公共英语三级英语教材

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1、公共英语三级英语教材lesson 1Kip KeinoKipchoge Keino is a modest man，and it takes prodding to get the great Kenyan runner to recall how he felt on Oct ，20，1968 when he won his first gold medal，in the 1,500 meters in Mexico City.The day hadnt started out well，Keino was suffering from stomach pains that later tu

2、rned out to be a severe gallbladder infection. His doctors advised against running；he ignored them.During the race，Keino was so focused on competing against American ace Jim Ryun that，in retrospect，“Without watching a video, I wouldnt know what happened at the finish.” He does remember what happened

3、 next. “I ran an honor lap. I ran it to celebrate and to let my body recover. I felt overcome by the excitement.” It was not the only memorable event in his life that day. Back home, his wife, Phyllis, gave birth to their third daughter, named Milka Olympia Chelagat in celebration of her fathers vic

4、tory.Keino went on to win a silver medal in the 5,000 meters in Mexico City and a gold and a silver four years later in Munich. He then became Kenyas Olympic running coach from 1976 to 1986, furthering his nations dominance in distance events. Kenyan runners have captured 32 Olympic track medals sin

5、ce 1964 and won the last six consecutive Boston Marathons. This summer, Keino will be in Atlanta as chief of the 120-athlete Kenyan delegation, which could include his son Martin, 23, a former NCAA 5,000-meter champion at the 1,5000 meters.But Keios athletic accomplishments are not the only reason h

6、e is a hero in the town of Eldoret in northwestern Kenya. Thirty years ago, Keino and his wifewho now have seven children of their ownbegan taking orphans into their home. Their house became so crowded that they raised funds to build a dormitory and a dining hall on a nearby farm Keino owns. Income

7、to support the facility comes from the farm, his sports shop and fees he has received from the Kenyan government over the years. Today, 73 children and young adultsaged 2 to 22live on the farm. “I think I have been lucky,” Keino says. “Now what is important is how I use what I have to help others.”L

8、esson 1 Kip Keino克普乔格凯诺是一种很谦虚旳人，要使这位伟大旳肯尼亚长跑运动员回忆起他在1968年10月20日那一天旳感受不是一件很轻易旳事情（当日他）在墨西哥城参与1500米长跑比赛中赢得了毕生中旳第一枚金牌。那每天未亮，凯诺忍受着剧烈旳胃痛，后来证明他患了严重旳胆囊炎。（鉴于这种特殊状况）他旳保健医生们都反对他参与长跑，然而他却不予理会。在赛跑中，凯诺集中精力，全力以赴与美国长跑能手吉木姆润恩竞赛，后来他回忆说，“假如没有看实况录像，我都不懂得比赛旳最终时刻发生了什么事情。”但他确实记得下面旳事情，“为了庆祝胜利并恢复体力，我光荣地跑了一圈，兴奋得精疲力竭。”那天，这不是唯

9、一值得他纪念旳事情，回到家，妻子菲利生了一种女儿，为了纪念他旳胜利，就给她取名为米尔卡奥林匹克克拉哥特。接着，凯诺在墨西哥城举行旳5000米长跑比赛中赢得一枚银牌，而四年后在慕尼黑旳比赛中又赢得一枚金牌和一枚银牌。1976到1986年，他成为肯尼亚奥运长跑教练，使得肯尼亚继续在长跑比赛中保持绝对旳优势地位。自1964年以来，肯尼亚长跑运动员已经获得32枚奥运田径奖牌，并且在波士顿马拉松比赛中赢得了六连冠。今年夏天，凯诺将以120名肯尼亚运动员代表团团长旳身份去亚特兰大，代表团中包括他旳儿子马丁。马丁，23岁，亚利桑那州大学旳全美大学生运动会5000米前冠军，有但愿在1500米长跑比赛中获胜。不

10、过，凯诺旳运动成就不是他成为肯尼亚西北方埃尔多雷特市镇英雄旳唯一理由。30年前，凯诺和他旳妻子开始收养孤儿，目前她已经是七个孩子旳母亲。他们旳房子变得如此拥挤，以致它们在凯诺自己旳农场附近集资建造了宿舍和餐厅。维持这些设施旳经费来自他旳农场、体育用品商店以及数年从肯尼亚政府获得旳酬金。今天，仍有2到22岁不一样年龄段旳73个孩子和年轻旳成年人继续生活在农场。“我想我是幸运旳”，凯诺这样说道，“目前重要旳是怎样用我所拥有旳去协助其他人。”Lesson 2A Gift of New LifeFirst came a boy weighing 3 pounds 14 ounces: Robert J

11、ared Screws. After Robert Jared came his three sisters: Briannia Rae, 3 pounds 1 ounce; Brinkley Faye, 3 pounds 13 ounces; and Buckley Lenay, 4 pounds 2 ounces. All were tiny, but they were strong, healthy babies. In the hallway outside the operating room, friends and relatives wept and cheered as t

12、he quad wheeled them by, one by one, in their incubators.The babies stayed in the hospital about a month. Keith went there too, for more chemotherapy, and the nurses took one or two babies at a time to his room for a visit. That seemed to help him more than the medication.Then came a wonderful surpr

13、ise. When we were ready to go home, we learned that a physicians fund had provided a brand-new van for us, complete with four infant car seats. Keith was waiting for us at hone, frail mow and in constant pain, but also very happy.The whole community of Swainsboro and surrounding towns united in tryi

14、ng to help us. Countless women offered to baby-sit. Members of Keiths high school class prepared dinners for us twice a week. All sorts of fund-raising events were organized. A Kroger store on Wilmington Island near Savannah donated a years supply of diapers and other baby needs. That helped, becaus

15、e the quads required 40 to 50 diapers a day!A man named Ricky Stevens came to measure our farmhouse for central air-conditioning, but went away concerned that the house was too small for six people. That night he could not sleep. He consulted a friend in real estate, Ken Warnock, and the two of them

16、 invited a group of Swainsboro businessmen to lunch. By the time Lunch was over, they had enough pledges to begin building a new house.There was a site on our land with a view of the pasture and grazing cattle. Our new house would be built there, a spacious home with five bedrooms-a master bedroom a

17、nd one for each of the quads.As spring came to Georgia, Keiths health continued to decline. Still, he took great delight in his four babies. In the mornings he would hold them and play with them and help feed them. He got to be good at handling two bottles at a time. Before we left home for a chemo-

18、treatment or doctors appointment Keith would spend time alone with each baby.Later in the spring another operation was necessary, and complications followed. It became difficult for Keith to talk or breathe, and at last consciousness. His final words to me were,“I love you.”The doctors put him on a

19、respirator, but they said it was only as matter of hours. I sat beside him holding his hand and whispering,“Be at peace. Be at peace.”And finally, on June 11, peace did come. He was 32 years old.Life went on. Ground was broken for the new house on a blue-and-gold day in December. The quads were old

20、enough to stand, and each was old enough to stand, and each was given a little gilded shovel to mark the occasion. Many friends and neighbors were there, and the mayor of Swainsboro put our feelings into words:“We hope that when these babies are grown, they will look at this house and understand how

21、 much their father was respected and admired by everyone who knew him.”I have gone back to teaching. Devoted friends and relatives and fully qualified helpers take good care of the quads while I am away. Without Keiths illness we never would have recognized the amazing goodness that lies in people.

22、The outpouring of love and compassion and caring that has surrounded us is almost beyond belief. One life was taken away from me, but four other lives were given to me to sustain and to comfort me. Facing death with Keith made me realize how precious life is. I cherish it and am grateful for it ever

23、y single day.lesson 3The Cause of the El Nino PhenomenonEl Nino is the Spanish name for the baby Jesus. The phenomenon is so-called because warm water moving across the Pacific traditionally reaches South America around Christmas. Scientists have now applied the term El Nino to the major warming epi

24、sodes over large South American coastal areas and westernly along the equator and the Dateline area. Scientists noted the El Nino has a return period of four to five years and lasts between 1218 months.In the late 1960s, it became apparent that the year-to-year variations in the sea surface temperat

25、ure and consequently El Nino events, were closely linked to the Southern Oscillation, a relationship between atmospheric pressure over the southeastern Pacific and Indian Ocean. When pressure is high in the Pacific Ocean, it tends to be low in the Indian Ocean from Africa to Australia. These conditi

26、ons are associated with low temperatures in both these areas and rainfall varies in the direction opposite the pressure.Thus, the combination of El Nino and Southern Oscillation （ENSO） is the linkage atmospheric and oceanic events and involves changes in circulations of the atmosphere and oceans acr

27、oss the Pacific Basin. The strongest El Nino this century occurred in 19821983 and resulted in droughts and disastrous forest fires in Indonesia and Australia, wreaking economic damage of at least US $8 billion.A major warming of the ocean waters across the eastern and central tropical Pacific Ocean

28、, known as ENSO, has developed since March 1997. The El Nino developed very rapidly during AprilMay, and reached strong intensity by June. This event is currently comparable in magnitude and extent to the 1982/1983 episode.lesson 4Our Changing DietWhat do most Americans and Canadians usually eat? Ma

29、ny people think that the typical North American diet consists of fast food-hamburgers, hot dogs, French fries, pizza, fried chicken, and so on. They think Americans and Canadians also eat a lot of convenience foods, usually frozen or caned, and junk food-candy, cookies, potato chips, and other thing

30、s without much nutritional value. Unfortunately, this description is mot totally inaccurate. The American diet is generally high in sugar, salt, fat, and cholesterol, and these substances can cause health problems.However, some peoples eating habits are changing. They are becoming more interested in

31、 good health, and nutrition is an important part of health. North Americans are eating less red meat and fewer eggs, and they are eating more chicken and fish. Chicken and fish contain less fat than meat and eggs. Many people are also buying more fresh vegetables and eating them raw or cooked quickl

32、y in very little water in order to keep the vitamins.Restaurant menus are also changing to reflect peoples growing concern with good nutrition. The “typical” North American diet now includes food from many different countries. More ethnic restaurants are opening in big cities in the United States an

33、d Canada. Foods from China, Japan, Korea, Thailand, India and the Middle East are very popular. Even fast-food places now offer “lean” （low-fat） hamburgers, broiled or roasted （instead of fried） chicken, and salad bars with a wide variety of fresh fruits and vegetables.How are we going to eat in the

34、 future? Because we now know about the importance of nutrition, we will probably continue to eat more fish and vegetables and less meat. We will still buy convenience foods in supermarkets, but frozen foods may be more nutritious and canned foods may have less salt and sugar. Our junk food will not

35、be “junk” at all because instead of candy bars we will eat “nutrition bars” with a lot of vitamins and protein. In the future, our diet will probably be even more interesting and healthful than it is now.In the United States and Canada, food is a very common topic of conversation. People are always

36、discussing new dishes, restaurants, diet plans, and ideas about nutrition. The arguments about the best diets and foods will continue: Are vegetables better than a diet of cooked foods? Is a little alcohol good for relaxation, or is all alcohol harmful? Is some caffeine good for energy, or is caffei

37、ne always bad? Can yellow vegetables really prevent cancer? Will eating garlic help avoid heart attacks? One thing we do know for sure:the key to good nutition is balance. How do we achieve that balance? We can choose foods from a variety of sources, control the quantities that we eat, limit fats, a

38、nd exercise.lesson 5 I Did It“I did it.” This is what newly-crowned Olympic gymnastics champion Li Xiaoshuang wanted to say most after his victory here on Sunday night at the 25th Olympic Games.Li scored 9.925 points by successfully completing his somersault tuck, becoming the first male gymnast eve

39、r to execute this maneuver in the optional apparatus finals. The program was extremely difficult. Failure could have been met by his head slamming the mat. Former Soviet Valery Liukin had once done this tuck in the team competition.“all the gymnasts before me had pretty high scores and this was the

40、only way out for me,” said Li. “I knew I could end up either first or last.” Li also won a bronze in the rings with a 9.862.Grigori Misutin of the Unified Team scored 9.875 points to share second place with Japanese Yukio Iketani.Right after his safe landing, Li rushed to his coach and former world

41、parallel bars champion Huang Yubing. The two broke into tears and embraced each other after the final gymnast, Vitali Scherbo of the Unified Team, failed to surpass Li.Lis gold was Chinas first in the floor exercises since 1984, when Li Ning won at the Los Angeles Olympic Games. Until the 1987 World

42、 Championships in Amsterdam where Lou Yun won the floor exercise, the event was dominated by the former Soviet Union gymnasts. “Though the floor is his specialty, Li still performed above his normal level,” said coach Huang, who shed from the award ceremony and watched it on TV at the back of the gy

43、mnasium.“Its not an easy job,” Li said. “Its the result of my hard training. And that three backward somersaults was the first rime that I have done it successfully.”“I want to thank my parents and especially my coach Huang who contributed greatly to my success.”Li joined the national team at the en

44、d of 1989 and his highest international achievement was first place in the floor exercises of the Beijing Asian Games.At last years Indianapolis World Championships, he was the best non-Soviet gymnast in the all-around competition, placing fourth, though he failed to score higher than 9.75 points in

45、 any apparatus. He was only sixth in the floor competition. He was still so little-known that even with his World Championship achievement here at the Olympics, computer statistics erroneously listed him as having done badly competing in two womens events, the uneven bars and the balance beam.Li sai

46、d he learned a lot here in Barcelona, both in gymnastics and manhood. He said in the team all-around competition, he repeatedly got low scores, and did not get the amount of points he should get for the degree of difficulty and execution of routines. But he kept the complaints to himself.Yet his exe

47、cution in the floor final was so perfect that nobody doubted he was the gold medal winner.The 18-year-old from Hubei Province said that his regular training was not only technical but also mental. He said to himself three times, “Start and leap, accelerate and land,” which he said was crucial in win

48、ning.Li also took part in the 1990 Seattle Goodwill Games and finished second in the floor exercises, and is now regarded as the Chinese teams best all-around gymnast, especially after former best Li Ning missed both in the pommel horse and high bar finals Sunday night.lesson 6Our Changing Lifestyle

49、s:Trends and FadsThese days urban lifestyles seem to change very fast. It is more than just clothing and hairstyles that are in style one year and out of date the next; its a whole way of living. One year people wear sunglasses on top of their heads and wear jeans and boots; they drink white wine an

50、d eat sushi at Japanese restaurants; for exercise they jog several miles a day. However, the next year everything has changed. Women wear long skirts; people drink expensive water from France and eat pasta at ltalian restaurants; everyone seems to be exercising at health clubs. Then, suddenly, it ha

51、s changed again. People wear only natural fabric （safe for the environment）; they drink gourmet coffee and eat Thai food; for both leisure and exercise, they go rollerblading.Almost nothing in modern life escapes the influence of fashion; food, music, exercise, book, slang words, movies, furniture,

52、places to visit, even names go in and out of fashion. For a while, it seems that all mew parents are naming their babies Heather, Dawn, Eric, or Adam. These names are “in.” then, suddenly, these names are “out,” and Tiffany and Jason are “in.” Its almost impossible to write about specific fads becau

53、se these interests that people enthusiastically follow can change very quickly.In the United States, even people can be “in” or “out.” Like people in any country, Americans enjoy following the lives of celebrities: movie stars, sports heroes, famous artists, politicians, and the like. But Americans

54、also pay a lot of attention to people who have no special ability and have done nothing very special. In 1981, for example, an unknown elderly woman appeared in a TV commercial in which she looked at a vary small hamburger and complained loudly, “Wheres the beef?” These three words made her famous.

55、Suddenly she appeared in magazines and newspapers and on TV shows. She was immediately popular. She was “in.” In 1987, an exterminator in Dallas, Texas, decided that he would be very happy if he could find more customers for his small business; he needed more people to pay him to kill the insects an

56、d rats in their houses.He put an unusual advertisement in a Dallas newspaper. He offered to pay $1,000 to the person who could find the biggest cockroach. This strange offer made him suddenly famous. There were stories about him nationwide-from New York to California. He was “in.” However, this kind

57、 of fame does not last long. Such people are famous for a very short time.This is the essence, the central, quality,of a fad. It doesnt last long. Some fads disappear before we have all even heard of them. How many people remember Green peace swimsuits? They changed color to indicate polluted water.

58、 And then there was “Beethoven Bread.” Popular in Japan in 1994, it was expensive-$20 for one loaf. It was made while classical music played in the kitchen. The woman who created this bread emphasized that “bread doesnt like rock music.”A person who participates in fads should remember that they com

59、e and go very fast, and they often come back in style after 10 to 15 years of being “out.” It might be a good idea never to throw anything away. Mickey Mouse watches and Nehru Jackets may soon be “in” again!lesson 7Compulsive SpendersAre you a compulsive spender, or do you hold on to your money as l

60、ong as possible? Are you a bargain hunter? Would you rather use charge accounts than pay cash? Your answer to those questions will reflect your personality. According to psychologists, our individual money habits not only show our beliefs and values, but can also develop from past problems.Experts i

61、n psychology believe that for many people, money is an important symbol of strength and influence. Husbands who complain about their wives spending habits may be afraid that they are loosing power in their marriage. Wives, on the other hand, may waste huge amounts of money because they are angry wit

62、h their husbands. In addition, many people consider money a symbol of love. They spend it on their families and friends to express love, or they buy themselves expensive presents because they need love.People can be addicted to different things, for example, alcohol, drugs, certain foods, or even te

63、levision. They are compulsive in their addictions, that is, they must a satisfy these needs to feel comfortable. In the same way, according to psychologists, compulsive spenders must spend more money. For those who buy on credit, further more, charge accounts are even more exciting than money: in ot

64、her words, these people feel that with credit they can do anything. Their pleasure at spending enormous amounts is actually greater than the pleasure they get from the things they buy.There is even a special psychology of bargain hunting. To save money, of course, most people look for sales, low pri

65、ces, and discounts. Compulsive bargain hunters, however, often buy things that they dont need just because they are cheap. They want to believe that they are helping their budget, but they are really playing an exciting game: when they can buy something for less than other people, they are winning.It is not only scientists, of course, who understand the psychology of spending habits, but also business people. Stores, companies, and advertisers use psychology to increase business. They consider peoples need for love, p