高考古代文化常识优秀课件

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1、纪年纪时纪年纪时 姓名字号姓名字号 礼仪制度礼仪制度知识拓展知识拓展古代文化常识天文地理天文地理目录目录北斗七星北斗七星十二星座十二星座二十八星宿二十八星宿北北（玄武（玄武）西西（白虎（白虎）东东（青龙（青龙）南南（朱雀）（朱雀）东：青龙星宿图东：青龙星宿图角、亢、氐（角、亢、氐（d）、房、心、尾、箕）、房、心、尾、箕 北：玄武星宿图北：玄武星宿图斗、牛、女、虚、危、室、壁斗、牛、女、虚、危、室、壁 西：白虎星宿图西：白虎星宿图奎（奎（ku）、娄、胃、昴（）、娄、胃、昴（mo）、毕、觜（）、毕、觜（z）、参（）、参（shn）南：朱雀星宿图南：朱雀星宿图井、鬼、柳、星、张、翼、轸（井、鬼、柳、星

2、、张、翼、轸（zhn）你知道的你知道的 北斗星、牛郎星、织女星、天狼星我们知道的我们知道的 苏轼赤壁赋：“月出于东山之上，徘徊于斗牛之间。”写景之句，以景衬月 古诗十九首迢迢牵牛星：“迢迢牵牛星，皎皎河汉女。”牛郎织女离别相思 李商隐马嵬：“此日六军同驻马，当时七夕笑牵牛。”回忆美好时光九州九州五岳：五岳：东岳泰山（位于山东省泰安市）五岳五岳南岳衡山位于湖南省衡阳市 五岳五岳西岳华山位于陕西省华阴市 五岳五岳北岳恒山（北岳恒山（位于山西省浑源县位于山西省浑源县）五岳五岳中岳嵩山中岳嵩山（位于河南省登封市位于河南省登封市）所在地：湖南洞庭湖洞庭湖鄱阳湖鄱阳湖巢湖巢湖太湖太湖所在地：江苏所在地：江

3、西所在地：安徽五湖五湖洪泽湖洪泽湖八方：八方：四方和四维的合称。四方和四维的合称。四方：东、南、西、北四方：东、南、西、北四维：东南、西南、西北、东北四维：东南、西南、西北、东北八荒：八荒：八方荒远的地方。八方荒远的地方。（远离中原的地方。）（远离中原的地方。）阴阳：阴阳：阴：山北水南，阳光不易照到之处；阴：山北水南，阳光不易照到之处；阳：山南水北。阳：山南水北。江河：江河：古代古代“江江”专指长江，专指长江，“河河”专指黄河。专指黄河。关内、关外关内、关外:汉朝前，汉朝前，“关关”特指函谷关；特指函谷关；明清时以至现在称东北三省为明清时以至现在称东北三省为“关外关外”。山东、山西山东、山西:

4、“山山”特指崤山，后来有时指太行山。特指崤山，后来有时指太行山。河北、河南河北、河南:泛指中原之地，即黄河流域一带。泛指中原之地，即黄河流域一带。江南：江南：泛指长江以南。泛指长江以南。江左：江左：即长江以东。即长江以东。江表：江表：长江以外，指江南。长江以外，指江南。古今地名古今地名（1 1）河内：）河内：河东：河东：（2 2）山东：）山东：（3 3）河西：）河西：（4 4）关西：）关西：（5 5）江表：）江表：（6 6）淮左：）淮左：黄河以北。黄河以北。黄河以东。黄河以东。崤山以东。崤山以东。黄河以西。黄河以西。函谷关以西。函谷关以西。长江下游以南地区。长江下游以南地区。淮水东面。淮水东面

5、。3 3、（1 1）孔子说：）孔子说：“（周君）以道德教化来（周君）以道德教化来治理政事，就会像北极星那样，自己居于治理政事，就会像北极星那样，自己居于一定的方位，而群星都会环绕在它的周一定的方位，而群星都会环绕在它的周围。围。”北辰北辰：以德治国的统治者。以德治国的统治者。（2 2）逝者逝者：流逝的时光。：流逝的时光。3 3、（3 3）知者乐知者乐水水：智者是聪明人，善于思考，：智者是聪明人，善于思考，反应敏捷，像水一样灵动。反应敏捷，像水一样灵动。仁者乐仁者乐山山：仁者是仁慈宽厚的，安于义：仁者是仁慈宽厚的，安于义理，不易冲动，像山一样稳重。理，不易冲动，像山一样稳重。（4 4）日月之食日

6、月之食：日食，月食。犯了错误，：日食，月食。犯了错误，人们都能看到，知错能改，人们都会敬重人们都能看到，知错能改，人们都会敬重他。他。2 2、刘禹锡刘禹锡，字梦得：字梦得：“锡锡”同同“赐赐”，“禹锡禹锡”为为“大禹所赐大禹所赐”之意，之意，故字为故字为“梦得梦得”。李商隐李商隐，字义山：，字义山：商隐，即殷商隐者之意。商隐，即殷商隐者之意。商朝末年，武王伐纣，天下宗周，商朝末年，武王伐纣，天下宗周，伯夷，叔齐义不食周粟，伯夷，叔齐义不食周粟，隐于首阳山饿死，隐于首阳山饿死，李商隐字李商隐字“义山义山”与名呼应。与名呼应。中国中国100100大姓氏排名，看你的姓氏排名第几？大姓氏排名，看你的姓

7、氏排名第几？0101李李 0202王王 0303张张 0404刘刘 0505陈陈 0606杨杨 0707赵赵 0808黄黄 0909周周 1010吴吴1111徐徐 1212孙孙 1313胡胡 1414朱朱 1515高高 1616林林 1717何何 1818郭郭 1919马马 2020罗罗 2121梁梁 2222宋宋 2323郑郑 2424谢谢 2525韩韩 2626唐唐 2727冯冯 2828于于 2929董董 3030萧萧3131程程 3232曹曹 3333袁袁 3434邓邓 3535许许 3636傅傅 3737沈沈 3838曾曾 3939彭彭 4040吕吕4141苏苏 4242卢卢 434

8、3蒋蒋 4444蔡蔡 4545贾贾 4646丁丁 4747魏魏 4848薛薛 4949叶叶 5050阎阎5151余余 5252潘潘 5353杜杜 5454戴戴 5555夏夏 5656钟钟 5757汪汪 5858田田 5959任任 6060姜姜6161范范 6262方方 6363石石 6464姚姚 6565谭谭 6666廖廖 6767邹邹 6868熊熊 6969金金 7070陆陆7171郝郝 7272孔孔 7373白白 7474崔崔 7575康康 7676毛毛 7777邱邱 7878秦秦 7979江江 8080史史8181顾顾 8282侯侯 8383邵邵 8484孟孟 8585龙龙 8686万万

9、 8787段段 8888曹曹 8989钱钱 9090汤汤9191尹尹 9292黎黎 9393易易 9494常常 9595武武 9696乔乔 9797贺贺 9898赖赖 9999龚龚 100100文文 官官 名名 古代职官情况异常复杂，而且各朝都古代职官情况异常复杂，而且各朝都有变化，可以中央、地方两方面大致掌有变化，可以中央、地方两方面大致掌握。握。中央官职：中央官职：皇帝下有丞相或称宰相皇帝下有丞相或称宰相佐理国政，统领百官。中央一般设六部佐理国政，统领百官。中央一般设六部分管政务，即吏部，户部，礼部、兵部、分管政务，即吏部，户部，礼部、兵部、弄部、工部，部长官称尚书，副职为侍弄部、工部，部

10、长官称尚书，副职为侍郎。郎。地方官职：地方官职：大政区称郡、州或称省，长官分别称郡守、大政区称郡、州或称省，长官分别称郡守、太守（或刺史）、巡抚。太守（或刺史）、巡抚。基层政权称县，县官称县令或知县，间乎基层政权称县，县官称县令或知县，间乎大政区和县之间高州（或府），长官称知州大政区和县之间高州（或府），长官称知州（知府）。（知府）。九卿三公九卿三公卿和公都是官职名称。据历史记载，卿和公都是官职名称。据历史记载，西周时期周王朝及诸侯都有卿，分上中西周时期周王朝及诸侯都有卿，分上中下三级。战国时期，不少国家沿用。上下三级。战国时期，不少国家沿用。上卿是当时最高的官职。卿是当时最高的官职。九卿：九

11、卿：九卿之说始于秦汉，指的是太常、九卿之说始于秦汉，指的是太常、光禄勋、卫尉、廷尉、太仆、大鸿胪、光禄勋、卫尉、廷尉、太仆、大鸿胪、宗正、大司农、少府九个官职。宗正、大司农、少府九个官职。三公：三公：周时以周时以司马、司徒、司空司马、司徒、司空为三公，为三公，西汉以西汉以丞相丞相（大司徒）、（大司徒）、太尉太尉（大司马）（大司马）、御使大夫御使大夫（大司空）为三公（大司空）为三公。到东汉时，名称有所改变，指到东汉时，名称有所改变，指太尉、太尉、司徒、司马。司徒、司马。三公又叫三公又叫 三司三司，共同负责军政事务，共同负责军政事务。科举科举乡试乡试会试会试殿试殿试 录取者称为录取者称为“举人举人

12、”，第一名称为，第一名称为“解元解元”。录取者称为录取者称为“贡生贡生”，第一名称为，第一名称为“会元会元”。录取者称为录取者称为“进士进士”，第一名称为第一名称为“状元状元”第二名为第二名为“榜眼榜眼”第三名为第三名为“探花探花”拜：授给官职。拜：授给官职。除：免去旧职任新职。除：免去旧职任新职。出：出任。出：出任。升：提升官职。升：提升官职。迁：调动官职升官。迁：调动官职升官。革：革除官职。革：革除官职。罢：罢免、停职。罢：罢免、停职。免：免除官职。免：免除官职。黜：废黜、贬退。黜：废黜、贬退。谪：降职远调。谪：降职远调。削：革职罢官。削：革职罢官。废：罢免或废黜。废：罢免或废黜。斥：屏弃

13、不用。斥：屏弃不用。去：去职，被调离。去：去职，被调离。授：封给官职。授：封给官职。擢：提拔、选拔。擢：提拔、选拔。左迁：降低官职调动。左迁：降低官职调动。退：撤销或降低官职；自己辞职。退：撤销或降低官职；自己辞职。Add your title in here Add your title in here Add your title in hereThemeGallery is a Design Digital Content&Contents mall developed by Guild Design Inc.ThemeGallery is a Design Digital Conten

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