the memory of the sc

15、eneStanza summary:1. The speaker was wandering like a lonely cloud when he encountered a field of dancing daffodils beside a lake. 2. Stretching endlessly along the shore, the flowers danced happily. 3. The waves of the lake danced merrily, but the daffodils outdid them in glee, and the poet could o

16、nly be happy in such a joyful company. 4. Since then, the memory of the happy scene would often come back to refill him with pleasure. Questions for next week:“The World Is Too Much with Us” p.116-71. What is the theme, i.e. the meaning, of the first line?2. What romantic ideas does it advocate?3. W

17、hat type of sonnet form it is?4. What romantic spirit does it represent?5. Paraphrase the poem in your own words.“Ode on a Grecian Urn” p. 109-1101. What is the theme of the poem?2. What is the rhyme scheme?3. What romantic feature does the poem reflect?4. Summarize each stanza in one or two sentences.